Sacra ferens? Nosco crinis incanaque menta 810 815 820 825 830 811. Regis, Numa.-812. Cures, a town of the Sabines, whence, according to some accounts, the name given to the Romans of Quirites. See vii. 710.-815. Tullus Hostilius, the third king of Rome.--816. Ancus Martius, the fourth king of Rome.-818. In mentioning the Tarquinii, Priscus and Superbus, he may include the sixth king, Servius Tullius, as the son-in-law of the former, and his heir.-819. Bruti, the first Brutus, who was one of the principal agents in gaining for the people the power indicated by the fasces-the bundles of rods carried before the chief rulers of the state, and which originally, even in the time of the consuls, had the secures (820) attached to them.-821. Alluding to the well-known condemnation to death of the sons of Brutus, by Brutus himself.-825. Two of the Decii, father and son, devoted themselves in battle. Of the Drusi, there were many celebrated, but they are mentioned here probably as a compliment to Livia, the second wife of Augustus, who was of the family.-826. Torquatus, as is well known, put to death his son, for engaging (though successfully) in single combat contrary to his orders. Camillum. The reference is to the victory of Camillus over the Gauls.-827. Illae, &c. Pompey and Julius Caesar.-830. Observe attigerint, ciebunt. Their reaching the light of life, is to precede their bloody provocation.-831. Socer. Caesar's daughter, Julia, was married to Pompey. As is well known, Caesar's troops were composed of those veterans who had fought with him in Gaul; hence aggeribus (montibus) Alpinis, and arce Monoeci Herculis, a promontory, with a temple of Hercules Monoecus, at the foot of the Maritime Alps: while the forces of Pompey were principally from the east (Eoïs, see at ii. 417). Descendens, gener adversis instructus Eoïs. 835 840 Quis te, magne Cato, tacitum, aut te, Cosse, relinquat? Quis Gracchi genus, aut geminos, duo fulmina belli, 845 Quo fessum rapitis, Fabii? tu Maximus ille es, Credo equidem-vivos ducent de marmore vultus, 850 Sic pater Anchises, atque haec mirantibus addit: 855 836. See at i. 534.-837. Ille. L. Mummius, who took Corinth, B. C. 146. Observe the construction, as if we could say, triumphare Corinthum. The crowning act of a triumph was a sacrifice and banquet in the Capitol. -839. Ïlle, &c. The allusion is probably to L. Aemilius Paulus, who defeated, B. C. 168, Perseus, king of Macedonia-the kings of Macedonia boasting of being descended from Achilles (Aeaciden; see i. 99). This is poetically magnified into the conquest of Greece. See i. 283.-841. Templa, &c. There is here probably an allusion to the theft of the Palladium. See at ii. 165.-842. Cato the Censor probably is meant. Cossus slew Tolumnius, a chief of the Veïentes, and obtained the second spolia opima. See at 856.-843. Gracchi genus, the distinguished race of the Gracchi, two of whom were celebrated as consuls, and two as tribunes of the people.-844. The allusion is to the Scipios, who were the scourge of Africa.-845. Fabricius distinguished himself against Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. C. Atilius, whose dictatorship was announced to him while engaged in sowing; hence his surname, Serranus.—846. Of all the celebrated clan of the Fabii, he selects Maximus Cunctator (cunctando), the cautious opponent of Hannibal.-847. This line is said to be taken from Ennius.-848, &c. An animated apostrophe to the Roman race, and a comparison between their superiority in war, and that of the Greeks in the arts of peace-statuary in bronze and marble, eloquence, and astronomy.-851. Radio. See at Ecl. iii. 41.-852. Tu, emphatic. 860 Aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis 870 875 880 856. Marcellus was consul B. C. 222, when he slew on horseback (eques), with his own hand, Viridomarus, a prince of the Insubrian Gauls, then engaged in a tumultus in the north of Italy. Hence he obtained the third spolia opima. He was also one of the most gallant generals that contended against Hannibal (Poenos). -860. Quirino. A name for the deified Romulus.-861, &c. This is one of the most noted passages of the Aeneid, commemorating the death of M. Claudius Marcellus, nephew of Augustus, son of the emperor's sister Octavia, who was destined by Augustus to succeed him, but who died, in his twentieth year, B. c. 23.-866. Instar may infer likeness to his father, but some think that it expresses majesty, by a rare use of the word.870. Referring to his youth when he died.-874. Campus, the wellknown (ille) Campus Martius. Tiberinus was the name of the rivergod. See viii. 31.-875. His funeral rites were celebrated by Augustus with the utmost magnificence, and his remains were deposited in the burial-place of the Julian family, erected on the Campus Martius, a little before, by Augustus.-877. Romula, the more common form is Romulea. -880. Tulisset; 881. iret; indicating what he would have done, in the event of his attacking the enemy-which, however, did not happen. Seu spumantis equi foderet calcaribus armos. Sic tota passim regione vagantur 885 Quae postquam Anchises natum per singula duxit, 890 Exin bella viro memorat quae deinde gerenda, 900 883. Si includes a wish (187) as well as a hypothesis.-884. Thou shalt be a Marcellus, worthy of the name.' This passage, read by Virgil to Augustus and Octavia, is said to have excited overpowering emotions in the mother's heart. Mănibus, &c. Alluding to a practice, common still in many countries, of strewing graves with flowers.885. Purpureos, referring probably to their beauty. See at Ecl. ix. 40. -893. Laurentum, on the coast south of the Tiber, was the residence of king Latinus. It was said to derive its name from the laurels with which it abounded (vii. 59, &c). The allusion is to the war between Aeneas and the Latins, the subject of the next six books.-894. See iii. 459.-895, &c. It is not easy to see why Virgil has chosen this method of dismissing Aeneas and the Sibyl from Hades. The description of the two gates is borrowed from Homer, Od. xix. 562. Nor can a satisfactory reason be given why they leave through the portal of false dreams. Does Virgil mean to insinuate that it was more capacious than the other?-902. Caieta, said to be named from the nurse of Aeneas, who died there, viii. 1-a promontory and town of Latium. Recto litore, means 'in a straight line along the shore.' See a similar expression, viii. 57, recto flumine, 'straight up the river.' The anchor was thrown from the prow, which remained in deep water, while the sterns were fixed on the shore. See 3. LIBER VII. THE nurse of Aeneas dies, and gives name to Caieta (see at vi. 900). After which he sails northwards, 1-9. By the favour of Neptune, the fleet is wafted safe, during the night, past Circaei, the supposed residence of the sorceress Circe (see p. 189, line 13), in Virgil's time joined to the main land, though they hear the sounds of the beasts, into which the potions of the goddess have changed her unhappy visitors, 10-24. At dawn, they enter the mouth of the Tiber, 25-36. About to narrate the war between the Trojans and the Latins, Virgil invokes the Muse, 37-44. Latinus was formerly king of the country, and had one daughter, for whose hand Turnus was a suitor, favoured by her mother Amata, 44-57. The marriage, however, was opposed by various evil portents, 57-80. Latinus consults the oracle of Faunus at Albunea, whose precise locality is disputed, and is warned that he must give his daughter in marriage to a stranger, 81-101. This response was well known in Latium when Aeneas arrived, 102-106. Aeneas and his chiefs going on shore and feasting, eat the bread which Iulus sportively calls their tables, and thus the dreadful prophecy of the Harpies (iii. 255, &c.) is explained away, 107-119. Overjoyed, Aeneas proclaims a solemn festival in honour of the gods, their distinct place of settlement being now ascertained, 120-147. Next day, after partially exploring the Tiber, and the adjoining Numicius, Aeneas sends deputies to Laurentum (see at vi. 891), where they find the youth engaged in various sports, 148165. Latinus admits the Trojans to an interview, and proffers them hospitable shelter, 166-211. Informed that they want a settlement and peace, Latinus deems that Aeneas is the stranger referred to by the oracle, offers him his daughter in marriage, and dismisses the deputies with costly presents, 212-285. Juno, flying through the heavens, sees that the Trojans have deserted the ships, and determines, if she cannot prevent their ultimate success, to retard it by war, 286-322. She summons from the lower world the Fury Alecto, whom she instructs to kindle war, 323-340. Amata, stung by Alecto's art, first remonstrates with Latinus against the projected marriage, 341 - 372. She becomes wild at his rejection of her remonstrance, and conveys her daughter to the woods, pretending to celebrate the rites of Bacchus (see at iv. 301). She is joined by the women of Latium, 392-405. Alecto betakes herself eastward to Ardea, the city of Turnus, king of the Rutuli, a Latian tribe, where she finds the prince asleep, 406-301. She presents herself in a vision as the aged priestess of Juno, and stirs him to oppose Aeneas, 415434. Turnus treats the matter lightly, on which Alecto discloses herself, and he awakes, roused to frenzy, 435-466. He assembles his warriors, determined on war against Aeneas, and Latinus also, if the latter should refuse to join him, 467-474. Iulus happened to be T |