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Namque ferunt fama Hippolytum, postquam arte

novercae

Occiderit patriasque explerit sanguine poenas

Turbatis distractus equis, ad sidera rursus
Aetheria et superas coeli venisse sub auras,
Paeoniis revocatum herbis et amore Dianae.

765

Tum Pater omnipotens, aliquem indignatus ab umbris 770
Mortalem infernis ad lumina surgere vitae,
Ipse repertorem medicinae talis et artis

Fulmine Phoebigenam Stygias detrusit ad undas.
At Trivia Hippolytum secretis alma recondit
Sedibus, et nymphae Egeriae nemorique relegat,
Solus ubi in silvis Italis ignobilis aevum
Exigeret, versoque ubi nomine Virbius esset.
Unde etiam templo Triviae lucisque sacratis
Cornipedes arcentur equi, quod litore currum
Et juvenem monstris pavidi effudere marinis.
Filius ardentes haud secius aequore campi
Exercebat equos curruque in bella ruebat.

Ipse inter primos praestanti corpore Turnus
Vertitur arma tenens, et toto vertice supra est.
Cui triplici crinata juba galea alta Chimaeram
Sustinet, Aetnaeos efflantem faucibus ignis,
Tam magis illa fremens et tristibus effera flammis,
Quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae.
At levem clipeum sublatis cornibus Io
Auro insignibat, jam setis obsita, jam bos,
Argumentum ingens, et custos virginis Argus,
Caelataque amnem fundens pater Inachus urna,
Insequitur nimbus peditum, clipeataque totis
Agmina densentur campis, Argivaque pubes

775

780

785

790

765. Novercae. Phaedra (see at vi. 444), enraged at her stepson for rejecting her love, had falsely accused him to Theseus. He besought his father Neptune to punish the youth. Neptune sent sea-monsters, which frightened the horses that were drawing the chariot of Hippolytus, who was thrown out and killed.-769. Paeonüs, from IIaív, the name of Apollo, as the god who patronises physic.-773. Phoebigenam, Aesculapius.-785. Chimaeram. See at vi. 286.-786. Aetnaeos. See at viii. 419-789. Io, daughter of Inachus (see at 286), beloved by Jupiter, and changed into a cow, through fear of Juno's jealousy. Juno begged the cow from Jupiter, and set Argus, the hundred-eyed, to watch her. For the reason why Turnus had on his shield the Argive legend (argumentum), see 371.

Auruncaeque manus, Rutuli veteresque Sicani
Et Sacranae acies et picti scuta Labici;
Qui saltus, Tiberine, tuos, sacrumque Numici
Litus arant, Rutulosque exercent vomere collis,
Circaeumque jugum, quis Jupiter Anxurus arvis
Praesidet, et viridi gaudens Feronia luco;
Qua Saturae jacet atra palus, gelidusque per imas
Quaerit iter vallis atque in mare conditur Ufens.
Hos super advenit Volsca de gente Camilla,
Agmen agens equitum et florentis aere catervas,
Bellatrix, non illa colo calathisve Minervae
Femineas assueta manus, sed proelia virgo
Dura pati cursuque pedum praevertere ventos.
Illa vel intactae segetis per summa volaret
Gramina, nec teneras cursu laesisset aristas;
Vel mare per medium fluctu suspensa tumenti
Ferret iter, celeris nec tingueret aequore plantas.
Illam omnis tectis agrisque effusa juventus
Turbaque miratur matrum et prospectat euntem,
Attonitis inhians animis, ut regius ostro
Velet honos levis humeros, ut fibula crinem
Auro internectat, Lyciam ut gerat ipsa pharetram
Et pastoralem praefixa cuspide myrtum.

795

800

805

810

815

796. Picti scuta, the accusative of limitation.-799. Quis, quibus.-806. Assueta manus, the accusative of limitation.-811. Observe the dactyls, representing rapidity of motion. And compare ii. 68; viii. 452, 596. On this subject Pope says

'Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain,

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Flies o'er the unbending corn, and skims along the main.
Essay on Criticism, 372, 373.

-816. The Lycians (iv. 143) were known as skilful archers.

LIBER VIII.

VIRGIL repeats his statement of the confederacy against Aeneas, 1-8. Aid is sought from Diomede, Aeneas's old enemy (see at i. 97), and who had founded Argyrippa, or Arpi (see x. 28), a town in Apulia, 9-17. Perplexity of Aeneas, 18-25. The river-god appears to him as he sleeps on the Tiber's bank, 26-35. He confirms him in his projected settlement, and advises him to seek aid from the Arcadian Evander, son of Mercury and Carmenta, who had founded Pallanteum, on the spot afterwards named the Palatine Hill, 36-65. Aeneas awakes and invokes the Nymphs and Thybris, 66-78. An omen foretold by Helenus (iii. 389, &c.), and by the river-god appears, as he is preparing to ascend the river, with two galleys, 79-85. Aeneas and his followers row up the gentle Tiber early in the morning, 86-96. At mid-day they come in sight of Evander's humble settlement, 97-101. The Arcadians happened to be celebrating a sacred festival in honour of Hercules, and Pallas, Evander's son, angrily inquires why their solemn rites are interrupted, 102-114. On hearing who they are, he gives them a friendly welcome, 115-125. Aeneas urges a league upon Evander, 126151. This is acceded to, 152-171. Evander invites the Trojans to join in the celebration of the festival, with which Aeneas complies, 172183. EPISODE OF CACUS.* Evander narrates how the festival arose from the benefit conferred on the land by its deliverance from the monster Cacus, whom Hercules slew, 184-275. At Evander's invitation, all renew the joyful rites, and hymn the praises of Hercules, 276-305. They return to the city, and, on the road, Evander gives an account of the early history of the surrounding country, 306-335. He points out localities afterwards famed in Roman story; and Aeneas reposes under his humble roof, 336-368. Venus asks Vulcan for armour for her son, to which the fire-god willingly assents, 369-406. Vulcan repairs to Lipare, where was the workshop of the Cyclopes, and sets them to fabricate the promised armour, 407-453. At early dawn, Evander holds a conference with Aeneas, 454-469. Apologising for his own scanty assistance, he advises him to secure the aid of the Etrurians, who had revolted from Mezentius, and places under him at the same time his beloved son Pallas, 470-519. The divine armour clangs and gleams in the heavens while they are thus engaged, 520-529. Encouraged by this, Aeneas, with part of his followers, prepares to visit the Etrurians, 530-559. Parting address of Evander to Aeneas and Pallas, 560-584. Aeneas proceeds and reaches the camp of the Etrurians, near Caere, 585-607. Venus brings her son * An Episode ('Erródiov), in Epic poetry, is a subordinate narrative, naturally rising out of, but not essential to, the main action, introduced to give a graceful variety to the poem. The two principal Episodes in the Aeneid, are this of Cacus, and the adventures of Nisus and Euryalus, narrated in Book IX.

the armour, on which he gazes with admiration, 608-624. The shield contained the events of Rome's history, in different compartments, 625-629. I. Romulus and Remus, 630-634. II. Rape of the Sabine women, and consequent war, and the union of the two nations, 635641. III. Punishment of Mettus Fufetius, 642-645. IV. Porsenna's attack on Rome, 646-650. V. Manlius hurling down the Gauls, 651662. VI. A procession of the priests of Mars and Pan, 663-666. VII. The infernal regions, with traitors, as Catiline, punished, and patriots apart, with Cato presiding over them, 667-670. VIII. Battle of Actium, gorgeously described, 671-713. IX. Triumphant entrance of Octavianus (Augustus) into Rome, 714-728. Delight of Aeneas, 729-731.

UT belli signum Laurenti Turnus ab arce
Extulit, et rauco strepuerunt cornua cantu,
Utque acris concussit equos, utque impulit arma,
Extemplo turbati animi, simul omne tumultu
Conjurat trepido Latium, saevitque juventus
Effera. Ductores primi Messapus et Ufens
Contemptorque deum Mezentius undique cogunt
Auxilia, et latos vastant cultoribus agros,
Mittitur et magni Venulus Diomedis ad urbem,
Qui petat auxilium, et, Latio consistere Teucros,
Advectum Aenean classi victosque Penatis
Inferre et fatis regem se dicere posci,

5

10

Edoceat, multasque viro se adjungere gentis

Dardanio, et late Latio increbrescere nomen.

Quid struat his coeptis, quem, si fortuna sequatur,
Eventum pugnae cupiat, manifestius ipsi,
Quam Turno regi, aut regi apparere Latino.

15

Talia per Latium. Quae Laomedontius heros
Cuncta videns magno curarum fluctuat aestu;

Atque animum nunc huc celerem, nunc dividit illuc, 20
In partisque rapit varias perque omnia versat:
Sicut aquae tremulum labris ubi lumen aënis
Sole repercussum aut radiantis imagine Lunae
Omnia pervolitat late loca, jamque sub auras
Erigitur summique ferit laquearia tecti.

Nox erat, et terras animalia fessa per omnis

25

35

1. Belli Signum; vexillum. Laurenti. See vi. 891. Turnus. For the reason why Turnus, and not Latinus, took charge of the war, see vii. 599, 618.-6. Messapus. See vii. 691. Ufens. See vii. 744.-7. Mezentius. See vii. 647.-12. Construe, Aenean dicere se posci regem fatis.-15. This is to arouse the fears of Diomede, as the deadly enemy of the Trojans.18. Laomedontius heros. Aeneas. See vi. 648.-19, 20. See iv. 285, 286.

Alituum pecudumque genus sopor altus habebat:
Cum pater in ripa gelidique sub aetheris axe
Aeneas, tristi turbatus pectora bello,
Procubuit seramque dedit per membra quietem.
Huic deus ipse loci fluvio Tiberinus amoeno
Populeas inter senior se attollere frondes
Visus; eum tenuis glauco velabat amictu
Carbasus, et crinis umbrosa tegebat arundo;

30

Tum sic affari et curas his demere dictis:

35

'O sate gente deum, Trojanam ex hostibus urbem

Qui revehis nobis aeternaque Pergama servas,
Exspectate solo Laurenti arvisque Latinis,

Hic tibi certa domus, certi, ne absiste, Penates;
Neu belli terrere minis; tumor omnis et irae
Concessere deum.

Jamque tibi, ne vana putes haec fingere somnum,
Litoreis ingens inventa sub ilicibus sus,
Triginta capitum fetus enixa, jacebit,
Alba, solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati.
Hic locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum,
Ex quo ter denis urbem redeuntibus annis
Ascanius clari condet cognominis Albam.

Haud incerta cano. Nunc qua ratione, quod instat,
Expedias victor, paucis, adverte, docebo.
Arcades his oris, genus a Pallante profectum,
Qui regem Evandrum comites, qui signa secuti,
Delegere locum et posuere in montibus urbem
Pallantis proavi de nomine Pallanteum.
Hi bellum assidue ducunt cum gente Latina;
Hos castris adhibe socios, et foedera junge.
Ipse ego te ripis et recto flumine ducam,

40

45

50

55

27. Alituum, for alitum, as if from alitus.-29. Turbatus pectora, the accusative of limitation. See at iv. 558.-35. Affari, the historical infinitive. See at i. 423.-36. Trojanam, &c. Similarly i. 68.—37. Revehis nobis. Alluding to the Italian descent of Dardanus. See at iii. 168. Pergama. See at ii. 177.-40. See at i. 534.-42. Construe, jacebit tibi, the dativus commodi.-43. Litoreis, &c. See the prophecy of Helenus, iii. 389, &c.-47. Ex quo loco. Others understand the reference to be to time, quum aliquando, aso. Ter denis. Compare with i. 267, &c.-48. Albam Longam; so named, it would seem, not from being built on the spot where the white sow was found, but in grateful commemoration of the omen.--54. See at vii. 634. Proavi. Virgil seems here to follow a different tradition from that mentioned 138.-57. Recto flumine. See at vi. 900.

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