and it is well known that many distinguished families in Scotland bear such a boar's head in their coats of arms. Meriones, the great friend of Idomeneus, I take to represent Denmark or Jutland, as well because his troops are said to be stationed last in point of position, Μηριόνης, δ' αρα οι τύματας ώτρυνε φαλαγγας, with analogy to Jutland's having that sort of position, (inasmuch as it constitutes the terminating point of the more important parts of Europe,) as because the name of Mиgions would seem to be derivable from ungos, agreeing with the circumstance that Denmark or Jutland has a resemblance in shape to the human thigh. A strong confirmation of what was just now said of Nestor and the English will arise from a consideration of the character of Menestheus, who is noticed in the following lines of the catalogue, 2 Il. 546. Ο δ' Αθηνασ είχαν Των αυθ' ηγεμόνευε υίος Πετεωο Μενεσθεύς I take this hero to represent Holland and Flanders, both remarkable in all ages for their various manufactures of linen, coarse and fine; a circumstance, which the derivation of the name of Μενεσθεύς, (man and εσθής, εσθητος cloth, would seem to imply. The pit or hole of the Zuyder Zee, in Holland, (Hole-land,) is pointed to by the word Πετεώο ; and the great skill of the Dutch in horsemanship, (or rather seamanship), in which the English alone, (Nestor,) could contend with them, is alluded to by, ιππ8ς ; and for reasons (not now assigned), I strongly incline to think that the denomination of Alvaro has a regard to maritime countries in general, and from thence in a particular manner to England. Hol land's being a newer or younger country than England, (that is, as being gained from the sea, as in great part it has been, by the driving of piles and by embankments,) is implied by the term TOYEVεσTEROS, applied to Nestor. Finally, by the word ασπιδιωτας, I apprehend an allusion to be intended to the shape of a shield, which Flanders in general exhibits, and more especially to the numerous fortresses with which it abounds, it being a part of ancient Burgundy, to which there is a particular reference by the word Tugyou in the following lines, in which Menestheus is again noticed; as eye may allude to the ice which takes fast hold in the countries of Holland and Flanders, 12 II. 331. Τις δε ιδων ριγής υιος Πετεώο Μενεσθεύς Το γαρ δη προς πυργον ισαν κακοτητα φεροντες and again, 12 II. 373. Εντε Μενεσθηος μεγαθυμε πυργον ικοντο I have now observed upon most of the principal heroes of both the Greeks and Trojans; but there remain without doubt several more of considerable rank, upon whom remarks will hereafter be made in their turn: but as to the multitude of inferior characters, named in the Iliad, I cannot undertake to notice them, 2 II. 448. Πληθυν δ' εκ αν εγώ μυθήσομαι εδ' ονομήνω Ουδ' ει δεκα μεν γλώσσαι δεκα δε στοματ' ειεν, though the truth with which they are drawn proves that the poet had the most accurate and minute knowledge of the countries which they represent. But in pursuit of my intention, to bring under view in these chapters the geographical notices of the poet, of the larger kind, I proceed to remark upon a few other countries not hitherto mentioned, and which may come more naturally under review in this first chapter than elsewhere. Of the countries bordering upon Denmark or Jutland just now mentioned, the following lines seem to contain a notice; 2 Il. 638 Αιτωλων δ' ηγειτο Θοας Ανδραίμονος υιος By AITWλw I apprehend we should understand the Swedes, whose country borders upon the pass at the mouth of the Baltic, at which, in all ages, the famous tolls have been collected; by AvdgaMwv (from avg and aqua,) Russia, with allusion to the bloody or red colour of the rose (Russia, rose-dia;) by Aevov, the country of Holstein; by Пuλ (from wλa, janua), the country the coast of which forms the entrance into the Baltic at the Cattegat; by Χαλκιδα αγχιαλον, the rocky (xaλxos, brass) country of Norway, bordering on the Atlantic Ocean; and by Kaλudava, Denmark. In regard to the countries of Europe still fur |