ther north, the following lines seem clearly to be descriptive of the remotest parts : 2 II. 828, Οιδ' Αδρήστειαν είχον και δημον Απαισε Και Πιτυειαν εχον Των ηρχ Αδρηστος τε και Αμφιος λινοθώρηξ. are to be The names of Αδρηστος and Αδρηστεια derived perhaps from a priv. and δρα ; and thus (by alluding to the snows which put an end to agricultural labours,) mark the countries in question to be Lapland, as (by δημον Απαίσε) we should probably understand Iceland; while Πιτυειαν refers to the pine trees which abound in those high northern latitudes, and the space through which the arctic line passes there, is expressed by λινοθώρηξ ; as Αμφιος denotes that line to be circular. In the following lines, 2 II. 734, Οι δ' εχον Ορμένιον, οι τε κρήνην Υπέρειαν the name Оgμaviov would seem to be referable to Armenia, which lies between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea; xe to the river Wolga; YεΥπε gav, to the Caspian Sea itself; the term denoting that that sea and its great river Wolga are perfectly inland, (υπερ αιαν). Αστεριον relates to the city of Astracan, at the mouth of the Wolga. Τιτανοιο λευκα καρήνα seem to refer to the snowy mountains, in which lie the sources of the Don, or Tanais, (TiTavolo), which falls into the Black Sea, but has a course in the same direction, and bordering upon the Wolga; Eugumuhos has been before explained to be referable to the Black Sea itself; and by the allusion to the blood-colour, or redness of a rose, (in the word αιμα in Ευαίμονος,) there would seem to be here also a reference to Russia, whose provinces extend to the Black Sea, Much has already been said of Africa, in treating of various characters, but a few words more may be added upon that continent, with reference to Sarpedon, 2 II. 576, Σαρπηδων δ' ηρχεν Λυκιών. I derive his name from Ζαρα επι αιδων ; and by an allusion to the great Desert of Barbary, called Zara, and to what I have before observed of aids, I take this hero to represent the negro race (thus once more represented,) which inhabits the district in question: for though the term AuxXIOL may contain an allusion to λɛuxos, white, yet do I understand by it the very reverse of λευκος : just as the poet used the word xaλλotos in the same ironical sense, in speaking of Nigus. In Νιρευς. the following lines of a speech of Sarpedon: 5 II. 578, Και γαρ εγων, επικέρος εων, μαλα τηλοθεν ήκω Ενθ' άλοχον τε φιλην ελιπον και νήπιον υιον the word Expos denotes that the blacks are the slaves of the whites; and the remainder of the passage, that, as such, they are transported to a distance, (and a great distance, Maλa τnλolev,) from Aux, (the ironically-disguised name of their own country), situate upon the yellow or golden sands of the river Gain, (implied by Ea), and that they are separated from their wives, children, and possessions, alluding particularly perhaps (by иinμaтa woλλα), to the gold dust which they collect in their own country, and barter for European produce. Other quotations will be made hereafter which tend to prove the very ancient transportation of the negroes from Africa. On the western side of Africa, the island of St. Helena seems to be alluded to under the character of Exavos, in 12 II. 94, while on its eastern side that of Socotora, near the entrance into the Arabian Gulf, is noticed, about the middle of the 11th Iliad, under the character of Ewxos; and the allusion to blood, in the 458th line there, Αιμα τε οι σπασθέντος ανέσσυτο, refers to the name of the Erythræan, or Red Sea, which washes its shores. The great island of Madagascar, on this same side of Africa, seems to me to be represented with much detail in the 10th Iliad, under the character of Dolon, but I shall merely observe upon it here, that the helmet of Dolon, 10 Il. 335, Κρατι δ' επι κτιδέην κυνέην, has a reference to the general form of the Island of Madagascar, which has the shape of a weazel (xTide) with its head and back towards India; and the particular point to which the head of the weazel is turned, namely, Bombay, appears to be covertly noticed by the word βαμβαινων, in the 375th line following, -0 ୪ ας εςη ταρβήσεντε, βαμβαίνων· Being now arrived once more in India, and having already exceeded the limits of what some writers have thought to have been known to the ancients in geography; (and indeed it was not far from Bombay, namely, in the province of Guze |