that the Tarentine colony of Heraclea was selected in the first instance for the place of assembly, as the Tarentines seem at first to have kept aloof from the contest, and it is very doubtful whether they were included in the league at all. But it was natural that, when the Tarentines assumed the leading position among the allied cities, the councils should be transferred to their colony of Heraclea, just as Alexander of Epirus afterwards sought to transfer them from thence to the river Acalandrus in the Thurian territory, as a mark of enmity towards the Tarentines. (Strab. 1. c.) [E. H. B.] COIN OF MAGNESIA AD MAEANDRUM. 2. A town of Lydia, usually with the addition pòs or inò nú (ad Sipylum), to distinguish it from Magnesia on the Maeander in Ionia, situated on the north-western slope of Mount Sipylus, on the southern bank of the river Hermus. We are not informed when or by whom the town was founded, but it may have been a settlement of the Magnesians in the east of Thessaly. Magnesia is most celebrated in history for the victory gained under its walls by the two Scipios in B. c. 190, over Antiochus the Great, whereby the king was for ever driven from Western Asia. (Strab. xiii. p. 622; Plin. ii. 93; Ptol. v. 2. § 16, viii. 17. § 16; Scylax, p. 37; Liv. xxxvii. 37, foll.; Tac. Ann. ii. 47.) The town, after the victory of the Scipios, surrendered to the Romans. (Appian, Syr. 35.) During the war against Mithridates the Magnesians defended themselves bravely against the king. (Paus. i. 20. § 3.) In the reign of Tiberius, the town was nearly destroyed by an earthquake, in which several other Asiatic cities perished; and the emperor on that occasion granted liberal sums from the treasury to repair the loss sustained by the inhabitants (Strab. xii. p. 579; xiii. p. 622; Tac. l. c.) From coins and other sources, we learn that Magnesia continued to flourish down to the fifth century (Hierocl. p. 660); and it is often mentioned by the Byzantine writers. During the Turkish rule, it once was the residence of the Sultan; but at present it is much reduced, though it preserves its ancient name in the corrupt form of Manissa. The ruins of ancient buildings are not very considerable. (Chandler, Travels in Asia, ii. p. 332; Keppel, Travels, ii. p. 295.) The accompanying coin is remarkable by having on its obverse the head of Cicero, though the reason why it appears here, is unknown. The legend, which is incorrectly figured, should be, MAPKOX TTAAIOZ KIKEPOŇ. [L.S.] MAGNATA. [NAGNATAE.] MAGNE'SIA, MAGNETES. [THESSALIA.] MAGNESIA (Μαγνησία: Eth. Μάγνης.) 1. A city in Ionia, generally with the addition рòs or ἐπὶ Μαιάνδρῳ (ad Maeandrum), to distinguish it from the Lydian Magnesia, was a considerable city, situated on the slope of mount Thorax, on the banks of the small river Lethaeus, a tributary of the Maeander. Its distance from Miletus was 120 stadia or 15 miles. (Strab. xiv. pp. 636, 647; Plin. v. 31.) It was an Aeolian city, said to have been founded by Magnesians from Europe, in the east of Thessaly, who were joined by some Cretans. It soon attained great power and prosperity, so as to be able to cope even with Ephesus (Callinus, ap. Strab. xiv. p. 647.) At a later time, however, the city was taken and destroyed by the Cimmerians; perhaps about B. c. 726. In the year following the deserted site was occupied, and the place rebuilt by the Milesians,or, according to Athenaeus (xii. p. 525), by the Ephesians. Themistocles during his exile took up his residence at Magnesia, the town having been assigned to him by Artaxerxes to supply him with bread. (Nepos, Themist. 10; Diod. xi. 57.) The Persian satraps of Lydia also occasionally resided in the place. (Herod. i. 161, iii. 122.) The territory of Magnesia was extremely fertile, and produced excellent wine, figs, and cucumbers (Athen. i. p. 29, ii. p. 59, iii. p. 78.) The town contained a temple of Dindymene, the mother of the gods; and the wife of Themistocles, or, according to others, his daughter, was priestess of that divinity; but, says Strabo (p. 647), the temple no longer exists, the town having been transferred to another place. The new town which the geographer saw, was most remarkable for its temple of Artemis Leucophryene, which in size and in the number of its treasures was indeed surpassed by the temple of Ephesus, but in beauty and the harmony of its parts was superior to all the temples in Asia Minor. The change in the site of the town alluded to by Strabo, is not noticed by any other author. The temple, as we learn from Vitruvius (vii. Praefat.), was built by the architect Hermogenes, in the Ionic style. In the time of the Romans, Magnesia was added to the kingdom of Pergamus, after Antiochus had been driven eastward beyond Mount Taurus. (Liv. xxxvii. 45, xxxviii. 13.) After this time the town seems to have decayed, and is rarely mentioned, though it is still noticed by Pliny (v. 31) and Tacitus (Ann. iv. 55). Hierocles (p. 659) ranks it among the bishoprics of Asia, and later documents seem to imply that at one time it bore the name of Maeandropolis. (Concil. Constantin. iii. p. 666.) The existence of the town in the time of the emperors Aurelius and Gallienus is attested by coins. Formerly the site of Magnesia was identified with the modern Guzel-hissar; but it is now generally admitted, that Inek-bazar, where ruins of the temple decay at an early period, as it is not mentioned tween Sidon and Berytus, and probably identical by any late writer. Appian (Mithrid. 78, 115) with the Tamyras of Strabo (xvi. p. 756), now speaks of it under both names, Eupatoria and Mag-Nahr-ed-Damur; though Dr. Robinson suggests the nopolis, and Strabo in one passage (xii. p. 560) Nahr-Beirût. (Bib. Res. vol. iii. pp. 433, 439.) speaks of it under the name of Megalopolis. Ruins [TAMYRAS.] [G. W.] of the place are said to exist some miles to the west MAGORUM SINUS (Mayŵv kóλжоs), a bay on of Sonnisa, at a place called Boghaz Hissan Kaleh. the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, in the country (Hamilton, Researches, i. p. 340.) [L. S.] of the Themi, who joined the Gerraei on the north. MAGNUM PROMONTORIUM (тd μéya ȧкрw-| (Ptol. vi. 7. § 54.) It is still marked by the Thpiov, Ptol. vii. 2. § 7; Marcian, Peripl. p. 28), a modern town of Magas, and the ancient name is promontory which forms the southern termination accounted for by Mr. Forster by the fact that "the of the Chersonesus Aurea, in India extra Gangem, ancient Themi are the Magian tribe of Beni-Temin, on the western side of the Sinus Magnus. Its in all ages of Arabian history inhabitants of the modern name is C. Romania. Some have supposed gulf and city of Magas,—a deep bay, with its chief that the Prom. Magn. represents another cape, town of the same name, immediately above the bay either considerably to the NW., now called C. Pa- of Katiff." (Geogr. of Arabia, vol. ii. p. 215.) He tani. Ptolemy's account of these far Eastern places maintains that the Magi of S. Matthew (ii. 1) were is so doubtful, that it is impossible to feel sure of of this tribe, and from this country (vol. i. pp. the evidence for or against the position of any place 304-307). [THEMI.] [G. W.] in the Aurea Chersonesus. [V.] MAGRADA, a small river on the N. coast of Hispania Tarraconensis, now Uresmea. (Mela, iii. 1. § 10.) MAGYDUS (Máyudos: Eth. Mayudeus; called Máondos by Seylax, p. 39), a town of Pamphylia, on the coast between Attaleia and Perge, and subsequently of episcopal, rank, is probably the MYGDALE (Muydάλn), of the Stadiasmus. There are numerous imperial coins of Magydus, bearing the MAGNUM PROMONTORIUM, a promontory on the west coast of Lusitania (Mela, iii. 1. § 6), probably the same which Strabo (iii. p. 151) and Ptolemy ii. 5. § 1) call rò Варsáριov áкрov, near the mouth of the Tagus. The passage in Strabo is corrupt; but according to the correction of Coray, approved of by Groskurd, the promontory was 210 stadia from the mouth of the Tagus, which makes it correspond with C. Espichel. Pliny also calls it Magnum or Olisi-epigraph MATTAEON. Leake identifies it with ponense, from the town in its vicinity; but he strangely confounds it with the Prom. Artabrum, on the NW. of the peninsula (iv. 21. s. 35). MAGNUM PROM. MAURETANIAE. [MAURETANIA.] MAGNUS PORTUS. 1. (Пóртos μáyvos, Ptol. ii. 4. § 7; comp. Marcian. p. 41), a port-town of Hispania Baetica, between the town Abdara and the Prom. Charidemi. 2. (Méyas λiμhv, Ptol. ii. 6. § 4), a bay on the coast of the Gallaeci Lucenses, which is evidently the same as the Artabrorum Sinus. [Vol. I. p. 226, b.] 3. (Méyas λphy, Ptol. ii. 3. §§ 4, 33), a harbour in Britain, opposite the island of Vectis, corresponds to Portsmouth. 4. (Пóртоs Máуvos, Ptol. iv. 2. § 2; Mela, i. 5; Plin. v. 2; It. Anton. p. 13), a port-town of Mauretania Caesariensis, on the road between Gilva and Quiza, described by Pliny as "civium Romanorum oppidum." It is identified by Forbiger with Oran, of which the harbour is still called Mars-el-Kibir, i. e., the great Harbour. 5. (Meyós λihy, Ptol. iv. 6. § 6), a port on the west coast of Libya Interior, between the mouth of the river Daradus and the promontory Ryssadium. MAGNUS SINUS (¿ μéyas kóλπоs, Ptol. vii. 2. §§ 3, 5; Agathem. i. p. 53), the great gulf which runs up to the middle of the present kingdom of Ava, and is known by the name of the Gulf of Siam. The ancient geographers correctly placed China on the east of this gulf, though they had no very accurate notions relative to its latitude or longitude. On the west side was the Aurea Chersonesus. [V.] MAGO. [BALEARES, p. 374, a.] MAGON (8 Maywv, Arrian, Ind. c. 4), a river mentioned by Arrian as flowing into the Ganges on its left bank. It has been conjectured that it is the same as the present Ramguna. [V.] MAGONTIACUM. [MOGANTIACUM.] MAGORAS, a river of Syria, under mount Libanus, mentioned by Pliny (v. 20) apparently be Laara. (Ptol. v. 5. § 2; Hierocl. p. 679; Stadiasm. §§ 201, 202; Leake, Asia Minor, p. 194; Cramer, Asia Minor, vol. ii. p. 278.) MAHANAIM (Mavatu, LXX.), a place, and afterwards a town, on the east side of the Jordan, so named from the incident related in Genesis (xxxii. 2), where the word is translated, both by the LXX. and Josephus, Пapeμ¤oλaí, and also by the latter Deоû σтраτÓжedov (Ant. i. 20. § 1). The following notices of its position occur in the Old Testament:It was north of the brook Jabbok (Gen. l. c., comp. v. 22), in the borders of Bashan (Josh. xiii. 30), afterwards in the tribe of Gad (xxi. 38), but on the confines of the half-tribe of Manasseh (xiii. 29) assigned to the Levites. (1 Chron. vi. 80.) It was the seat of Ishbosheth's kingdom, during the time that David reigned in Hebron (2 Sam. ii.), and there he was assassinated (iv.). When David fled from Absalom, he was maintained at Mahanaim by Barzillai, the aged sheikh of that district (2 Sam. xvii. 27, xix. 32); and it was apparently in the vicinity of this city that the decisive battle was fought in the wood of Ephraim between the royal troops and the rebels (xviii). A ruined site is mentioned in the Jebel 'Ajlún, under the name of Mahneh, which probably marks the position of Mahanaim. (Robinson, Bib. Res. vol. iii. Appendix, p. 166.) [G.W.] MAIS, a station in Britain, so called upon an engraved bronze cup found at Rudge, in Wiltshire. From this name occurring with those of four other stations, all on the line of the Great Wall, it is supposed to be identical with Magna, or Magnis. [C.R. S.] MAIS (Mats), a river of India intra Gangem, flowing into the Sinus Barygazenus, now the Mahi. (Nearch. p. 24; Arrian, Periplus Maris Erythraei.) MAKKEDAH (Maкndá, LXX., Euseb.; Maxxidá, Joseph.), a city of the Canaanites in the south part of the tribe of Judah (Josh. xv. 41), governed by a sheikh. It was the first city taken by Joshua after the battle in Gibeon; and there it was that the five confederate kings were found hid in a cave, which was made their sepulchre after their executions du t and ivory. (See Heeren, African Nations, vol. i. p. 330, Engl. transl.) [W. B. D.] MALATA, according to an inscription, or MILATA according to the Peuting. Table, a place in Pannonia Inferior, on the Danube. As the inscription was found at Peterwardein, Malata was perhaps situated at or near the latter place. (Geor. Rav. iv. 19; Marsilius, Danub. ii. p. 118, tab. 47.) [L.S.] MALCHUBII. [MAURETANIA.] MALCOAE. [MANDRUS.] MALACA (Máλaña, Strab.; Ptol. ii. 4. §7; Maλákn, Steph. B. s. v.: Eth. Maλakiтavós: Malaga), an important town upon the coast of Hispania Baetica, east of Calpe, which was equidistant from Gadeira and Malaca. (Strab. iii. p. 156.) According to the Antonine Itinerary (p. 405), the distance from Gadeira to Malaca was 145 miles; according to Strabo (iii. p. 140) the distance from Gadeira to Calpe was 750 stadia. Malaca stood upon a river of the same name, now Guadalmedina. (Avien. Or. Mar. 426; Malaca cum fluvio, Plin. iii. 1. s. 3.) Strabo says (l. c.) that Malaca was built in the Phoenician fashion, whence we may conclude that it was a Phoenician colony. Accordingly some modern writers have supposed that the name was derived from the Phoenician word malcha, "royal;" but Humboldt says that Malaca is a Basque word, signifying the "side of a mountain." Under the Romans it was a foederata civitas (Plin. l. c.), and had extensive establishments for salting fish. (Strab. 1. c.) Avienus says (l. c.) that Malaca was formerly called Maenaca; but Strabo had already noticed this error, and observed not only that Maenaca was further from Calpe, but that the ruins of the latter city were clearly Hellenic. Malaca is also mentioned in Strab. iii. pp. 158, 161, 163; Hirt. B. Alex. 46; Geogr. Rav. iv. 42. There are still a few remains of Roman architecture in Malaga. MALACHATH (Maλaɣáð), a city of Libya In-southernmost point of the island of LESBOS, reckterior, which Ptolemy (iv. 6. § 25) places in the country above the Nigeir, in E. long. 20° 20′, and N. lat. 20° 15'. [E. B. J.] MA'LEA (Maλéa), a town in the district of Aegytis in Arcadia, the inhabitants of which were transferred to Megalopolis upon the foundation of the latter city. (Paus. viii. 27. § 4.) Its territory was called the Maleatis ( Maλeâris). Xenophon describes Leuctra as a fortress situated above the Maleatis; and as Leuctra was probably at or near | Leondári, Malea must have been in the same neighbourhood. [LEUCTRA.] Leake, however, connecting Malea with the river MALUS (Maλoûs, Paus. viii. 35. § 1), a tributary of the Alpheius, places the town on this river, and on the road from Megalopolis to Carnasium (Leake, Peloponnesiaca, p. 248); but this is not probable. The place MIDEA (Midéa) mentioned by Xenophon (Hell. vii. 1. § 28) is probably a corrupt form of Malea. (Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. i. p. 336.) MALAEA. [MALEA.] MALAEI COLON (Maλaíov, or Maλéov кŵλov, Ptol. vii. 2. § 5), a promontory on the southern coast of the Golden Chersonesus. Its exact position cannot be determined, but it was probably along the Straits of Malacca. [V.] MALAMANTUS (8 Maλáμavтos, Arrian, Ind. c. 4), a small tributary of the Cophen, or river of Kabul, perhaps now the Pandjcora. [V.] a MALANA (Máλava, Arrian, Ind. c. 25), cape which enters the Indian Ocean, and forms the western boundary of the Oreitae (one of the seacoast tribes of Gedrosia) and the Ichthyophagi. There is no doubt that it is the same as the present C. Malan in Mekran, the measurements of Nearchus and of modern navigators corresponding remarkably. (Vincent, Voy. of Nearchus, vol. i. p. 216.) [V.] MA'LEA (Maλéa, Steph. B. s. v. et alii; Maλéa, Herod. i. 82; Strab. viii. p. 368), still called Maliá, a promontory of Laconia, and the most southerly point in Greece with the exception of Taenarum. For details see Vol. II. p. 114. MA'LEA (Maλéa, Thucyd. iii. 4, 6; Xen. Hell. i. 6. §§ 26, 27; Maxía, Strab. xiii. p. 617; María, Ptol. v. 2; see Schol. ad Aristoph. Ran. p. 33), the Xeno oned by Strabo to be 70 stadia distant from Myti- MALANGA (Máλayya, Ptol. vii. 1. § 92), the chief town of the Arvarni, a tribe who inhabited the eastern side of Hindostún, below where the Tyndis (now Kistna) flows into the sea. It has been sup-§ posed that it is the same place as the present Madras, but it may have been a little higher up near Nellore. [V.] MA'LEA (Maλéa, or Maλaía čpos, Ptol. vii. 4. 8), a large group of mountains in the southern part of the ancient Taprobane or Ceylon. There can be little doubt that it comprehends the mountain tract now known by the name of Newera Ellia, one MALAO (Maλάw, Ptol. iv. 7. § 10. com. Má- of the chief mountains of which is called, from the Aews), probably answers to the modern Berbera, the Arabs, Adam's Peak, by the natives Sripada. Ptochief town of the Somáleh, who inhabit the western lemy states, that it is the water-shed of three rivers, coast of Africa from the straits of Bab-el-Mandeb to which he calls the Soanas, the Azanus, and the cape Guardafui. This district has in all times been Baraces, and describes with remarkable truth the the seat of an active commerce between Africa and present condition of the island, when he adds that Arabia, and Malao was one of the principal marts in the low ground below it, towards the sea, are the for gums, myrrh, frankincense, cattle, slaves, gold-pastures of the elephants. Pliny speaks of a moun tain in the interior of India, which he calls Mons Maleus (vi. 19. s. 22). It has been supposed that he may refer to the western Ghats; but as Maleus is evidently derived from the Sanscrit mala, a mountain, this identification cannot, we think, be maintained. [V.] MALECECA. [LUSITANIA, p. 220, a.] MALE'NE (Maλnn), a place near Atarneus, where Histiaeus was defeated by the Persians, is not mentioned by any ancient author except Herodotus (vi. 29). [L. S.] MALETHUBALON (Maλe@oúbaλov, Ptol. iv. 2. §15; Nobbe, ad loc. reads Maλe0ou¤adov), a mountain of Mauretania Caesariensis, which is identified with Jebel Nad'ur in the Săhăra. (Shaw's Travels, p. 56.) [E. B. J.] MALEVENTUM. [BENEVENTUM.] MAʼLEUM P. (Mаλeй &кроv, Рtol. vii. 1. § 4), a promontory which forms the southern termination of Syrastrene (now Cutch). It separated the gulfs of Canthi (the Runn of Cutch) and Barygaza (Cambay). [V.] MALIA (Maxía: Eth. Maλievs), a town in Hispania Tarraconensis, near Numantia, but of which nothing more is known. (Appian, Hisp. 77.) MALIACUS SINUS (8 Maλiakds kóλTOS; MnAlakós, Thuc. iii. 96; Strab. ix. p. 403; 8 MnALEÙS KÓλTOS, Herod. iv. 33; Polyb. ix. 41: Gulf of Zitúni), a long gulf of the sea, lying between the southern coast of Thessaly and the northern coast of the Locri Epicnemidii, and which derived its name from the country of the Malians, situated at its head. At the entrance of the gulf is the northwestern promontory of Euboea, and the islands Lichades, and into its furthest extremity the river Spercheius flows. The gulf is called LAMIACUS Sixus (8 Aawards Kóλños) by Pausanias (i. 4. § 3, vii. 15. § 2, x. 1. § 2), from the important town of Lamia; and in the same way the gulf is now called Zitúni, which is the modern name of Lamia. Livy, who usually terms it Maliacus Sinus, gives it in one place the name of Aenianum Sinus (xxviii. 5), which is borrowed from Polybius (x. 42). (Comp. Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 4.) MALIARPHA (Maλiáppa, Ptol. vii. 14), a place of considerable commerce in the territory of the Arvarni, on the western coast of the Bay of Bengal, between the mouths of the Godavari and the Kistna. It is represented now by either Maliapur or by the ruins of Mavalipuram. [V.] MALICHI INSULAE (Maxíxov vñσo, Ptol. vi. 7. § 44), two islands in the Sinus Arabicus, off the south coast of Arabia Felix. One of them is the modern Sokar. MALIS (Maλls yñ; Mŋλís, Herod. vii. 198: Eth. Maλieús, Mŋλ¡eús), a small district of Greece, at the head of the Maliac gulf, surrounded on all sides by mountains, and open only in the direction of the sea. The river Spercheius flowed through it. The limits of Malis are fixed by the description of Herodotus. It extended a little north of the valley of the Spercheius to the narrowest part of the straits of Thermopylae. Anticyra was the northernmost town of the Malians (Herod. vii. 198); the boundary passed between Lamia and Anticyra. Anthela was their southernmost town (vii. 176, 200). Inland, the Anopaea, the path over Mount Oeta, by which the Persians turned the army of Leonidas, in part divided the territory of the Trachinian Malians from that of the Oetaeans (vii. 217). A more particular description of the locality is given under THERMOPYLAE. According to Stephanus B. (s. v. Maxieus), the Malians derived their name from a town Malieus, not mentioned by any other ancient author, said to have been founded by Malus, the son of Amphictyon. The Malians were reckoned among the Thessalians; but although tributary to the latter, they were genuine Hellenes, and were from the earliest times members of the Amphicy tonic council. They were probably Dorians, and were always in close connection with the acknowledged Doric states. Hercules, the great Doric hero, is represented as the friend of Ceyx of Trachis, and Mount Oeta was the scene of the hero's death. Diodorus (xii. 59) even speaks of Trachis as the mother-town of Lacedaemon. When the Trachinians were hard pressed by their Oetaean neighbours, about the commencement of the Peloponnesian War, they applied for assistance to the Spartans, who founded in consequence the colony of Heracleia near Trachis. (Thuc. iii. 92.) Seylax (p. 24), who is followed by Diodorus (xviii. 11), distinguishes between the Mŋλieîs and Maλies, the former extending along the northern coast of the Maliac gulf from Lamia to Echinus; but, as no other writer mentions these towns as belonging to the Lamians, we ought probably to read Aauieis, as K. O. Müller observes. Thucydides mentions three divisions (uépn) of the Malians, called Paralii (Пapáλto1), Priests ('Iepîs), and Trachinii (Tpaxivio). Who the Priests were is a matter only of conjecture: Grote supposes that they may have been possessors of the sacred spot on which the Amphictyonic meetings were held; while Leake imagines that they were the inhabitants of the Sacred City (iepòv čoтv), to which, according to Callimachus (Hymn. in Del. 287), the Hyperborean offerings were sent from Dodona on their way to Delus, and that this Sacred City was the city Oeta mentioned by Stephanus B. The names of the Paralii and Trachinii sufficiently indicate their position. The Malians admitted every man to a share in the government, who either had served or was serving as a Hoplite (Aristot. Polit. iv. 10. § 10). In war they were chiefly famous as slingers and darters. (Thuc. iv. 100.) TRACHIS was the principal town of the Malians. There were also ANTICYRA and ANTHELA on the coast; and others, of which the names only are preserved, such as COLACEIA (Theopom. ap. Athen. vi. p. 254, f.), AEGONEIA (Lycophr. 903; Steph. B. s. v.), and IRUS (Schol. in Lycophr. l. c.; Steph. B. s. v.). (Müller, Dorians, vol. i. p. 50; Grote, Greece, vol. ii. p. 378; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 20.) MALLAEA, MALLOEA, or MALOEA, a town of southern Perrhaebia in Thessaly, perhaps represented in name by Mológhusta, which Leake conjectures to be a corruption of Malloea, with the addition of Augusta. But as there are no remains of antiquity at Mológhusta, Leake supposes Malloea to have occupied a height on the opposite side of the river, where are some vestiges of ancient walls. (Liv. xxxi. 41, xxxvi. 10, 13, xxxix. 25; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 311.) MALLI (Máλλo, Arrian, Anab. vi. 7, 8, 14), the inhabitants of the south part of the district now known by the name of the Panjab. There was probably in ancient times a city from which they derived their name, though the name of the town is not given by ancient authors. (Arrian, I. c.; Strab. xv. p. 701; Curt. ix. 4.) The people occupied the space between the Acesines (Asikni) and Hyarotis (Irávati), which both enter the Indus at no great distance. There can be little doubt that the name represents at once the country and the town of the Malli, being itself derived from the Sanscrit Málasthání. Pliny speaks of Malli quorum Mons Mallus (vi. 17. s. 21). If his locality corresponds with that of the other geographers, the name might be taken from the mountain which was conspicuous there. It is not, however, possible from Pliny's brief notice, to determine anything of the position of his Malli. It was in this country, and not improbably in the actual town of the Malli (as Arrian appears to think) that Alexander was nearly slain in combat with the Indian tribes of the Panjab. mountains above Locri, in the neighbourhood of the MAMMA (Mauuh), a district in Byzacena, at [V] MALLUS (Maxλds: Eth. MaλAwrns), an ancient city of Cilicia, which, according to tradition, was founded in the Trojan times by the soothsayers Mopsus and Amphilochus. (Strab. xiv. p. 675, &c.; Arrian, Anab. ii. 5.) It was situated near the mouth of the river Pyramus, on an eminence opposite to Megarsus, as we must infer from Curtius (iii. 7), who states that Alexander entered the town after throwing a bridge across the Pyramus. Mallus therefore stood on the eastern bank of the river. According to Scylax (p. 40) it was necessary to sail up the river a short distance in order to reach Mallus; and Mela (i. 13) also states that the town is situated close upon the river; whence Ptolemy (v. 8. § 4) MANARMANIS PORTUS (Μαναρμανὶς λιμήν), must be mistaken in placing it more than two miles a harbour on the west coast of Germany, and proaway from the river. Mallus was a town of consi- bably formed by the mouth of the river Unsingis. derable importance, though it does not appear to It is perhaps identical with the modern Marna in have possessed any particular attractions. Its port-West Friesland, which may even owe its name to the town was Magarsa [MAGARSA], though in later times it seems to have had a port of its own, called Portus Palorum (Geogr. Nub. p.195; Sanut. Secret. Fid. ii. 4, 26, whence we learn that in the middle ages it continued to be called Malo; comp. Callim. Fragm. 15; Appian, Mithrid. 96; Dionys. Per. 875; Ptol. viii. 17. § 44; Plin. H. N. v. 22; Stadiasm. Mar. M. §§ 151, 152; Leake, Asia Minor, pp. 216, &c.) [L. S.] COIN OF MALLUS IN CILICIA. MALOETAS. [METHYDRIUM.] MALUS. [MALEA; MEGALOPOLIS.] MAMALA (Máμaλa kúμn), a village of the Cassanitae, south of BADEI REGIA, on the Arabian coast of the Red Sea. (Ptol. vi. 7. §5) [GASANDES; BADEI REGIA.] It has been supposed to be represented by the modern town of Konfoda, and to have been the capital of the piratical tribe of Conraitae, mentioned by Arrian (Periplus, p. 15). [G. W.] MAMERTI'NI. [MESSANA.] MAMERTIUM (Mauépriov: Eth. Maμeptivos), a city in the interior of the Bruttian peninsula. It is noticed only by Strabo, who places it in the ancient port. (Ptol. ii. 11. § 1; Marcian. Heracl. p. 51, where it is called Mapapuapós.) [L. S.] MANASSEH. [PALAESTINA.] MANCHANE (Mayxávn), a town in Mesopotamia, of which the site is uncertain. (Ptol. v. 18. § 9.) MANCU'NIUM, a town of the Brigantes in Britain (It. Ant. p. 482), now Manchester. But few, if any, of the remains of the ancient town are to be traced at the present day. From inscriptions we learn that at some period of the Roman domination a cohort of the Frisians was stationed at Mancunium; and that the sixth legion, or one of its divisions was there, probably on the occasion of some journey into the north. [C.R. S.] MANDACADA (Mavdanáda), a place in Mysia, which is not mentioned till the time of Hierocles (p. 663), though it must have existed before, as Pliny (v. 32) mentions Cilices Mandacadeni in the northern part of Mysia on the Hellespont. [L. S.] MANDAGARA (Mardayápa, Ptol. vii. 1. § 7), a small port on the western coast of Hindostán, in the district now called Concan. It was situated a little to the S. of Bombay, nearly in the same latitude as Poonah. The author of the Periplus calls it Mandagora (p. 30). [V.] MANDAGARSIS (Mavdayapois, Ptol. vi. 2. §2), a small port on the shores of the Caspian sea, between the rivers Strato and Charindas. Forbiger has conjectured that it may be represented by the present Mesheddizar. [V.] MANDALAE (Mardáλai, Ptol. vii. 1. § 72), an Indian tribe who occupied both banks of the Ganges in the neighbourhood of Palimbothra (Patna), which was perhaps (as has been conjectured by some geographers), their chief city. They seem |