themselves as they were towards the King', and insert the grammatical subject es after the pronoun 'they'.-The grammatical subject es is frequently employed for emphasizing the real subject or to give more tone and life to the construction; as-Es sprach die Leidenschaft aus seinen Zügen. It is, moreover, used with all impersonal verbs; as-es friert, es donnert, es giebt, es ist.

Section 105.

THE DRAMA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848. V.

8

3

Princes, peers1, soldiers, and statesmen were all sneaking in hiding places whilst the capital was made over to the mercy of a few dozen incendiaries. The daughter-in-law, seeing (S. 55, N. 1) the King depart*, carries her child to the Chamber of Deputies, and' there, with womanly courage and queenly dignity, vindicates his rights. Her friends entreat her to withdraw. Firm in her purpose, she does not move an inch. She attempts to speak, but is interrupted; and 10 he who interrupts is himself silenced by an armed mob that pours 11 into the hall 12. The Duchess is forced away13, and in that terrible extremity is separated from her son. The child is seized by (S. 106, N. 23) a rough hand, which1 is strong enough to strike 15, but 16 generous enough to save. The boy

13

is brought to his mother, and mother and son pass 18 from asylum to asylum, chased 19 by scythes, sabres, muskets, and, worse 20 than all, the 21 bloody passions of an infuriated "canaille". For 22 four days they 23 creep into hiding places; on the fifth day they are beyond the frontier.

1, The Peers of France were called 'Pairs', which term is used in German, the final being pronounced. 2, to sneak into hiding places, in den Winkel friechen. 3, was made over was left (überlassen), with the dat. Construe the sentence after the following model:-Die Festung wurde einer kleinen Anzahl Soldaten auf Gnade oder Ungnade überlassen. 4, davon reisen. Comp. App. § 19.

=

5, führen, before which the subjective pronoun 'she' must be supplied. 6, Deputiertenkammer, f. 7, and rights where she vindicates his rights with, etc. 8, Fest ihren Zweck verfolgend. 9, zurück weichen. 10, and - himself, und der sie Unterbrechende selbst wird. 11, to pour = to rush. 12, Saal, m. 13, gewaltsam hinweg'drängen. 14, After the rel. pron. insert the adverb zwar (certainly, it is true, indeed), which will give more force to the clause. 15, darein zuschlagen. 16, 'but', here doch, or aber auch. 18, 'to pass', here = to flee. what is still worse. 21, von dem 22, Vier Tage lang.

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20,

17, 'to bring', here to bring back. 19, chased pursued; by, von. blutgierigen Zorn eines rasenden Pöbels. places they try to conceal themselves.

Section 106.

23, they

THE DRAMA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848.

VI.

Everybody is escaping at1 the same moment. There is the King's eldest son, pale and half-naked, throwing2 aside his tinsel and putting on fustian, looking less than a man in his fear, trembling with emotion, and finally running like a madman for his life. There are your

5

7

12

ministers, of European reputation and wisdom unapproachable, bounding like antelopes, northwards 10, southwards, "anywhere, anywhere 11 out of the city", which they and all the rest give up to indiscriminate riot. And 13 now the crowning point of our first "tableau" is near. The (S. 107, N. 13) mob, masters 14 of Paris, are sacking the Tuileries. The choicest moveables 15 are broken to atoms; a group 16 takes 17 the places which Royalty filled a moment ago at the breakfast table; others are in the wine cellar drinking 18 themselves ten times drunk; others, again 19, are in the Queen's apartments, defiling 20 that 21 domestic sanctuary. Outside the palace and on the top 22 of it a flag is waved 2 by 23 a dozen men, whose 25 shouts and shrieks invite hundreds, whom 26 you see crawling up with no earthly object but immediately to (S. 19, N. 7) slide down again.

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1, at moment with them. 2, 'throwing-life'. The rendering of this passage according to the rule of S. 16, N. 4 would be inelegant, since there are a number of Present Participles following one another. I propose, therefore, to begin a new period here, saying: He throws aside his tinsel (here Flitterstaat, m.), puts on fustian, etc.; to put on fustian, sich in Barchent kleiden. 3, to look less than a man, faum einem Manne ähnlich sehen. 4, vor; emotion = excitement. 5, davon'laufen. 6, um sein Leben zu retten. 7, your = the. 8, of- unapproachable = incomparable in (an) European fame and wisdom. 9, Since a relative clause follows immediately, it would be bad taste to render this clause, beginning with a Present Participle, in the same form. It will be best to commence a new period. Comp. N. 2. 10, nach Nord und Süd. 11, The second 'anywhere' is best turned by nur hinweg. 12, dem allgemeinen Aufruhr preisgeben. 13, And near And now we approach (fich nähern, with Dat.) the end (Schluß, m.) of our first tableau. The French tableau' is used with French pronunciation in the same sense in German. It is of the neuter gender and takes the inflection of an 8 in the Gen. Sing. 14, masters of Paris=which rules in Paris; to rule, beherrschen (v. tr.). 15, moveables 16, Insert the noun 'men'. 17, ein'nehmen; Royalty=the Royal family; filled = occupied (inne haben, treated like a comp. sep. v.). The adverbial clause at the breakfast table' is best placed after the verb 'takes'. 18, drinking themselves drunk and drink themselves drunk (fich betrinken). 19, wiederum andere. 20, and defile (besudeln). 21, diese geheiligte Stätte der Häuslichkeit. 22, top roof; of it of the same. 23, The preposition 'by' in connection with the passive voice and establishing a relation with the noun or pronoun that denotes the doer of the action expressed by the verb, is rendered by von. 24, hin und her schwenken. 25, To avoid a succession of relative clauses, which should always be avoided, begin again a new period here and say: The shouts and shrieks of these men invite (herbei'z locken), etc. 26, whom - but who seem only to climb up (erklettern) the roof. The adv. 'immediately' comes after the conjunction 'to'.

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objects; atoms

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pieces.

Section 107.

THE DRAMA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848.

1

VII.

There is sentiment in all things. The apartments of the poor daughter-in-law are reached (S. 4, N. 4, man), but, strange 2 to say, are respected in the midst of the work of general destruction. Her

4

12

6

14

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17

children's toys are not even touched; the hat and (S. 10, N. 9) whip of her dead husband are still sacred; the books (S. 16, N. 10) she had been reading lie still open 8. It is an incident that cannot fail to 10 elicit rounds of applause. And whilst 11 anarchy and destruction prevail here, there is equal confusion and danger in the Chamber of Deputies. We have seen the 13 mob forcing their way into (zu) that deliberative assembly. Everybody is now rushing to the tribune. Three 15 speakers become marked from the rest; their 16 names are Lamartine 23, Crémieux 23, and Ledru Rollin 2; they17 gain the popular ear, and undertake (S. 51, N. 13) to establish 18 order-a superhuman responsibility! A Provisional Government is announced, named1, and approved on the spot. "To (S. 72, N. 4) the Hôtel de Ville!" exclaims one 20 "To the Hôtel de Ville!' respond a hundred; and amidst 21 yells and hootings, cries of "Vive la République!" "Vive Lamartine!" "A bas tout le monde !" Monsieur Lamartine 23 sets out for that celebrated building, followed by a train made 2+ up of the dregs of a seething metropolis. In the middle 25 of the shouting the curtain falls, and 26 the first act terminates. Search 27 the dramatic annals of the world for such another.-ESSAYS FROM THE TIMES".

66

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24

1, Es findet sich jedoch überall noch eine Spur von Gefühl. 2, strange to say, sonderbarerweise. 3, are respected, werden dieselben... verschont. 4, work - destruction, allgemeines Zerstörungswerk. 5, bleiben; not touched untouched. 6, verstorben. 7, sind dem Andenken noch heilig. 8, Supply here the adverb da, which will make the sentence more emphatic. 9, It is, Es ist dies. Comp. S. 104, N. 19. 10, to applause, den allgemeinsten Beifall hervorzurufen.-Dieser Vorfall erklärt sich durch die große Popularität des verstorbenen Herzogs und seiner Gemahlin, der Herzogin Helene von Orléans. the adv. 'here' after whilst, and use the adverb noch with it. is', here findet man, after which place 'in - Deputies'. how the mob forces its way (sich einen Weg bahnen). In German the verb agrees in the Singular with a collective substantive in the Singular. 14, Alles; to, auf. 15, Drei Redner hört man über die andern hinaus.

heißen.

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13, the

11, Place 12, 'there way

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16, sie verschaffen. 20, Say 'one voice', and afterwards 'hundred other voices'. 21, unter. 22, und unter wiederholten Ausrufen von . . . 23, 'to set out', here die Prozession an' treten; for, nach. The verb must of course appear before the Subject Lamartine. Louis Alphonse Lamartine erregte zunächst durch seine zarten Jugenddichtungen in den zwanziger Jahren allgemeine Aufmerksamkeit. Nachdem er durch den Tod eines Oheims ein bedeutendes Vermögen ererbt hatte, bereiste er 1832 den Orient, worauf er die politische Laufbahn betrat und einer der glänzendsten Redner der Deputiertenkammer wurde. Nach der Februarrevolution von 1848 wurde er Mitglied der provisorischen Regierung und Minister des Auswärtigen, zog sich jedoch 1851 unzufrieden zurück und + am 1. März 1869 zu Passy, wo er in dürftigen Verhältnissen gelebt hatte. Isaac Adolphe Crémieur, Israelit, wurde 1830 Advokat am Kassationshofe zu Paris, bekämpfte, seit 1842 Mitglied der Kammer, heftig das Ministerium Guizot und förderte die Reformbewegung. Nach der Februarrevolution von 1848 ward er Mitglied der provisorischen Regierung, in der er kurze Zeit das Justizministerium bekleidete. Nach der Wahl des Prinzen Louis Napoléon zum Präsidenten trat er zur Opposition über, ward beim Staatsstreich am 2. Dez. 1851 verhaftet, jedoch bald wieder freigelassen, worauf er sich auf seine Praxis beschränkte. Im Jahre 1870, nach dem Sturze des Kaiserreichs, nochmals zum Mitglied der provisorischen Regierung gewählt, hielt er sich zu Gambetta und ward später Mitglied der Nationalversammlung.

17, they these; to gain the popular ear, sich beim Volke Gehör 18, wieder her'stellen. 19, mit Namen benannt.

Alerandre Auguste Ledru Rollin ward Advokat, und trat 1844 in die Kammer der Deputierten, nachdem er als Advokat in vielen politischen Prozessen plaidiert hatte. Er beteiligte sich lebhaft bei der Reformagitation von 1847, ward 1848 Mitglied der provisorischen Regierung und Minister des Innern, trat jedoch schon im Juni desselben Jahres von der Regierung zurück. Im Juni 1849 mußte er wegen politischer Intriguen nach England fliehen, ward abwesend zur Deportation verurteilt und lebte seitdem als Mitglied des dortigen Revolutionskomitees in London. Im Jahre 1857 wurde er mit Mazzini eines Komplots gegen Napoleon III. angeklagt und abermals verurteilt, und kehrte endlich am 26. März 1870 infolge der Erklärung der Republik und der Amnestie nach Paris zurück, ohne sich aber an den dortigen Ereignissen hervorragend zu beteiligen. 24, made up of, welcher sich aus... gebildet hat; seething, gährend. 25, Jn mitten, followed by the Gen. 26, After 'and' supply the adv. so, which requires the constr. to be inverted. 27, Search-another. This passage would not read well in a literal version, which may be altered thus:-Where can we find in the dramatic annals of the history of the world (comp. n.) a similar one (einen gleichen).

Section 108.

EXPERIENCE IS THE BEST TEACHER

A French student of (S. 3, N. 2) medicine lodged 2 in the same house in London with a man in a fever. This poor man was constantly plagued by the nurse to drink, though he nauseated the insipid liquids that were presented to him. At last, when she 1

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3

grew more

and more importunate, he whispered in her (S. 43, N. 9, B) ear:— "For God's sake bring me a salt herring, and I will drink as much as you please!"

8

The woman indulged him in his request; he devoured the herring, drank plentifully, underwent a copious perspiration, and recovered.

The French student inserted this aphorism1o in his journal11:-" A salt herring cures 12 an Englishman in a fever."

On 13 his return to (S. 72, N. 4) France he prescribed the same remedy to the first patient in a fever to whom he was called.

The patient died; on which 1 the student inserted 15 in his journal the following note:-"N.B. Though a salt herring cures an Englishman, it 16 kills a Frenchman."-W. C. HAZLITT, ANECDOTES.

1, Lehrerin, to agree with 'experience', which is feminine in German. 2, Here place the words 'in London - fever'; a man in a fever, ein Fieberfranker. 3, Construe the sentence though- him' after the following model: Die mir gereichten geschmacklosen Getränke widern mich an. 4, Here place the adv. 'at last'; more and more importunate, immer zudringlicher. 5, Um Gotteswillen. 6, wollen. 7, to indulge a request, einer Bitte willfahren. 8, to undergo a copious perspiration, in tüchtigen Schweiß 9, genesen, str. v. 11, Form a 12, kurieren;

10, Lehrsag.

14, on

geraten (str. v.). comp. n. of 'day' and 'book' according to S. 76, N. 22, C. in a, vom. 13, Say 'When he had returned to France'. which whereupon. 15, schreiben, after which place 'following note'. 16, so stirbt ein Franzose daran.

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(From 2 an address delivered to an assemblage of young men at Edinburgh.)

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11

I3 stand before you a self-educated man. My education was that which was supplied at the humble parish schools of Scotland; and it was only when I went to Edinburgh, a poor boy, that I devoted my evenings, after the labours of the day, to the cultivation of that intellect which the Almighty has given me. From seven or eight in the morning till nine or ten at night, was I at my business as a bookseller's apprentice 10, and 11 it was only during hours after these, stolen from sleep, that I could devote myself to study. I assure you that I did not read novels 12; my attention was devoted 13 to physical science and other useful matters 14. During 15 that period I taught myself French. I look back 1 to that time with great pleasure, and am almost sorry I have not to go through the same troubles again. I reaped more pleasure when I had not a sixpence in my pocket, studying in a garret in Edinburgh, than I now find when sitting amidst all the elegancies and comforts of a parlour. -WILLIAM CHAMBERS.

1, über Selbstbildung.

18

4, was

17

2, Aus; to deliver an address to an assemblage, vor einer Versammlung eine Rede halten; young men, junge Leute. 3, I-man. This sentence does not allow of a literal rendering; say 'You see before you a man who has educated himself' (sich selbst bilden or aus bilden). Scotland = was such as (it) (eine solche, wie fie) is given (erteilen) at (in) a simple Scottish village-school. 5, The adverb 'only', when used in reference to time, is turned by 'erst', but in reference to number by ‘nur'; as— This man has only (but) one coat. Dieser Mann hat nur einen Rock. Es ist erst ein Uhr.

It is only one o'clock.

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7, Con8, 'at

6, when - boy when I, a poor boy, came to (S. 72, N. 4) Ed. strue the clause 'of-me' according to S. 48, N. 6; intellect, Geist. night', here abends, since Nacht applies only to the hours between 11 P.M. and 5 A.M. 9, at in, contracted with the Dat. of the def. art. 10, Supply here thätig (engaged). 11, Say 'and only during the later (später) hours, which I stole from sleep (dem Schlafe ab ́stehlen), could I', etc. 12, Roman', m. 13, auf naturwissenschaftliche Studien . . . gerichtet. 14, Gegenstand, m. 15, 'During that period' may be briefly rendered by damals; to teach oneself German, ohne Lehrer Deutsch studieren. 16, zurückblicken. 17, to go through troubles, Beschwerden durch machen; again, noch einmal. For the constr. see App. § 19. 18, Say When (S. 4, N. 2) I had no sixpence (Sechspfennigstück, n.) in my pocket and studied in a garret in E., I felt (fich fühlen) happier than now, when (da) I sit in an elegant and comfortable (behaglich) parlour'.

Section 110,

GOETHE'S1 DEATH.

I.

4

3

The following morning-it was the 22nd March 1832-he tried to walk a little up and down the room, but after a turn, he found himself too feeble to continue. Reseating himself in the easy chair, he chatted

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