volcanoes of Peru, of which the marshy plains of that province are composed, and this is still further probable on considering that there is an ancient gem or piece of statuary, (copied I think in Mr. D'Hancarville's researches)* in which abull (relative to which the reader is desired to recollect the position of the prototype of the sign of Taurus, in treating of the Zodiac in the beginning of the

* See Recherches sur les Arts, vol. i. pl. viii. The passage in the Treatise on the Worship of Priapus just now referred to is as follows: "The Urus or wild bull is represented on innumerable Greek medals, in the act of butting against the egg of Chaos, and breaking it with his horns, It is true that the egg is not represented with the bull on any of those which I have seen; but Mr. D'Hancarville has brought exa ples from other countries, &c. &c." In my opinion most of these medals with the bull upon them are to be referred to the Atlantic Sea, or prototype of the sign Taurus, as explained in the last volume. And this view of the Taurus will serve to explain the fable of Europa and the bull, and the gem consequently that records that fable, as engraved in the 1st vol. of Sandby's Horace, No. 17; Europa obviously representing the continent of that name.

fifth volume) is represented butting such an egg with his horns; the egg from its position in respect to the prototype of Taurus being clearly referable to its likeness in this province: this egg-shape may possibly have given name to the ague itself, as having its origin in this and the neighbouring countries, which, from the unwholesome effects of the waters, stated by geographers to be stagnant there for half a year (but which, during the other half, are somewhat dispersed, and then occasionally deposit their impurities upon the shores of other countries,) seem, as before observed, to be the primary focus of ague, fever, and pestilence.

As to the part of South America on the other side of the Amazon, a most accurate poetical description of it, and particularly of Peru, is contained in the 80 or 100 lines that follow the

57th of the 10th Odyssey. In the term Aaus there, we have a reference to the lamas (a very remarkable sort of sheep) of Peru, which are again alluded to by the expressions agrupa unλa and

ποιμενι ποιμην.

The labours of the natives,

employed by the European settlers in digging in the mines, are beautifully alluded to in the 86th line, where the darkness of the mines (vUXTOS) is contrasted with their being situated just under the equator (implied by nuatos). I am inclined to think also, that in the word Eyys, there is an allusion to the Incas of Peru, and that they had been before alluded to by the same word in the 30th line,

Και δη πυρπολεοντας ελευσσομέν εγγυς εοντας.

The λιμην κλυτος, at which Ulysses arrives would appear to be that very secure harbour on the west coast of South America (quære whether that of Lima, or not) of which so accurate a description is given in the voyage of the unfortunate Peyrouse; and the picture which the poet has given of it, in mentioning the erg batos,

and the very tranquil state of the bay, with the total absence of all tides there (στε μεν στ' ολίγον), agrees with that description so closely, that one is struck with admiration on comparing them together.

The words o d'avεw EyeVoνTO (71) convey an intimation of the silence and stupidity of the native Americans, and oid ava buμov εlaμbεov (63) of the wonder with which they must have surveyed the Europeans on their first arrival: ελθοντεςδ' ες δωμα παρα σταθμοισι may refer to the passing of Ulysses to the south of the equator (waga oraluoo); for it is particularly to be noticed, that the description given by the poet is of a river-voyage, inland, from east to west, up the river Amazon. The mistakes made by persons who sail up the river, with a view to trace it to its source, (owing to the circumstance of confounding the various rivers which fall into it with the principal river itself,) are noticed under the words Λύσαν μ' ετάροι τε κακοι (68). The liability to such mistakes by those who navigate up the river is particularly noticed by the travellers Don G. Juan and Don A. d'Ulloa, above quoted, who also mention (if I recollect right) the disposition to sleep with which such navigators are commonly seized, προς τοισι δε ύπνος TXETRIOS (68). And the great fatigue of rowing

so long against the stream of the river, is noticed. in the 78th line,

Τείρετο δ' ανδρων θυμος υπ' ειρεσίης αλεγεινής.

The last part of the passage referred to, from line 95 to the end, is descriptive of the more southern part of the country in question; and it is for the reader to pronounce whether the 102d line,

Ανδρε δύω κρινας τρίτατον κηρυχ' αμ' οπασσας

does not contain a plain allusion to the two provinces of Tucuman, avope duw, (implied again afterwards by TEXE and avopa, in the 118th and 121st lines, as well as to the province of la Paz, οπασσας, and to the city of Santa Cruz, unguna, (both before implied by κηρυκατ' οπασσάμενος, in the 59th line,) all adjoining each other, and situate in the southern part of Peru, itself covertly hinted at (by Пepovrεs) in the 124th

line.

The river Plate seems to be represented by Antiphates, whose name itself may have a relation