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particular oil, ihr besonderes Sl.
strued accord. to S. 30, N. 4.
12, Say 'which one calls essential
become volatile, sich verflüchtigen.
(erwärmen). Comp. S. 27, N. 7.

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Section 71.

ON PERFUMERY.

II.

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The common or fixed1 oils, on the contrary, such as olive or linseedoil, do not evaporate. This may be easily illustrated, thus: If a piece of writing-paper be touched with a fixed oil or grease, (S. 27, N. 8) it leaves a stain, which, upon being held before the fire, will not disappear. Now, if any plant has a peculiar smell or taste, it is generally found that its essential oil is the cause of this (S. 4, N. 5, B). Consequently 9, if we extract this, we really obtain 10 the essence.-PROF. ASCHER. 1, fest; on the contrary, hingegen. See S. 15, N. 3. 2, as olive or linseedoil, wie das Oliven oder Leinsamenöl. When two compound nouns which have the last component in common follow each other, the last component is generally omitted in the first noun, which is connected with the next one by means of hyphens. To evaporate, sich verflüchtigen. 3, Dies läßt sich auf folgende Weise leicht beweisen. 4, Turn the Passive Voice here into the Actice Voice by means of the pron. man, as explained in S. 4, N. 4. 5, 'to leave', here 6, The passage 'which - - disappear' may be briefly rendered, thus: 'which does not disappear before the fire'. See S. 32, N. 11. 7, Reverse the order of the first two words in 9, Consequently therefore, also, which 10, to obtain, gewinnen; the essence (as a

this clause.

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to leave behind; it = this.

8, any = a. place after the subject 'we'.

Nom.), der der Pflanze eigentümliche Wohlgeruch.

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Section 72.

ON INSTINCT1.

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The following most curious instance of a change of instinct is mentioned by Darwin. The bees carried over to Barbadoes and the Western Isles ceased to lay up any honey after the first year, as they found it not useful to them. They found the weather so fine, and the materials for making honey so plentiful, that they quitted their grave, prudent, and mercantile 10 character, became exceedingly profligate and debauched ", ate up their capital, resolved to work no more, and 13 amused themselves by flying about the sugar- houses and stinging the blacks. The fact is, that 15, by 16 putting animals in different situations 17, you may 18 change, and even reverse, any of their original propensities. Spallanzani 19 brought 20 up an eagle upon 21 bread and milk, and fed a dove on raw beef.-REV. S. SMITH.

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1, über den tierischen Instinkt. 2, This clause requires a different rendering; let us say ‘Darwin gives the following most (höchst) curious example of a change of the animal instinct'. The last noun requires the def. art., as explained

in S. 3, N. 2. 3, to carry over, hinüberbringen. The Perfect Participle qualifies the noun 'bees'. According to S. 7, N. 3, the words 'carried — Isles' may be rendered either by the attributive construction or by forming of them a relative clause. I venture to propose the use of the attributive construction as the more elegant of the two modes of rendering, and more especially in order to avoid a repetition of subordinate clauses. 4, When the preposition 'to', in connection with a verb denoting motion, stands before the names of countries, towns, islands, etc., it must be rendered by ‘uach'. 5, Here follow the words ' after - year'; to lay up honey, einen Vorrat von Honig an'sammeln. 6, See S. 41, N. 6; it = this; not useful, nicht mehr von Nußen. 7, materials plentiful, Materialien zur Honigbereitung in solchem Überflusse vorhanden. 8, auf'geben. 9, prudent = cautious. 10, mer: kantilisch. 11, unmäßig. 12, to eat up, auf’zehren. 13, und sich daran ergößten. For rendering the passage 'by - blacks' see S. 1, N. 3. Το fly about, umschwär'men, v. tr. 14, The is, Es ist eine ausgemachte Thatsache. 15, Here follows the subject 'you' (comp. S. 66, N. 15), which translate by the impers. pron. man. 16, by- animals, durch Verseßung der Tiere, i.e. by a removal of the animals. In into; different other. 17, Here follows the object and its attributes, 'their original (angeboren) propensities (Trieb, m.)'. 18, may = can; reverse, in entgegengeseßte Richtungen leiten. 19, Lazaro Spallanzani, berühmter italienischer Anatom und Naturforscher, geb. 1729, + 1799. 20, to bring up, groß ziehen.

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21, bei.

Section 73.

22, mit.

PETER THE GREAT AND THE MONK.

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Peter the Great ordered1 many foreign books to be translated into the Russian language, and among others 2" Puffendorf's Introduction to the Knowledge of the States of Europe." A monk, to whom the translation of this book was committed, presented 5 it some time after to the Emperor. The monarch examined the translation; at a certain chapter, however, he suddenly changed countenance, turned indignantly to the monk, and said: "Fool, what did I order 10 thee to do? Is this a translation?” He then referred to the original and showed the poor monk a paragraph in which the author had spoken with great asperity 12 of the Russians, but which had not been translated. Go," resumed the monarch," and instantly carry out 18 what I have bidden thee to do. It is not to (S. 19, N. 7) flatter my subjects that I1 have ordered this book to be translated, but (S. 6, N. 10) to instruct 15 and reform 16 them!"ANONYMOUS.

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1, Use the auxiliary verb of mood 'lassen' as a translation of 'to order', 'to command', and 'to cause', when these verbs are connected with the auxiliary 'to be' and the Past Participle of another verb; as

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8, bei.

9, to change countenance, die Farbe wechseln.

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10, 'to order',

here befehlen. See S. 48, N. 2. 11, Say 'Hereupon he opened (auf'schlagen) the original'. 12, Schärfe, f.; had spoken . . . of had expressed himself (sich aus'sprechen) about. 13, verrichten. 14, Inverted construction. 15, belehren 16, reformieren; the prep. zu must be repeated before this verb.

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Section 74.

THE BEAUTY OF THE EYE.

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I.

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Look how beautiful the human eye is, excelling in beauty the eye of every creature! The eyes of many of the lower animals are doubtless very beautiful. All of us must have admired the bold, fierce, bright eye of the eagle; the large, gentle, brown eye of the ox; the treacherous green eye of the cat, waxing and waning 5 like the moon, as the sun shines upon it (S. 4, N. 5) or deserts it; the pert eye of the sparrow; the sly eye of the fox; the peering little bead of black enamel in 1o the mouse's head; the11 gem-like eye which 12 redeems the toad from ugliness; and the intelligent, affectionate expression, which 13 looks out from the human-like eye of the horse and dog. There 14 are these and the eyes of many other animals full of beauty; but 15 there is a glory which excelleth in the eye of man.

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1, Use the 2nd pers. sing. 2, Say 'and how it excelleth in (an) beauty the eye of every other creature!' The words 'in beauty' should be placed before the verb. 3, All of us, wir alle; all of them, fte alle; all of you, ihr (or Sie) alle. Render the words 'must have' by 'have certainly'. The p. p. should be placed after 'eagle'. 4, sich vergrößern. fleinern. 6, as according as, je nachdem. 8, forschend. 9, Perlenauge. Edelsteine gleichende Auge. 12, Say 'which lets us forget the ugliness of the 13, which the in the.

toad'.

These

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14, There are these ... full = are full. Full of, voller. 15, im Auge des Menschen jedoch liegt eine

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We realise this fully only when we gaze into the faces of those we love. It is their eyes (S. 16, N. 10) we look at when we are near them, and recall when we are far away. The face is a blank without the eye, and the eye seems to concentrate every feature in itself. It is the eye that smiles, not the lips; it is the eye that listens, not the ear; it1 that frowns, not the brow; it 11 that mourns, not the voice. Every sense and every faculty 12 seems to 13 flow toward it, and find expression through it 14, nay 15, to be lost in it; for all must have felt at times as 16 if a man's eye was not a part of him, but (S. 6, N. 10) the man himself; as 17 if it had not merely life, but also a 18 personality of its own;—as 19 if it was not only a living, but also a thinking being.-PROF. G. WILSON.

1, 'to realise', here

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to comprehend, begreifen. The object 'this' may be emphasized by being placed at the head of the clause. Fully only, erst ganz. 2, Say 'when we look upon (betrachten) the face (Antlig, n.) of our loved ones 4, anblicken. 5, and which we recall 6, are far away, fern von ihnen weilen. 8, Supply here the adj. 'individual' (einzeln). 9, lauschen.

(unserer Lieben)'.

(fich zurückrufen). expressionless.

3, Es sind.

7, a blank = 11, Say 'the eye is 13, toit, dahin zu strömen. 14, 'it', here the same. 15, ja, darin aufzugehen. 16, as if... was, als wäre; a man's eye the eye of a man. 17, as if it had, als hätte es. 18, a personality of its own a self-dependent personality. 19, as if it was,

10, Say 'the eye frowns (zürnen, i.e. to look angry)'. 12, Gemütsstimmung, f.

sad'.

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als wäre es.

Section 76.

A FUNERAL DANCE1.

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Drums were beating 2, horns blowing, and people were seen all running in one direction. The cause was a funeral dance. I joined the crowd, and soon found myself in the midst of the entertainment 7. The dancers were most (höchst) grotesquely got up. About a dozen huge ostrich feathers adorned their helmets. Leopard or black and white monkey-skins 10 were suspended 11 from their shoulders, and a leather, tied (S. 7, N. 3, A) round the waist, covered a large iron bell which was strapped 12 upon the loins of each dancer; this they rang 13 to the time of the dance. A large crowd got up in 14 this style 15 created 16 an indescribable hubbub, heightened 17 by the blowing of 18 horns and the beating of seven nogaras 19 of various notes 20. Every dancer wore an antelope's horn 22 suspended round the neck, which he blew occasionally in 23 the height of his excitement.-SIR S. BAKER, THE ALBERT N'YANZA.

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1, Ein Tanz zur Leichenfeier. 2, were beating = were being beaten. See S. 2, N. 1. To beat a drum, eine Trommel rühren. 3, horns (were) blowing horns resounded (ertönen). 4, Say and one saw all (alles) people run in (nach) one direction. 5, sich an'schließen, which requires the dat. 6, in the midst, inmitten, which requires the gen. 7, entertainment = festivity. 8, grotesk. 9, 'to get up', here aus'staffieren. 10, 'skin', here Fell, n., of which form a compound expression with the pl. of the nouns 'leopard' and 'monkey', as explained in S. 71, N. 2. 11, were suspended

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= hung; from = von ... . herab. 12, to be strapped, mit einem Riemen befestigt fein; upon' here an. 13, schellen; to dance, während des Lanzens zum Tafte. 14, auf. 15, style manner. 16, created=made. 17, Say 'which was (Passive) still heightened', according to S. 7, N.

18, Use

3, B. the gen. of the def. art.. 19, 'nogaras'-which use in its unaltered form in German-are a kind of drum. 20, notes sounds. = 21, wore... suspended had... hanging; 'round', here an. 22, To render 'antelope's horn' form a compound noun of the pl. of the noun 'antelope' and the singl. of the noun 'horn'. Comp. S. 36, N. 7, A, B, and C, and mark further:

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A. Although the first component of Compound Nouns is generally in the singular, some require the plural; as-Kinderstube, f., nursery; Bildergallerie, f., picture-gallery.

B, 1. The first component takes sometimes one of the genitive inflections s, es, u, eu, or ens, according to the declension it belongs to; as-Königsmantel, m., royal mantel; Tageslicht, n., day-light; Heldenmut, m., heroism; Friedensliebe, f., love of peace.

2. We find, however, the terminations & or es used as a connecting link between the two components for the mere sake of euphony, even in cases where the first component is a feminine noun; this is more especially the case when the first component is in itself a compound expression, when it has one of the derivative suffixes heit, ing, ling, keit, schaft, tum, ung, or when it is a noun of foreign origin terminating in ion, at, and at; as-—Geburtstag, m., birthday; Hochzeitsgeschenk, n., wedding present; Weisheitslehre, f., philosophy; Religionsduldung, f., toleration; Universitätsgericht, n., university court.

C. In a few compound nouns we find one of the euphonic terminations e, er, and I used as a connecting link between the two components; as-Tagewerk, n., day's work; Aschermittwoch), m., Ash-Wednesday; Heidelbeere, bilberry. D, 1. When the first component consists of the stem of a verb, it is often joined to the second component without a connecting link; as—Schreibbuch, n., copy-book.

2. Sometimes a euphonic e is used as a connecting link; as-Zeiges finger, m., forefinger; Haltepunkt, m., place of stopping.

23, in excitement in the highest excitement.

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Section 77.

ABSOLUTION BEFOREHAND1.

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When Tezel was at Leipzig, in the sixteenth century (App. § 9), and had collected3 a great deal of money from all ranks of people, a nobleman, who suspected imposition, put the question to him: "Can you grant absolution for a sin which a man shall intend to commit in future?" "Yes," replied the frontless commissioner, "but on condition that a proper sum of money be actually 10 paid down." The noble (S. 5, N. 2) instantly produced the sum demanded, and in return 11 received a diploma 12, sealed and signed by Tezel, absolving 13 him from the unexplained crime which he intended to commit. Not long after, when Tezel was about (S. 6, N. 4) to leave Leipzig, the nobleman made 15 inquiry respecting the road he would probably travel 16, waited 17 for him in ambush at a convenient place, attacked and robbed him, then 18 beat him soundly with a stick, sent him back to Leipzig with 19 his chest empty, and 20 at parting said: "This is the fault 21 I intended to commit, and for which I have your absolution 22."—Rev. R. K. Arvine.

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1, Der im voraus erteilte Ablaß. 2, Johann Tezel (eigentlich Diezel) wurde um 1460 zu Leipzig geboren, trat 1489 in den Dominikanerorden, ward 1502 vom Papst zum Ablaßprediger bestellt, später zum apostolischen Kommissar ernannt und mit dem Ablaßhandel in Sachsen betraut, zog sich jedoch, von Luther seit dem 31sten Oktober 1517 wegen seiner unverschämten Anmaßungen bekämpft, in das Paulinerkloster zu Leipzig zurück, wo er im Jahre 1519 verstarb. 3, ein'nehmen; a great deal of, eine Masse Construe accord. to App. § 5. 4, ranks = classes; people, Bevölkerung, f., see S. 3, N. 2. 5, 'to put a question to somebody' here to ask somebody. 6, I propose to use the 2nd pers. pl. in this case, and to supply the adverb auch after the pron. 7, a -future which one only (erst) intends to commit. See App. § 19. 8, unter, followed by the def. art. 9, angemessen; to render 'sum of money' form a comp. n. of which the noun 'money' forms the first component and the noun 'sum' the last.

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tually directly; to pay down, aus zahlen. place after the verb.

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10, ac11, in return, dafür, which 12, 'diploma', here Ablaßbrief, m. 13, absol vieren. See S. 16, N. 4; unexplained, ungenannt. 14, Not-after = Soon

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