--open to the air, and approachable by two hewn stone steps of descent. It was suggested by the landlord, that in all probability this well, which was carefully kept open during the severe frost for daily purposes, might, if it could once be reached, afford the needful for a parting bowl. But who was to bell the cat? The night was dark, the road was slippery, and, if the truth must be told, their step was not quite so steady as when they paced the ice, and footed the tee. A single adventurer might "fa' aff the drift," and be with difficulty recovered into light and safety; so it was agreed, that as the drinking was to be a common good, in like manner the procuring of the materiel should be a common task. Hand, therefore, linked in hand, with the landlord ahead, they slowly and cautiously (for there is nothing more bewildering than stepping at once out of intense light into deep darkness) shot and stretched away along the footpath which led to the well. Sometimes their line of march lengthened into its utmost stretch, and again fell upon its rear or centre with a sudden and somewhat waving recoil, very much in the manner which is exhibited by the earthworm or crab in their progressive movements; and, in order that the ear might regulate what the eye could not, frequent appeals of enquiry were sent forward from the rear to the van; "Are ye at it yet ?"—" Na, I'm no at it yet." A pause and a progressive movement led to another and another enquiry of similar import; to which the same discouraging response was as regularly returned. At last a sudden and voluntary ejaculation was heard, "I'm at it now!"-" And how d'ye ken, man ?"—" I'm LYING IN THE MIDDLE O'T!" We are particularly the finished hand of a master. In the other rooms we find Macdonald's more imagi- SCULPTURE-MR MACDONALD'S EXHIBITION. THIS exhibition, which opened on Wednesday, may be regarded as one of the proudest triumphs which any individual artist has yet achieved in Scotland. We hesitate not to say, that Mr Macdonald is the first native of this country who has taught us what sculpture is, or ought to be. Till very recently, Sculpture merely glimmered among us; that most elevated and ennobling species of art had fallen into complete neglect, and, with the exception of the occasional production of a few busts, often coarsely enough executed, all that is high and ideal in this department of intellectual exertion was to us a dead letter. Macdonald is destined to be our Canova, and to wipe away the stain of ignorance from our land. Deeply imbued with all the beautiful creations of Italian masters, a portion of the sunshine of the south has passed into his own mind, and he has brought it home with him to pour forth again its enlightening influence on the unsatisfactory twilight in which we have hitherto moved. We talk enthusiastically, and we may be supposed to be influenced by private and personal feelings. To a certain extent perhaps we are, but our feelings are only such as we entertain in common with all those who have had opportunities of observing how completely Mr Macdonald carries into all the relations of private life that pure and lofty mind, that warm and enthusiastic imagination, by which alone he has been enabled to raise himself to the eminence he has already acquired, and by the rapidly in-nouncement of the "Chancery Suit" wholly failed in creasing powers of which he will ere long obtain a still greater celebrity. He is as yet, comparatively speaking, only at the commencement of his career; he has overcome its difficulties, and its rewards are all before him. But certainly now, if ever, is the time to cheer him on with the voice of praise; now, if ever, ought his fellow-countrymen to prove to him the interest they take in his labours, and encourage him to proceed as he has begun. Mr Macdonald's works are at present exhibiting in a suite of apartments in Prince's street. One of the rooms is appropriated for the reception of the Busts. Of these there are twenty-six, twelve or fourteen of which are in marble. Many of them are full of life and spirit, and others are sculptured with a delicate beauty, which marks THE LONDON DRAMA. Regent's Park, London, Monday, December 6, 1830. THOUGH in these degenerate times of theatrical authorship, a new five-act comedy is any thing but an everyday, or rather an every-night occurrence, yet the an attracting a crowded audience at Govent Garden on Tuesday last; the public wisely waiting, we presume, until it was pronounced to be worth seeing. Notwithstanding all the obstacles-and they have been neither few nor trifling-which have crossed the path of this play from our friend Richard Brinsley Peake's study to our friend Charles Kemble's stage, and even afterwards, yet we are most happy to bear this incontrovertible public testimony, that from the rising of the curtain until its fall, it was accompanied by the loudest applause and laughter, and its announcement hailed with shouts of unmingled approbation. During the dynasty of Mr Price, this comedy, then in three acts, was accepted for representation at Drury Lane, though how, or by whom, the two leading parts could have been played there, is a with fully as many delays and obstacles as most "Chan cery suits" in Westminster Hall. Miss F. Kemble's next character is to be Calista, in Rowe's "Fair Penitent," on Wednesday next, and her Jane Shore is postponed sine die; though the rumour of its performance has, we presume, induced that play's revival at Drury Lane this evening, with Misses Philip and Huddart as the heroine and Alicia, and Macready, Wallack, and Cooper, as Hastings, Glo'ster, and Dumont. This, we think, if also a failure, ought to be Miss Hud sented as improving so very slowly, that the period of his dart's last trial, since her Lady Constance, in "King Not even the glance that flashes from a dark and lustrous Nor eye, hearts not speak ?— There is no voice to tell their chords-all-all is tame and weak! Alas! and must our feelings deep-the noblest and the best chain'd-and ne'er to burst their bonds—within the aching breast? John," last week, was, to speak tenderly, very bad, to a very bad house; and we had the usual anachronisms of scenery and costume, and, to crown all, the armorial bear-Not even the soft and wordless flow of ancient melody, ings of England in 1830, worn by a herald of 1216, smiles, nor tears, can aught avail-Ab! why can just as usual! Miss Huddart is, indeed, perfectly unfit for the leading business at a Theatre Royal here, and her injudicious friends having previously puffed her talents in a way which few talents could sustain, she now pays the double penalty of her own inability and their imprudence. To announce "her first appearance in London" also, when it is notorious that she has long since played at most of our minor theatres, is a misrepresentation disgraceful to all parties, as the nightly disapprobation must have now, we think, taught both the managers and the actress. Bruce, who has formerly sung at concerts and oratorios, has recently appeared here in "Der Freischutz" and the "Duenna;" but the lady is remarkable only from being far too embonpoint for a vocal heroine, and the latter opera, for the introduction of nearly a score of modern inapplicable songs, in lieu of the originals. This is, indeed, an evil which "has increased, is increasing, and ought to be diminished," and discovers a sad lack of taste in all managers who either adopt or permit it. A Miss In consequence of anxiety arising from his son's long and dangerous illness at Naples, Mr Mathews has been for some time indisposed at Brighton; but Mr Mathews, jun., being at length sufficiently recovered to travel, is expected in England this week, though his health is repre Oh! surely thus proud man is taught how vain to judge a brother, Since 'tis denied us to reveal our souls to one another. SONG. By Alexander Maclaggan. GERTRUDE. I MET my ain love like the mirth o' May morn, For I felt my poor heart starting up frae its rest, Like ane wauking out o' a sound, sound sleep; And it raved up and down through my love-haunted breast, Like the row and the swell o' the restless deep. But, hark! a loud voice, wi' a thundering shout, Cried,-" Awake, stupid shepherd! for, dinna ye see, The best o' the corn's trampled doon wi' your nowte?"O, love! will you never gie ower cheating me! "Awa! awa! ye glaikit thing! "He's fleech'd you out o' a' ye hae,- "The faithfu' heart will aye, mother, Put trust in Ane above; And how can folks gang bare, mother, "Weel, lassie, walk ye by the burn, "His plighted troth is mine, mother, H. G. B. LITERARY CHIT-CHAT AND VARIETIES. A SELECTION of Mr Hogg's best Songs is in the press, and to be published on Christmas day, in an elegant cabinet volume. In announcing this work to the public, we shall use the energetic words of a contemporary: "The Ettrick Shepherd is a'bard of God's own making. Educated in the great school which nature keeps on Tweed side and Yarrow, his verses are superior to the mushroom productions which that great middenstead, the College, produces. He has given us much that is truly excellent,-strains which are steeped in pastoral sweetness to the very lips, and which are at once glowing, delicate, and original." Vegetable Cookery; with an Introduction, recommending Abstinence from Animal Food and Intoxicating Liquors, is announced. The Foreigner's English Conjugator, elucidated through French examples, by Justin Brenan, author of "Composition and Punctuation," Utility of Latin Discussed," &c. will appear soon, An entirely new and corrected edition is in preparation by the original editor, of the Extraordinary Black Book, comprising a complete exposition of the abuses in the Church, the State, and Colo nies; with lists of Pluralists, Placemen, Pensioners, &c. Travels in Chili, Buenos Ayres, and Peru, by Samuel Haigh, Esq. are in the press. Essays concerning the Faculties and Economy of the Mind, by William Godwin, are in the press. It is intended that each of these essays shall treat of some interesting truth, or of some truth under a fresh aspect, which has never by any preceding writer been laid before the public. There is preparing for publication, a History of the Reformation in Switzerland by A. Ruchal, comprising a period of forty years, from 1516 to 1556, translated from the French, in three volumes, 8vo, by Joseph Brackenburgh, A.M. Assistant Chaplain and Assistant Secretary at the Magdalen. This scarce and valuable work is recommended by Bickersteth, and praised by Scott in his continuation of Milne's Church History. The fifteenth volume of The Pulpit will be ready in a few days. We understand that Mr Anderson, author of "Poetical Aspirations," has in the press a volume of "Odd Sketches," in prose, which will be ready next week. The Talba, or Moor of Portugal, a Romance, by Mrs Bray, author of "De Foix," "The White Hoods," &c. is in the press. Dr Southey is about to publish, in one volume, Select Works of the British Poets, from Chaucer to Withers. Memoirs and Correspondence of the late Sir James Edward Smith, M.D., President of the Linnæan Society, &c. are in preparation. Colonel Montagu's Ornithological Dictionary of British Birds, is preparing for immediate publication, with numerous additions and corrections, from the works of Temminck and other recent naturalists, as well as from the personal observations of the editor, J. Rennie, A.M., A.L.S., Lee, Kent, author of "Insect Architecture," "Conversations on Geology," &c. Lectures on Music, by William Crotch, Doctor and Professor of Music in the University of Oxford, are in the press. Lieut.-Col. Stewart announces a View of the Hindoo State of Society, exhibiting an account of the form of government, manners, customs, &c., of the inhabitants of India. Mr John Taylor, formerly editor of the Sun, is preparing his Memoirs or Reminiscences. The fourth volume of the National Library consists of the History of Chivalry, by Mr James, the author of " Darnley," &c.; and the fifth volume will be from the pen of Horace Smith, and will be entitled Festivals, Games, and Amusements, ancient and modern. We are authorised to correct an error which appeared in the first number of the new series of the Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science. It is there mentioned that an edition of Wilson's American Ornithology is about to be published by Constable and Co., under the superintendence of Professor Jameson and Captain Thomas Brown. This is not the case. The edition of Wilson's delightful work, now in preparation for Constable's Miscellany, is under the sole and exclusive editorship of our distinguished Professor of Natural History, and has no necessary connexion with any series of illustrations which other individuals may incline to publish. It is proper, at the same time, to mention, that Captain Brown is at present preparing Illustrations of Wilson's Ornithology, which will comprise the whole of the Birds, as well as representations of the principal Insects, and Forest Trees of America, with their Fruits, and which will form an excellent accompaniment to the Miscellany edition of Wilson's work. This work will extend to five Parts, and will be sold for one guinea. We have seen a specimen of the style in which it is to be etched and coloured, which is brilliant and striking. A FEW ENIGMATICAL ENIGMAS WELL WORTHY THE ATTENTION OF THE CURIOUS.-Why is the Lord Provost of Edinburgh like the letter K ? Because he refused to call a public meeting to petition for borough and parliamentary reform.-Why is Miss Jarman of the Theatre Royal likely to be married soon? Because she made her first appearance on any stage in Bath.-Why is the city of Glasgow like a fish-pond? Because Mr Douglas refused to drink the health of Sir Walter Scott and the literature of Scotland.-Why are the present ministry about to overturn the constitution of the country? Because the Lord Chancellor was born in St Andrew's Square.-Why is Blackwood's Magazine the cleverest periodical in existence? Because the Edinburgh Literary Journal is published every Saturday morning.-Why is Laurence Macdonald the only eminent sculptor in Scotland? Because Dr Thomson is decidedly of opinion that the slaves ought to be emancipated immediately.—Why is the Liverpool Saturday Advertiser one of the most judicious provincial papers in England? Because Ducrow announces an entire change of performances every three nights.-Why is the Duke of Wellington the ablest man now living? Because Mr Johnston is editor of the Weekly Chronicle, which he has considerably improved.-Why is this a bad world? Because Galt has written a Life of Lord Byron. CHIT CHAT FROM EDINBURGH.-Lord William Lennox is residing here at present, having instituted a process in the ecclesiastical courts, in reference to the late unhappy conduct of his wife.-The new Surgeons' Hall, now building in Nicolson Street, bids fair to Orkney. We have had Mr Love the ventriloquist with us, and were both delighted and astonished at his performances-they form at present the principal ingredients in our tea-table chit-chat, and, wonderful to relate, have superseded the usual and legitimate accompaniments of that elegant repast. The learned, however, in these matters, seem to think that this cessation will be merely temporary, and that very shortly will be resumed those piquant dissertations on morals and character, which have obtained for this Oriental beverage the vulgar, but appropriate appellation of scandal broth. CHIT-CHAT FROM DUNFERMLINE.-Like our neighbours, we have had a meeting to petition for reform, and are going to send up our wishes to Parliament with plenty of signatures to them.-In our Mechanics' Institution, a course of lectures on Chemistry, by the Rev. Mr Robertson, jun., of Inverkeithing, and a class for Mathematics, by Mr Roger, A.M., have commenced; and, from the wellknown abilities of these gentlemen, are likely to be of much service. be a very handsome edifice, and a great ornament to that part of the town. The front elevation is nearly finished, and looks classical and elegant. The alterations in front of the Theatre Royal appear to be completed, but we cannot say that they give us entire satisfaction. The portico is neat enough, but the face of the theatre above it is bare and meagre. The national arms, though cleverly carved by Mr John Steel, look too much like patchwork, and the general effect is somewhat vulgar.-We observe that the Professional Society announces, that unless the subscription list be filled up before Christmas, no Concerts will be given this winter. We trust our fellowcitizens will not so far neglect the interests of musical science as to deprive themselves of the exertions of this Society.-The following list of the Edinburgh Newspapers, with the names of their respective Editors, may not be uninteresting to our provincial readers :-The Courant, published Monday, Thursday, and Saturday, edited by Mr Buchanan; The Caledonian Mercury, published Monday, Thursday, and Saturday, edited by Mr Cochrane; The Observer, published-The Temperance Society here has opened a Coffee-house and Tuesday and Friday, edited by Mr Sutherland; The Advertiser, published Tuesday and Friday, edited by Mr Robert Chambers; The Weekly Journal, published on Wednesday, edited by Mr James Ballantyne; The Scotsman, published on Wednesday and Saturday, edited by Messrs M'Laren and Ritchie; The North Briton, published on Wednesday and Saturday, edited by Mr Crichton; The Weekly Chronicle, published on Wednesday, edited by Mr Johnston ; The Evening Post, published on Saturday, edited by Mr M'Callan and Mr Torrop; The North British Advertiser, published on Saturday, edited by Messrs Gray.-Mr Sheridan Knowles is to deliver one of his interesting lectures next Monday evening, in the Hopetoun Rooms, accompanied with Readings and Recitations. The subject of the Lecture is to be Contrast, especially in music, poetry, and the drama. CHIT-CHAT FROM THURSO.-Our venerable parish church, after having withstood the blasts, and tear and wear, of six centuries, and having witnessed in succession the devout exercises and votive offerings of Catholic, Episcopalian, and Presbyterian, has at length yielded to the all-subduing hand of time, and, as a necessary consequence, has been regularly and formally condemned. A new church is in progress, which, for beauty and strength of structure, bids fair to rival, if not surpass, any edifice of the kind to be found in the northern counties of Scotland.-In filling up the important situation of parish minister, vacant by the death of the late Mr Mackintosh, Mr George Sinclair, who, by permission of his father, exercised the right of presentation, has well sustained those principles which he has so often avowed as vice-president of the anti-patronage society; -the choice was freely and unreservedly given to the people; and there is every reason to conclude, that this privilege was on this occasion exercised with judgment and discretion, and that the gentleman they have selected will find himself happily and comfortably situated with his parishioners in general.-Sanguine hopes are entertained that the herring-fishery to the westward from this place to Cape Wrath, will next season be prosecuted with a vigour and enterprise commensurate with its importance. The favourable season of the year in which the herrings approach the coast, their superior quality, and the high prices which an early market generally affords, are advantages which are very rarely found combined in speculations of this kind.-At a special meeting of the Council, it was unanimously resolved, on the motion of the Dean of Guild, that their thanks, together with the freedom of the town, be tendered to Charles Kemble, Esq., for the well-merited thrashing he has recently bestowed on the editor of the Age newspaper,-he, the said editor, in noticing a dinner given some weeks ago to Sir John Sinclair, by the principal inhabitants of this town and neighbourhood, having described the entertainers as a meeting of shopkeepers, tailors, and shoemakers. The castigation applied on this occasion, is the more appreciated, from the circumstance, that although many of the gentlemen present (to whom the useful avocations just quoted were for the first time assigned) would most willingly have taken upon themselves this labour of love, yet the journey from John o' Groat's to London offered a serious obstacle to carrying their kind intentions into effect. At the dinner alluded to, Sir John took an opportunity of reading a letter he had received some time before, from his present Majesty, then Duke of Clarence. In publishing the "Sayings and Doings" of the evening, a typographical error gave June, in place of January, as the date of the letter, and this gave our cudgelled editor an opportunity of drawing many ingenious inferences, which are certainly not the less amusing, that they do not contain one word of truth;-even this adventitious circumstance, this simple foundation, was altogether superfluous for the purposes of a man who has long since convinced the admiring public, that he can furnish the most plausible statements without any foundation at all. -An anti-slavery petition, numerously signed, has been got up. This county is at present suffering under that state of forlorn widowhood, and dissolution of tie with the "collective wisdom," to which it is doomed every alternate parliament, by a system, which our late premier lost his place for declaring to be the best and most perfect of all possible modes of representation. Under these circumstances of political bereavement, the petition in question has been forwarded for presentation to Mr Traill, the very respectable member for Reading-room, where they get the most popular newspapers and best periodicals of the day, including, of course, the Literary Journal. The theatrical folks here did little good, and have now closed their establishment. Theatrical Gossip. -Madame Vestris and Miss Foote have taken the Olympic Theatre-a house which was never considered fashionable, and has never hitherto succeeded, but in which they will probably prosper, both being great favourites with the Cockneys. They talk of altering the name of the house to the "Theatre of La Belle Alliance." A very pretty alliance indeed! We should like to know whether modest actresses will accept of engagements in this establishment, or whether the female portion of the company will consist entirely of fair frail ones?-Polhill and Lee are said to have taken a lease of the Tottenham, which they mean to open as a summer theatre. The affairs of Covent Garden, it is said, are going fast into confusion again, Fanny Kemble having ceased to draw crowded houses, and there being nobody else to draw any thing at all.-Drury Lane is barely keeping its head above water, but hopes to derive benefit from the Christmas pantomime.-Michael Boai, the chinchopper, has left Liverpool and gone to Dublin.-Seymour has left Glasgow and gone to Belfast.-Bass has been playing the Stranger in Dundee.-Ryder is about to open in Aberdeen.-The only novelty at the Theatre Royal here, since our last, has been "The White Phantom," as pleasant a phantom as one could wish to see on a winter night. It has visited the glimpses of the lamps most successfully, and with great eclat. As Mr Murray occasionally pleads that he does not know where to look for novelties that will please, we beg to recommend to him the three following pieces:-1st, "The Wreck Ashore," which has been brought out this season at the Adelphi, and has made nearly as great a sensation as the "Freischutz," or "Masaniello," though it is not a musical piece, which is all the better for Mr Murray, as his operatic strength is not much to be boasted of ;2d, "Turning the Tables," a spirited new farce, which has been drawing good second-price houses at Drury Lane ;-and, 3d, "The Dead Shot," an excellent trifle to introduce by way of interlude, and save us from the eternal repetition of "No!" " Is He Jealous?" or "The Day after the Wedding."-Ducrow continues to draw capital houses, which he deserves, because he avoids any monotony in his performances, by changing their leading features twice a-week. WEEKLY LIST OF PERFORMANCES. DECEMBER 4-10. TO OUR CORRESPONDENTS. WE are making preparations for our CHRISTMAS NUMBER, which as usual will be a double one, and, as usual, full of the most delightful contributions by writers well known in the literary world. The Number will be published on Saturday the 25th, Christmas Day. The article on the Scottish Academy is in types, but is unavoidably postponed till our next. Several articles, which we need not at present particularize, lie over for our next SLIPPERS.-We have written to London on the subject mentioned to us by our friend "X."— "A Legend of the Pyrenees" shall have an early place.-A Song by the Ettrick Shepherd in our next. There is somebody who sends us unpaid letters from Peterhead, and who signs himself "Sigma;" his letters are invariably burned. "The Lomond Shepherd," and the Lines by " A. W. L." a "mi. nor of eighteen years of age," will not suit us.-The Stanzas "To a Young Lady," of which the last couplet is, "So, I'll boldly advance, and declare it in rhyme, do not come up to our standard. Several interesting papers are unavoidably postponed. THE FINE ARTS IN SCOTLAND-THE SCOTTISH ACADEMY-THE DEFECTS AND ERRORS of ACADEMIES IN GENERAL. [Whatever difference of opinion may exist regarding some of the sentiments contained in the following paper, we have no hesitation in requesting the attention of our readers to the remarks of a writer so excellently versed in his subject; and who has discussed it in so comprehensive, temperate, and philosophical a style.-Editor Lit. Jour.] THE last Exhibition of the Scottish Academy, though respectable and far from being deficient in talent, disappointed the expectations of the public. It was inferior to that of the former year, while the accession of so many artists from the Royal Institution ought to have produced a different result. Whether such a falling off proceeded from indolence, mutual jealousies, or too much confidence in their own powers, to the discouragement of professional contributions unconnected with the Academy, it is needless to enquire; but it is to be hoped they will see the necessity of putting forth all their energies in the ensuing exhibition. The patronage of the public has been liberally extended to the Academy, and will no doubt be continued and increased, if they are only true to themselves. In short, ultimate and complete success, as far as regards the establishment of the Academy on a firm basis, will depend solely upon their own exertions, union, and prudence. The conduct of the Royal Institution since the secession took place, has been marked by good sense and forbearance: they did not attempt getting up a rival exhibition, but opened a collection of the old masters; reserving their exhibition of modern pictures till summer, when that of the Academy was closed, in accordance with the practice of the Royal Institution in Pall-Mall. While these two public bodies keep within their proper spheres, they cannot come into collision; on the contrary, they will mutually contribute, by a generous rivalship, to promote that which ought to be the primary object of both—the advancement of Scottish art. As to a charter, the members of the Academy are sure of obtaining one, if they succeed in their main object; if they do not, it can be no better than waste paper. The Scottish Academy professes to form itself on the model of the Royal Academy of Somerset House, modified to suit local and other circumstances; though its leading object has hitherto been limited to an annual exhibition of living artists. Whether the modern royal Academies, as established in most of the kingdoms and cities of Europe within the last century and a half, are best calculated to produce the highest department of art, may well be doubted, if we are to judge by their fruits. In the classical ages of Italian art, no such institutions existed: they are only found associated with its decline. The old schools of Italy, originating in the concourse of pupils to a favourite master, were very different in their nature and character. The freedom of competition, and rivalship of other schools, afforded a wholesome check to the propagation of error proceeding from bad taste, caprice, or fashion. They possessed a freshness, energy, and originality favourable to the developement of genius. The pupils had the benefit both of instruction and example PRICE 6d. -saw their master at work-enjoyed his society-participated in his labours, his enthusiasm, and his fame. He freely communicated to them all the mysteries and difficulties of his art, without jealousy or fear of competition. On quitting his master's atelier, the pupil studied nature and the antique, to which was often added architecture -examined with attention the style of other masters— improved himself in general education and science connected with his art, and in most instances, without servilely adhering to the style of his master, adopted a manner of his own, congenial to his own taste and genius. The modern Royal Academy is a corporate monopoly, established by authority of government, for the purpose of training artists, conferring diplomas, bestowing prizes, and fixing, according to its sovereign will and pleasure, the standard of taste throughout the kingdom. The system pursued in such institutions, though apparently classical and unobjectionable, is cold, conventional, mono-. tonous, and mechanical, to the exclusion of freedom and originality of genius. Nature is apt to be lost sight of amidst the ascendancy of rules, principles, and professional authority. An academician is invested with a professional consequence and rank altogether independent of his merits as an artist. An assembly of such personages is above all control; hence conceit, indolence, mannerism, and the degradation of art. Errors of taste, which in other cir cumstances might be reformed, become systematic and permanent. In such institutions, too, an academician of an officious and bustling character, who is qualified to take a lead in debate, or write with ability on the theory of the art, has often a better chance of distinguishing himself than if he had excelled in professional practice. In proportion as a member feels his incapacity as an artist, he becomes a more zealous and violent partisan. Thus arise factions, jealousies, and squabbles, totally inconsistent with the repose and dignity of art. What has the magnificent academy founded by Louis XIV. done for the cause of art? or the numerous academies of Italy, with their honours, pensions, and prizes? They may in some cases preserve the arts from falling into a state of utter degradation, they may be beneficial in a commercial point of view, in supplying artists for the manufactories, but they have never produced great masters. On the contrary, their tendency is to repress, not to develope genius, to multiply artists of mediocrity, and thus to lower the scale of art. It might be supposed that the academies of Italy, of Rome, Florence, Bologna, &c., would have had a better chance of success, surrounded as they were, and continue to be, by the chefs d'aurres of ancient and modern art, as models to guide their taste and stimulate their ambition. So far is this from being the case, that, with the exception of sculpture-which owed its recent revival entirely to the genius of Canova-art is there in a more hopeless state than in almost any other country in Europe; and perhaps the very circumstance of being in the midst of these chefs d'œuvres-which they are continually copying in a mechanical manner, without being able to appreciate their excellence is one of the causes why the modern painters of Italy exhibit so little nature and originality |