International Encyclopedia of Public Policy and Administration, المجلد 1Jay M. Shafritz Westview Press, 1998 - 2504 من الصفحات "This invaluable source goes beyond any existing reference work regarding public policy and government affairs. It provides for the first time a comprehensive tool that covers the international integration of the literature on public policy and administration. The information found within includes concepts, practices, issues, and theories that inform and define contemporary public policy making, analysis, evaluation, management, and implementation. This source contains more than 850 articles from over 400 professionals covering topics from absenteeism to zoning. Each entry includes a thorough description of the topic, an explanation of its historical significance and a bibliography"--"Outstanding Reference Sources : the 1999 Selection of New Titles", American Libraries, May 1999. Comp. by the Reference Sources Committee, RUSA, ALA |
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الصفحة 287
... spending item each year . Comprehensiveness indicates that the bud- get contains all spending items . Incrementalism operates as a bottom - up process that focuses on microitems such as salaries , contracts , supplies , and activities ...
... spending item each year . Comprehensiveness indicates that the bud- get contains all spending items . Incrementalism operates as a bottom - up process that focuses on microitems such as salaries , contracts , supplies , and activities ...
الصفحة 288
... spending in a short period of time favors the base , or existing claims on resources , over new claims . With only minor adjustments in spending , public officials avoid disruptions to government agencies and the accompanying negative ...
... spending in a short period of time favors the base , or existing claims on resources , over new claims . With only minor adjustments in spending , public officials avoid disruptions to government agencies and the accompanying negative ...
الصفحة 493
... spending " techniques that bypassed the annual appropriations process . This trend toward back- door spending continues to this day . In 1974 , discretionary spending represented 53 percent of all federal spending ; by 1993 , the ...
... spending " techniques that bypassed the annual appropriations process . This trend toward back- door spending continues to this day . In 1974 , discretionary spending represented 53 percent of all federal spending ; by 1993 , the ...
المحتوى
qualified immunity | 4 |
level playing field ministerial advisers | 5 |
local government budgeting Moses Robert | 28 |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
Aaron Wildavsky accountability action activities adminis affirmative action agency American analysis annual appropriate appropriate technology audit Australia authority behavior benefits BIBLIOGRAPHY budget process bureaucratic canon law capital career certiorari charitable cial cities citizens civil communitarian Congress Constitution corporatism costs Court culture decisionmaking decisions democratic Department economic employees ernment ethics European Political Cooperation evaluation example executive expenditures federal financial management fiscal formal Fourth Amendment functions funds groups individual investment involved issues legislative ment ministers Monash University nomic nonprofit Office operating organization organizational participation parties pay equity percent performance planning political practice Press problems procedures programs Public Administration Review public sector reform responsibility revenue role social spending structure theory tion tional tive traditional U.S. Constitution United United Kingdom University values York