to be right); u'nrecht haben (to be wrong); lei'd thun (to be sorry); we'h thun (to urt);— schu'ld haben or sein (to be in fault);—sei'ud sein (to be hostile); mir ist 'ngst, wo’hl (I am afraid, well); mir ist no't (it is necessary to me, I require); tir ist we'he (I am grieved); das ist scha'de (that is a pity); ich bin wi'llens (I have : mind, I intend) ;—sta'ttfinden, sta'tthaben (to take place); wa'hrnehmen (to pereive); teilnehmen (to take part in, to sympathise with); ü'berhandnehmen (to ncrease); hau'shalten (to keep house, to manage); a'chtgeben (to pay attention); rei'sgeben (to abandon, to expose); bra'chliegen (to lie fallow); zustatten kommen (to be of use, to come in usefully); insta'nd setzen (to repair, to restore); zusta’nde kommen (to accomplish); imsti'ch lassen (to leave in the lurch), etc.-Er hält haus; es ist mir zustatten gekommen; es hat überhandgenommen; es ist mir zuteil geworden. But: Er hat keinen Teil an mir, etc. 3. With Pronouns and Numerals, as:—jemand, niemand, jeder, keiner, einer, der eine, der andere, man ;—etliche (some), einige, einzelne, manche, viele, alle, alles, etwas, nichts, beide;—die (alle) andern, das (alles) andre, die (alle) übrigen, das (alles) übrige, das meiste, der (das) nämliche, der erste, der letzte, der zweite, der nächste, der erste beste, ein jeglicher, etc. But:-Use Capital Initials (as before): (a) with Ordinal Numerals and Adjectives preceded by the definite article and used in apposition to a proper noun, as: Friedrich der Zweite; Karl der Große, etc. (b) With Pronouns and Adjectives in titles, as:-Se. Majestät der König; das Kaiserliche Zollamt (the Imperial Custom-House); der Wirkliche Geheimrat von Humboldt (the Privy Councillor von Humboldt). (c) With Pronouns used in addressing persons, more especially in letters, as:-Sie genießen mein volles Vertrauen; wir glauben Ihnen alles; das Haus Ihrer Eltern war mir stets geöffnet; ich will Dir bald mehr davon erzählen; stets bleibe ich Dein Dich liebender Sohn Heinrich, etc. 4. In Adjectival and Adverbial Clauses, as:-groß und klein (grown up people and children); arm und reich (poor and rich people); alt und jung, durch dick und dünn ;—am besten, fürs erste, bei weitem (by far); aufs deutlichste, im allgemeinen, im ganzen, im folgenden, im wesentlichen (essentially, in all essential points); von neuem, vor kurzem, im voraus (beforehand); von vorne, ohne weiteres, um ein beträchtliches, etc.—and also in idiomatic phrases, such as:-Er zieht den kürzern dabei (he is the loser by it); ich will Ihnen Ihre Unarten zugute halten (I will bear with your rudeness; I will excuse your incivilities); der Junge hat Sie zum besten (the boy amuses himself at your expense); ich will es Ihnen zuliebe thun (I will do it to please you), etc. E. Zerlegung der Wörter in Silben. (Division of Words into Syllables.) 1. When part of a German word has to be separated from the rest in order to be carried on to the next line, the division into Syllables is made as we would naturally deliver them whilst pronouncing the word very slowly and distinctly. The compound letters: ch, c, dt, pf, ph, sch, sp, st, f, th, and tz, should, as a rule, not be separated. [For exceptions see § 2 of this chapter.] Examples:-ru-hen, diesser, Son-ne, Mutster, Mitstag, den-noch, Flüsse, Wet-ter-glas, fünf-te, An-ker, Wech-sel, Hoff-nung, Hoff-nun-gen, Fin-ger, Lang-sam-keit, -Brüsche, hacken, Städte, klo-pfen, Ortho-graphie, lösschen, aus-spre-chen, lässtig, schießen, Losthar, kratzen, He-re. 2. The syllables forming the constituent parts of Compound Words should not be broken up, and the principal rule, as expressed above, cannot always be applied to them. Examples: hin-ein, hier-auf, her-ein, dar-um, war-um, vor-aus, voll-en-den, Inster-es-se, Miskro-skop, At-mo-sphäre, Schifffahrt*, Schwimm-mei-ster*, ge-mützlich, Dis-pens, dis-pu-tie-ren, Dis-po-si-ti-on, be-ob-ach-ten, auf-er-ste-hen, Geburtstag, Frühlings-tag. *But write 'Schiffahrt' and 'Schwimmeister' when no separation takes place. F. Der Apostroph. (The Apostrophe.) 1. The Apostrophe is more especially used for indicating the suppression of certain letters in poetry and in the language of every-day life, as in English. Examples: Ich lieb' dich; Steh' auf! Wie geht's? So ist 's recht; Geld hab' ich nicht. 2. Contractions of prepositions and articles are used without the Apostrophe, as: am, beim, unterm, ans, ins, zum. 3. The Apostrophe is abolished before the inflections indicating the Genitive relation of proper names, as: Ciceros Briefe; Schillers Gedichte; Homers Ilias; Fritzens Geburtstag; Hamburgs Handel; Sophiens Mutter; die Einwohner Breslaus. 4. Family names, however, terminating in & or 3, the genitive of which cannot be formed by adding §, require an Apostrophe to be placed after them for indicating the Genitive relation, as: Demosthenes' Reden; Voß' Luise. INDEX TO THE GRAMMATICAL RULES AND IDIOMATIC RENDERINGS. A. a or an preceded by 'not', how to 24. about, to be, rendered by im Begriff Abstract nouns, their formation Adverbs. Their position in Impera- N. 24. Articles, the, and other determinative S. by an adjective or a common name, = = as, conj., = since, how to render, S. = in, before names of Islands, S. 46, N. 6. Auxiliary verbs of tense, often C. Capital Initial, when required for care, to take care of, S. 91, N. 7. 4. Compound expressions, their im- Conditional Mood, the, its use, App. Conjunctive Mood, the, its use, App. Principal and Co- ordinate Clauses, App. §§ 1-12. Copula, the, not to be omitted, S. 27, N. 7. The Copula must follow N. 17. D. da, adv. in combination with a prep. in the principal clause when verbs Definite Article, the. When to be by a relat. pron., how to render, S. der and die must be used as relat. do, used in sentences of entreaty, from, referring to time and place, full of, how to render, S. 74, N. 14. G. gehen, always construed with sein, S. Gemahlin, wife, consort, S. 101, Genitive, the, of a proper noun gern(e), adv., denotes liking, S. 20, giebt (es) = the matter is, S. 63, N. 9; there is, there are, S. 82, = pressed before nouns denoting pro- indem, conj., used for rendering the Infinitive, the. With an Accusative, Inverted Construction. When to machen, requires the prep. zu, S. 27, man, pron. With the Active Voice Mark, die, its inflection, S. 58, N. 3. N. 4. |