See also App. § 34, and say 'and wish that he may be frugal (sparsam)'. 15, This passage requires the following construction: As (wie) it is usual (üblich) on (bei) such occasions, John (App. § 15) implored heaven in (mit) a sorrowful tone to prolong', etc. The noun Himmel is always used with the article. 16, Vermächtnis. 4 6 Section 58. THE BEQUEST. 5 7 9 8 The father continued: "I leave to my son James my money1, amounting to four thousand pounds 3." "Ah, father," said James, of course in great affliction, "may (App. § 34) heaven give you life and health to enjoy the gift yourself." The father, then addressing the spendthrift, said: "As for you, Dick, you will never come to good; you will never be rich. I leave you a shilling to (S. 19, N. 7) buy a halter." "Ah, father," said Dick in a most melancholy voice, “may heaven give you life and health to enjoy the gift yourself!"-ANONYMOUS. 1, 'money', here = ready money, bares Geld. 2, to amount to something, sich auf etwas belaufen. See S. 16, N. 4. 3, Das Pfund, one pound English money, never takes the sign of the Plural in German, and the same refers to 'die Mark', a German coin corresponding to one shilling English. 4, said = exclaimed; in 5, Say 'Upon this the father addressed himself (fich wenden) to (an) the spendthrift and said'. 6, As-Dick, Was dich betrifft, Richard. 7, Introduce this clause by the adverbial conjunction = with. fo, and see App. § 15; to come to good, zu etwas Rechtem kommen. 8, The German language, as a rule, requires that the person for whose benefit an action is performed, is clearly indicated. When this is not done by a noun in the dative case, it is generally done by means of the dative of a personal pronoun; as I will buy a hat. We have built a house. Ich will mir einen Hut kaufen. Supply, therefore, the necessary pronoun after the conjunction um; a halter=a rope, Strick, m. 9, Render 'most' here by 'höchst'. 4 Section 59. 8 3 Wheat is the most valuable1 of all grains, because from it, chiefly, we obtain the flour of which bread is made. In order to make flour, the grains of wheat are crushed between stones in a mill. The crushed mass is then separated into two parts,-bran and flour. Bran is the outer husk of the grain, which is used (S. 4, N. 4) for 3 fattening cattle, etc. It 10 does no harm, however, to mix the bran with the flour; the mixture is more nourishing than the pure flour. The bran makes the flour and the bread darker in colour; but this is no disadvantage, for brown bread is both" cheaper and more nourishing than white bread. Bread 12 is often artificially whitened by 13 the addition of alum and other injurious substances. Wheat is 14 chiefly grown in France, Germany, Austria, Southern Russia, (S. 46, N. 6) the British Isles, Australia, the United States, Canada, Egypt, and Northern Africa.-NELSON's Readers. Section 47. THE WHITE SHIP. (A.D. 1120.) as King Henry I went1 over to Normandy with his son Prince (S. 10, N. 2) William and a great retinue, to have the prince acknowledged his successor by the Norman nobles, and to contract the promised marriage between him and the daughter of the Count of Anjou. When both these things had been done with great show and rejoicing, the whole retinue prepared to embark for the voyage home. 9 5 When all was ready, there came to the king Fitz-Stephen, a seacaptain, and said: "My liege, my father served your father all his life, upon the sea. He steered 10 the ship " with the gold boy upon 11 14 the prow, in 12 which your father sailed 13 to conquer England. I beseech you to grant me the same office. I 15 have a fair vessel in the harbour here, called the White Ship, manned by fifty sailors of renown. Sire 16, to 17 let your servant have the honour of steering 18 White Ship to England." 1, to go over, fich begeben. placed after 'retinue'. The nobles, der Adel. Heiratsvertrag abschließen. I pray you, you in the The words 'to Normandy' (S. 19, N. 4) must be 2, to have acknowledged, huldigen lassen. See S. 19, N. 7. The words 'by (von) the Norman nobles' must be placed after 'prince'. 3, to contract a promised marriage, einen verabredeten The pron. 'him' should be turned by 'the prince', to avoid ambiguity. 4, both - things = this. 5, Pomp, m.; rejoicing, viele Freudenbezeigungen; to be done, geschehen. 6, sich zur Heimreise an'schicken. 7, Supply the adverb 'nun' after 'when'. 8, The subject and apposition must be placed immediately after the predicate. Comp. App. § 15. 9, Say My father, O prince (Fürst), served yours (use the second pers. sing. of the posses. pron., and continue the address in the same person) his whole life long at (ur) sea'. 10, lenken. 11, das am Vorderteile mit einem goldenen Knaben verzierte Schiff. 12, auf. 13, sailed — England = sailed (sich ein'schiffen) for (zu) the conquest of England. 14, verleihen. 15, Say 'I possess in this (hiefig) harbour a fair with fifty renowned (bewährt) sailors (Seeleute) manned vessel (Fahrzeug), called (App. § 1) the White Ship'. Comp. S. 7, N. 3. 16, o Herr. 17, to let ... have to grant; use the Supine. steer', here to conduct, geleiten. See S. 1, N. 3. = 18, 'to Section 48. THE WHITE SHIP. "I am sorry," replied the king, "that1 my vessel is already chosen, and that I cannot therefore sail with the son of the man who served my father. But the prince, with all his company, shall go along with you in the fair White Ship manned by fifty sailors of renown." 3 5 6 An hour or two afterwards, the king (App. § 15) set sail in the vessel he had chosen, accompanied by other vessels, and, sailing all night with a fair and gentle wind, arrived upon the coast of England in the morning. While it was yet night, the people in some of the ships heard a faint wild 10 cry come over the sea, and wondered what 11 it was. 8 9 1, Say 'that I have already chartered (bedingen) a ship'. 2, Use the Perfect, which is used in German to express an action or occurrence both perfect and past, without reference to any other action or occurrence. 3, Render 'but' by jedoch, which place after 'shall'; with company, samt feinem ganzen Gefolge; 'to go along, here fahren, to be placed at the end of the whole clause, which construe accord. to S. 48, N. 6. 4, An afterwards = Soon after. 5, to set sail, ab'segeln. 6, To place the qualifying parts before the word qualified is one of the most striking peculiarities of German Grammar. This construction, called attributive construction, has been explained in Section 7, Note 3 with respect to the rendering of the Perfect (or Past) Participle qualifying a preceding noun; but it must here be pointed out that it may likewise be used for rendering the Present Participle qualifying a preceding noun (comp. S. 16, N. 4), and that it is sometimes even suitable for translating short relative clauses. This, as long as it is not too much indulged in, imparts to the construction great conciseness and vigour, and avoids the too frequent use of relative pronouns, which, contrary to English construction, cannot be omitted in German. (Comp. S. 16, N. 10.) EXAMPLES. When the fleet, favoured by the finest weather, was about to set sail, there arose a shout of joy, proceeding from many thousands of voices, and resounding mightily from the shore. The child, gently sleeping in his mother's arms, was suddenly roused by his father's noisy en trance. The church, which was damaged by the siege, is now being restored. Als die von dem schönsten Wetter begünstigte Flotte im Begriff war abzusegeln, erhob sich ein von vielen tausend Stimmen erschallender Jubelruf, von dem das Ufer mächtig wiederhallte. Das in den Armen der Mutter sanft schlafende Kind wurde plöglich durch den lärmenden Eintritt des Vaters aufgeweckt. Die durch die Belagerung beschä digte Kirche wird jest wiederhergestellt. The clause 'in vessels' requires the attributive construction, since the two relative clauses, otherwise required, would make the rendering very lengthy and monotonous. To avoid a useless repetition, translate the first noun 'vessel' by Schiff and the second by Fahrzeug, and connect the two clauses by the conjunction und. 7, The passage 'and-morning' may be briefly rendered thus: and arrived, favoured (begünstigt, App. § 1) by a gentle (mäßig) wind, the (am) next morning in England. 8, Say 'During the night'. 9, the people = one, after which supply the conj. jedoch; in ships = upon some ships. 10, come sea, von der See herüber, which place after 'ships'; wild cry, Angstschrei. 11, was dies zu bedeuten habe. Section 49. THE WHITE SHIP. The prince went1 aboard the White Ship with one hundred and forty youthful nobles, among whom were eighteen noble ladies of the highest rank. All this gay company, with their servants and the fifty sailors, made three hundred souls aboard the White Ship. "Give three casks of wine, Fitz-Stephen," said the prince, "to the fifty sailors of renown. My father the king has sailed out of the 4 2, Say 'because it yields (liefern) 3, bereiten. 4, Form a compound 5, zermahlen. 6, sondern. 9, ... 1, wertvoll; 'grain', here Kornart, f. us chiefly the flour for our bread'. noun of 'wheat' and 'grains' (Körner). 7, The prep. 'in' must be repeated before this and the following noun. 8, for cattle, zur Viehfütterung. u. f. w., i. e. und so weiter. 10, It however, Übrigens schadet es nichts. 11, both ... and, sowohl. als auch. 12, Say 'Bread receives (erhalten) often an artificial whiteness through an addition', etc. 13, When 'by' is equivalent to 'through', it must be rendered by durch. 14, Say 'grows chiefly', in order to make the construction more concise than it would be by using a p. p., which would have its place at the end of the whole clause, and would thus make the construction too lengthy. Section 60. OCCUPATION OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS. 5 2 8 Fishing (S. 40, N. 9) was a principal occupation, owing1 to the frequent abstinences from flesh-meat, enjoined by (S. 59, N. 13) a superstitious ritual. Eels were taken in immense numbers in the marsh lands of the Eastern counties; salmon in the river Dee; herrings along the shores of Suffolk, Kent, and Sussex, in their annual migration; while larger species, as the whale and grampus, were captured in the open sea. Hunting and falconry were the field-sports of the great. The beasts of the forest or chase, which were protected by fines, and reserved for privileged persons, were the 10 stag, roebuck, hare, and rabbit. The wolf, fox, and boar might " be killed by 12 any one with impunity, if (S. 27, N. 7) found without 13 the limits of the chase or forest. The wild duck and heron were the 14 common quarry.—MILNER, HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 1, Say 'in consequence of the frequent fasting'. S. 7, N. 3, B. 3, Ritus, m. 2, an ordnen. See 4, 'to take', here to catch; numbers multitudes, Menge, f.; marsh lands, Marschgegenden. 6, as = like, wie. 7, der Schwertfisch (Delphinus orca). = 5, in = upon. 8, Vergnü gungen. 9, reservieren. 10, I propose to use the following seven nouns in the plural and without the article, in order to avoid the frequent repetition of the same. 11, Use the Imperf. of dürfen. 12, by — impunity, von 13, without outside, außerhalb jedermann ungestraft. booty of all'. = Section 61. TENDER1, TRUSTY, AND TRUE. I. 5 14, Say 'the (Extract from a Sermon preached to a congregation of children at Chicago.) When I was in the Sunday-school, and had just begun to read about3 David, I did not feel sure he ever was a real baby, and had to be fed with a teaspoon; or that he ever was a real little boy that went to school as I did, and played marbles, and had a peg-top, a jack-knife, some slate pencils, ever so many buttons, and a piece of string ", all in one pocket; that 12 he ever had to try hard not to cry when he went to school very cold 13 mornings; or that the teacher spoke sharp to him, 10 14 17 when the little chap had tried 15 his best to get 16 his lesson, and 1 did not get it very well. 1, Zartfühlend, zuverlässig und treu. 2, Say 'When I went to the Sundayschool', and supply the adverb noch after the subject. 3, über. 4, Say 'I could scarcely imagine, that he ever really had been a little child and had to be fed with a teaspoon (und mit einem Theelöffel habe gefüttert werden müssen)'. By carefully reading §§ 29 and 30 of the Appendix, the student will see that the verbs depending on the governing verb 'imagine' must stand in the Perfect of the Subjunctive Mood. According to S. 52, N. 8, however, the auxiliary 'fei' may be omitted in the clause 'that he ever really had been a little child'. 5, Junge. The auxiliary 'sei' may again be omitted here. 6, that = who; as I did = 'like myself', which place immediately after the relat. pron. 7, Schuffer. Remember that both this and the next clause are depending on the relative clause' that-did'; place, therefore, the verb 'played' after 'marbles', and the verb 'had' after 'peg-top'. 8, Kreisel, m. 10, ever so many, eine Unzahl von, i. e. no end of." 12, that — hard, daß er sich je habe anstrengen müssen. an einem sehr kalten Morgen, which place after the subject. zur (or in die) Schule gehen. 14, Say 'or that the teacher had ever scolded (fchelten) the little fellow (Bursche), when he had', etc. 15, to try one's best, fich Mühe geben. 16, to get one's lesson to learn one's lesson, 17, Say 'and had not learnt it well', and supply the adverb doch (nevertheless) after the objective pronoun 'it'. For the position of the verb see App. § 17. seine Lektion erlernen. 11, 9, Taschenmesser, n. ein Stück Bindfaden. 13, cold mornings, 'To go to school', 1 TENDER, TRUSTY, AND TRUE. II. But you know, ministers 2 have to find out all about such men as David; and I have found out enough to make me feel sure he was once a little boy, just like one of you; that he had to learn verses, like you; and didn't like (S. 20, N. 2, A) it, like you; and that he did not like to go to bed early, or to get up early, like you. 5 9 7 6 I rather fear that, in the summer, he ate green apples, unripe melons, hard peaches, and sour plums, as you do; and got sick, and was very sorry, and had to take medicine, as you do; that he said he would (App. § 28) never do it again, and that he 10 then never did do it again, as I hope you will neither. 11 = = 1, Use the 2nd pers. pl., and after the verb supply the adverb 'ja', which will be equivalent to the English 'I am sure'. 2, die Pfarrer, before which supply the conj. daß. Have to must; to find out, aus findig machen; all— David all (S. 3, N. 7) that relates (fich beziehen) to (auf) such men as David. 3, Say 'to (S. 19, N. 7) be convinced, that', etc. Just-you, wie ihr. 4, The auxiliaries to have' and 'to be' followed by the infinitive of another verb, must generally be rendered by the auxiliary verb of mood 'müssen'; asI have to do it, Ich muß es thun. 5, fast, adv.; see S. 5, N. 2. 6, The subject 'he' must immediately follow the conj. 'that'. 7, as you do, wie ihr. 8, that he became (werden) ill; 'and sorry', say 'felt (empfinden) bitter repentance'. 9, 'to take', here ein'nehmen. 10, Here follows 11, wie ihr es hoffentlich auch nicht wieder thun werdet. the pron. 'it'. |