He resented her visit to the United States and the part she had played in the anti-slavery movement. Paul at Athens was "a foreign carpetbagger," who attacked the peculiar institution of the Unknown God. Nevertheless, so far, I believe, he has escaped the reverend gentleman's reproaches.

Miss Martineau writes:

&

That Liverpool paper that you sent is among provincial journals the very lowest, much what the "Record" is among theological papers. It starts a new idea however. It never occurred to me to make money out of the North. What shall I ask? one thousand or five? But I am afraid they won't give me anything — I am such a hopeless free-trade writer. Of course it is needless; but yet I sh? like just to put you in possession of the fact that I have never made a penny of profit of the American case. I write a certain proportion of the "leaders" in "D. News" on topics of present interest w I understand: & if it had not been the American business (wh. I do understand more of than any other writer in this country) it w have been whatever other was uppermost. India is always mine; & 3 or 4 more.

The "interest" to us in that letter of Mackay's that you speak of was in seeing how far even his

impudence would go in relying on the ignorance of English readers. He has the audacity to drop out of mention the class in the South, -w is larger than the slave-owners who are only 347,000, -the hirers of slaves- & to call them "mean whites." The shopkeepers & artisans of the towns are not "mean whites." Those of them who do not own a slave or two hire negroes. The "mean whites" in the towns are the mere "loafers," such as hang about all towns. The main body are in the country. If you really have any wish to learn the facts about them you will find in the appendix to Professor Cairnes's new edition the fullest & best authorised account that exists. Mackay has done one excellent service in that part of his letter, by a singular heedlessness on his part, & on that of the Times in publishing it. He admits a fact fatal to the Southern case in showing that, by the three-fifths sufferage, every white citizen has more political power than any citizen in the North. This is the true & sufficient answer that has always been given to the Southern cant about being overborne by the tyranny of the North; & it is owing to this anti-republican & thoroughly vicious Southern privilege that the Slave Power has predominated so long. Mackay does not see what he has done in proving the great Northern point for a Southern purpose, any more than Lawley

sees what a figure he cuts in ridiculing the idea of negro regiments when the negro regiments are already proved, by their achievements, the very best in the field; — with as much valour, as much efficiency of mind & hand as any of the whites, & better discipline. It is really glorious to see what their military capacity is, & how it strikes a sudden light into Northern minds as to the true character & destiny of the people who have been so carefully kept from showing what they c do. The white officers are in high admiration.

I saw Miss Martineau at an evening party given by the old squire of Ambleside. She sat in state in an armchair, and people came up one by one to talk with her. With the shyness of boyhood I stood afar off, wondering how any one had courage to speak into her long ear-trumpet. "The ear-trumpet," wrote Hawthorne, "seems a sensible part of her, like the antennæ of some insects. If you have any little remark to make, you drop it in, and she helps you to make remarks by this delicate little appeal of the trumpet, as she slightly directs it towards you; and if you have nothing to say, the appeal is not strong enough to embarrass you." He describes her as "a large, robust, elderly woman, and plainly dressed; but withal she has so kind, cheerful, and intelligent a face that she is pleasanter to look at

than most beauties. She is the most continual talker I ever heard; it is really like the babbling of a brook, and very lively and sensible, too." Macaulay, with perhaps some of the jealousy of a rival continual talker, listening one day to the even flow of her voice, broken by nothing but the occasional fall of rubbish in a house hard by which was coming down, whispered to his neighbor:"Here falling houses thunder on your head,

And here a female atheist talks you dead."

She had lately published those Letters to Mr. Atkinson which provoked some wit to say, "Miss Martineau's creed is one of the briefest, — there is no God, and Mr. Atkinson is his prophet." In 1837, Carlyle, writing of her, said: “She pleased us far beyond expectation. She is very intelligent-looking, really of pleasant countenance, was full of talk, though, unhappily, deaf almost as a post." Nine years later it was in a very different strain that he wrote: "Miss Martineau was here and is gone; broken into utter wearisomeness, a mind reduced to three elements: Imbecility Dogmatism, and Unlimited Hope. I never in my life was more heartily bored with any creature."

Carlyle was a harsh judge when his fellow writers stood at his bar. Of Lamb, "the frolic and the gentle," he wrote: "Insuperable proclivity to gin in poor old Lamb. His talk contemptibly

small, indicating wondrous ignorance and shallowness, even when it was serious and good-mannered, which it seldom was; usually ill-mannered (to a degree), screwed into frosty artificialities, ghastly make-believe of wit. He was cockney to the marrow." Even in his cups Lamb did not lose his enjoyment of perfect verse. "Both tipsy and sober," wrote H. C. Robinson to Landor, "he is ever muttering Rose Aylmer."

Of Lamb I have the following autograph. It bears no date, but the postmark shows that it was written in 1814.

SIR, -Your explanation is perfectly pleasant to me, and I accede to your proposal most willingly.

As I began with the beginning of this month, I will if you please call upon you for your part of the engagement (supposing I shall have performed. mine) on the 1st of March next, & thence forward if it suit you quarterly - You will occasionally wink at BRISKETS & VEINY PIECES.

Your Obt Svt

Saturday.

J. SCOTT, Esq.,

C. LAMB.

3 Maida Place, Edgware road.

Briskets and veiny pieces, as a notable housewife informs me, are inferior portions of meat.