"Los Summos Pontifices en los Motus | kingdom,-but their easy leases reduced Proprios que tratan de la clausura de las this to one tenth in value. Monjas, mandan dispensar con ellas en uno de tres casas, que son guerra, fuego y epidemia, entendiendo por epidemia, la perniciosa, qui es la peste. Yo ansi lo entendi siempre, y ansi respondi a algunas personas que preterdian salir de sus monasterios para se curar de enfermedades que no eran peste."-DR. AMBROSIO NUNEZ, ff. 3. Ir seems that most monks, for want of due sleep at night, made it up by day,- | "Como hazen por la maior parte todos los Religiosos, que tienen su meridiana, que llaman de recogimento.”—Ibid. ff. 103. wwwwwm "I Do not wonder," says Johnson, "that where the monastic life is permitted, every order finds votaries, and every monastery inhabitants. Men will submit to any rule by which they will be exempted from the tyranny of caprice and of chance. They are glad to supply by external authority their own want of constancy and resolution, and court the government of others, when long experience has convinced them of their own inability to govern themselves." -BOSWELL, Vol. 1, p. 246. COLOUR of habits,—Acta SS. April, t. 3, p. 871. EVIL of monastic vows.— -J. TAYLOR, vol. 1, p. 218. ww IF Rabelais and his commentator may be trusted (as I suppose they may), the monks used to have flagons made in the shape of a book, which they called Breviaries.-Vol. 1, p. 51. ACCORDING to Harmer (Dodwell?) the monasteries held about one fifth of the "THE monks well knew how impossible it was to preserve peace betwixt two bodies of ecclesiastics having property contiguous to each other, and therefore wisely provided in most of their grants that neither their feoffees nor tenants should lease, or alienate, to Jews, nor to any religious house save their own."-SURTEES' Durham, vol. 1, p. 42. 1429. "SIR ROBERT UMFREVILL, Knt. of the Garter, founded the Chantry of Farnacres, near Ravensworth, where two chaplains were regularly to officiate according to the use of Sarum,' and perform service for the souls of the founder and all his kith, kin, and kindred, and all the knights of the Garter, and all former owners of the manor of Farnacres. The chaplains to have bed and board constantly under the roof of the chantry, and to renew their apparel, consisting of a sad and sober vest, sweeping to their heels (veste tulari), once in two years. No female to be admitted, either as a servant or otherwise, within the chantry, and the chaplains not to exercise the office of bailiff, or any other secular employment; quia frequenter dum colitur Martha, But each chaplain had expellitur Maria. two months' leave of absence annually." --Ibid. vol. 2, p. 243. THE chantry was the favourite offspring of a childless old age, "Dierum meorum relliquias recolligere, et deficientes ætatis fragmenta reponere, ac terrena in cœlestia transitoria in æterna, felici communio desiderans commutare-vespertinum offero sacrificium, non matutinum."—Ibid. "I FORGET where," says SURTEES, "is to be found a very picturesque account of a little monastery (Woolsthorpe ?) in Lincolnshire, of which the Superior and his six monastics maintained themselves in a very primitive way by husbandry, assisted their poor neighbours, and acted as physicians to the whole neighbourhood."-Ibid. vol. 3, p. 260. "LANDS were given to abbeys for their better support and entertainment of strangers."-FOSBROOKE'S Berkeley, p. 88. JOHNSON's view of the cause which made men prefer a monastic life," tired with the weight of too much liberty."-CROKER'S Boswell, vol. 1, p. 354. The Edwards. UNDER Edw. II. "the crown of England was weaker, and suffered more dishonour in both kingdoms, than at any time since the Norman conquest."-SIR J. DAVIES'S Ireland, p. 130. CLOTHIERS invited into England, and how.-FULLER, Church Hist. 14 Cent. pp. 111, 112. York and Lancaster Age. OUR civil wars were carried on with more courage and less cruelty than those of our neighbours. 1" Or selon mon advis,” says COMINES (Coll. Mem. t. 11, p. 481) "entre toutes les Seigneuries du monde dont j'ay connoissance, ou la chose publique est mieux traitée, et ou regne moins de violence sur le peuple, et ou il n'y abbatus, ny démolis pour guerre, c'est Angleterre, et tombe le sort et le malheur sur ceux qui font la guerre.” And again, p. 498, " a nuls edifices Cette grace a ce royaume d'Angleterre, par dessus les autres Macaulay uses the same illustration. See Hist. of England, vol. i. p 36. J. W. W. "LORENZO DI MEDICI's factors. "Leurs serviteurs et facteurs ont en tant de credit sous couleur de ce nom Medicis, que ce seroit merveilles a croire a ce que j'en ay veu en Flandres et en Angleterre. J'en ay veu un appellé Guerard Quanvese presque estre occasion de soustenir le Roy Edouard le quart en son estat estant en grant guerre en son Royaume d'Angleterre, et fournir, par fois audit Roy plus de six vingts mille escus, ou il fit peu de profit pour son maistre, toutesfois il recouvra ses pieces a le longue. Un autre ay veu, nommé et appellé Thomas Portunay, estre pleige entre ledit Roy Edouard, et le Duc Charles de Bourgoyne, pour cinquants mille escus, et une autre fois en un lien, pour quatre vingts mille."-Ibid. t. 12, p. 171. The Duchess Margaret of Burgundy was called his Juno. 134. The Pope complains of his applying the strong hand of law to the clergy. 135. Necessity of reforming their man ners. 136. Bull in 1489 granted for reforming the monasteries. upon 159-60. His feelings respecting church promotion, which if duly acted would alone have wrought a real reformation. 165. Blackstone wrongly characterises his laws. 166. Star Chamber intended for summary justice. Murders—the people (as now in Italy, &c.) would not arrest the murderers.-Statute, 511. 451. Benevolences designed to favour the people-who in fact were feared. Evils arising from maintenance, i. e. the protection which great men afforded to their dependants-one cause for the Star Chamber.-Statutes, 2, 509. Abduction made felony.-Ibid. 512. Maximum of woollen cloth. No one to retail a broad yard of woollen cloth of the finest making scarlet, grayned what colour soever it be, above the price of 16 shillings a broad yard; any other colour out of grayne, or any maner of russet of the finest, not above 11s.—Ibid. 533. Ely named among the 167. Vagabonds—police. — Ibid. 569. for business.-Ibid. 518. Note the prelude.-656. 168. Alienation of estates facilitated. principal towns Price of hats and caps. and Kapmakers doth sell "Hatmakers their hats and caps at such an outrageous price, that when Benefit of Clergy restricted. "Persons Great care of the sewers (i. e. drains in the marsh lands) and of the Thames fishery, and others.-Ibid. 539-544. Depopulation of the Isle of Wight.-Ibid. 540. Forging of foreign coin.-Ibid. 540. Collusive actions.-Ibid. 543. People destroyed the fish at unlawful seasons to feed their pigs, and manure the ground with them.-Ibid. 544. Good effect of this Act, 554, and great use of fish. upon the embroiderers This sum is called abatements and deductions-and is said to be abated and allowed.-Ibid. 644. No member of Parliament was to be Collector of a fifteenth,—but this was an exemption from an onerous service.—Ibid. 2, 556. Persons taking money for forbearing to make any one a collector to be committed to ward, and fined in ten times the amount of the bribe.-Ibid. Excessive taking of wages contrary to the statutes of labourers and artificers.— Ibid. 570. Because jurors could not be found who would "present the truth," Justices of Assize and of the Peace were empowered to try and punish offences upon information without indictment-in all cases not extending to life or limb.-Ibid. 570. least by the year. A Statute of 7 Henry IV. c. 17, forbids any person to apprentice son or daughter within any city or town, unless the parents had lands or rents to the value of 20s. at See it, its causes, and provisions, vol. 2, p. 157. Repealed in favour of the worsted weavers and clothiers at Norwich.-Ibid. 577, 636. The repeal confirmed.-Ibid. 662. Extortions of Sheriffs and their officers, -in commencing actions-giving the defendants no notice and exacting fines for their non-appearance.—Ibid. 579. Fustians the most profitable cloth for wear,-roguery in preparing them by burning instead of shearing.-Ibid. 591. The Londoners sought to monopolize all trade to themselves. Merchant adventurers, wherever they dwelt, used to have free passage, resort, course, and recourse with their wares to foreign parts, Spain, Portugal, Frauds practised -in the importation of Venice, Florence, and Genoa gold.-Ibid. 545. Malmsey came from Candy, and the price not to exceed £4 per have laid a tax of four. butt. The Venetians Something in the nature of a poor rate here, 7 Henry VII. two 15ths and from each in relief, comfort, and discharge vile, (Seville? or Sicile ?) Venice, Danske, 10ths being granted. £6000 was deducted Bretagne, Ireland, Normandy, France, Ciof the poor towns, cities, and burghs of this Estland, and Friseland, and others divers occurs realm, wasted, desolate, and destroyed, or greatly impoverished, over or else to such and many places, and also to the coasts of Flanders, Holland, Zealand, and Brabant greatly charged-to be and other places thereto nigh adjoining un 15th and 10th over divided according to Ibid. 555, 642. former example. der the obeisance of the Archduke of Burgoyn, in which places the universal marts be commonly holden four times in the year, to which marts all Englishmen and divers other nations in times past used to resort, there to sell and utter the commodities of their countries, and freely to buy again such things as seemed to them most necessary and expedient for their profit and the weal of the country and parts they be come from. But now the fellowship of the mercers, and other merchants and adventurers dwelling and being free within the City of London, by confederacy made among themself of their uncharitable and inordinate covetise, for their singular profit and lucre, contrary to every Englishman's liberty, and to the liberty of the said mart, have made an ordinance that no Englishman shall buy or sell there without paying to them a fine of £20. This fine began by colour of a fraternity of St. Thomas of Canterbury, and was originally only half an old noble sterling: by colour of such feigned holiness it was suffered, and increased to 100 shillings Flemish, and was now thus raised. This had the effect from excluding all who were not of the said Fellowship from the marts, and procuring for the Londoners the cloths which the country dealers used to carry abroad, but had now no vent for except in London, where they must take what the Londoners pleased to give. On the other hand, they had to purchase foreign commodities in London also, at so dear and exceeding high price that the buyer could not live upon the profit, and thus all the cities, towns, and burghs of this realm were fallen into great poverty, ruin, and decay. A fine of ten marks was now ordered to be paid.-Statute, 2, 638. Benefit of Clergy taken from lay persons murdering their lord, master, or sovereign immediate.-Ibid. 639. Restraint on Corporations and Companies.-Ibid. 652. All prisons, except such as were held by right of inheritance or succession, put under the Sheriff's keeping, to prevent collusive which had hitherto been pun escapes, ished only by fines so small as to be inefficient. Ibid. 654. Attempt made at Worcester, Gloucester, other places, and by men in the Forest of Dean, to levy a toll upon the navigation of the Severn, put an end to-Ibid. 662-unless proof of such right could be made. ERASMUS calls him "regum longe cordatissimus."-Ep. p. 73. EFFECTS of this policy traced by HARRINGTON, who says that by weakening the nobles he "first began to open those sluices that have since overwhelmed not the king only, but the throne."-Oceana, p. 64. HENRY, then Richmond, on his march from Milford, lodged one night with his friend Davydd Llwyd at Matha-farn. vydd had the reputation of seeing into the future, and Richmond, whether in super Da stition or compliment, privately enquired of him what would be the issue of his adventure. Such a question, he was told, was too important to be immediately answered; but in the morning a reply should be made. The wife of Davydd saw that her husband was unusually grave during the evening; and having learnt the cause, she said, How can you have any difficulty about your Tell him he will succeed gloriously. If he does, you will receive honours and rewards;—but if it fails depend upon will never come here to reproach you. Hence it is said a Welsh proverb, A wife's advice without asking it. ton, vol. 1, p. 310. swer? 6 an it he Cambro Bri into London in a horseback, or |