KANT AND LOCKE.

MR. MAHAFFY.

1. Mention some of Kant's vacillations in the use of important terms. 2. Defend the validity of Kant's inferences from the fact of knowledge and its conditions, and vice versa.

3. Sir William Hamilton and Professor Webb both impose limits on the Kantian doctrine of Space and Time? Defend Kant from the charge of dogmatism on this question.

4. Give an account of Kant's Theory of the Categories, showing their derivation, their application, and their necessity.

5. What are the Postulates of Empirical Thinking? They involve an important Kantian principle?

6. What is meant by the Amphiboly of the Concepts of Reflection ? Apply the principle to the favourite theories of Leibniz.

7. Enumerate the principal mistakes made by Dugald Stewart in his estimate of Kant's philosophy.

8. Compare Locke and Kant with reference to the following questions:

(a). The analysis of judgments;

(B). The schematism of the understanding;

(y). The reality of knowledge;

8). The Moral Law.

Mr. Webb shows that Locke's polemic against innate Ideas was necessitated by the state of philosophy in his day?

10. Mr. Webb qualifies Locke's theory as to the certainty of Moral Science?

DR. MOORE.

1. The principal sceptical conclusions of Ancient Philosophy are reviewed by Grotius; how does he apply the principles on which he proposes his refutation?

2. Various accounts have been given of the proper force and meaning of the following words in moral determinations; mention the most important, and give your own opinion as to their relative propriety, with your reasons:-Reason, Conscience, Self-love, Sympathy.

3. Two eminent polemics appear specially against Hobbes; state what parts of his system they severally impugn, and give an outline of their arguments.

(a). Where do we first meet the phrase "practical reason,” and in what sense?

(6). Give M'Intosh's criticism on Cudworth's argument against

Hobbes.

4. The dictates of the moral faculty are not merely a rule to us, but a law in the strictest sense, including sanction and obligation; give Butler's proof of this proposition.

(a). State clearly the difference between Moral and Physical Law, and illustrate your statement.

5. Mr. Carmichael describes Butler's method in treating of the affections thus: "He first establishes the fact that Man has such an affectionthen considers its final cause-and, lastly, from the final cause, derives the duty and its limitations."

Fill up this scheme briefly in the case of the affections Compassion and Resentment.

6. Three original English authors have severally described our Moral Perceptions, as derived from Intellect, Instinct, and Association; give some account of their method, and write a short criticism on each.

MR. BARLOW.

1. Archer Butler considers that the true position of Socrates as a philosophical reformer may be illustrated by comparing him with the oracle of the revolution of the seventeenth century?

2. Write a short notice of Stilpo of Megara.

3. What are the three answers given in the Theætetus to the questionWhat is Science? Criticize each of these.

4. Give an account of the Platonic conception of Matter; and compare the Platonic and Epicurean notions of Time.

5. Write a note on the following sentence:-ψυχή ἐστιν ἐντελέχεια ἡ πρώτη σώματος φυσικοῦ δυνάμει ζωὴν ἔχοντος.

6. Discuss the question-What were the real opinions of Aristotle as to the immortality of the human soul? Archer Butler calls attention to one great difficulty in the hypothesis of the perpetual transmigration of souls which seems to have been unnoticed?

7. Translate the following passage, and name the different philosophers and philosophic sects alluded to:-

"Nec vero ignoro varias philosophorum fuisse sententias, eorum dico, qui summum bonum, quod ultimum appello, in animo ponerent. Quas quamquam vitiosi quidam secuti sunt, tamen non modo his tribus, qui virtutem a summo bono segregaverunt, cum aut voluptatem, aut vacuitatem doloris, aut prima naturæ in summis bonis ponerent, sed etiam alteris tribus, qui mancam fore putaverunt, sine aliqua accessione, virtutem, ob eamque rem trium earum rerum, quas supra dixi, singulis singulas addiderunt: his tamen omnibus eos antepono, cujusmodi sunt, qui summum bonum in animo atque in virtute posuerunt. Sed sunt tamen perabsurdi et ii, qui, cum scientia vivere, ultimum bonorum, et qui nullam rerum differentiam esse dixerunt, atque ita sapientem beatum fore, nihil aliud alii momento ullo anteponentem: ut quidam Academici constituisse dicuntur, extremum bonorum et summum munus esse sapientis, obsistere visis, assensusque suos firme sustinere."

8. "Mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse, qui finem bonorum esse dixerunt honeste vivere; sed alius alio magis." Give Cicero's account of these gradations of error. He makes the following charge against a certain Stoical dogma: "id est convenienter naturæ vivere, a natura discedere." Explain this.

9. Give an account of some of the modern systems of syllogistic notation; and discuss the propriety of representing the relations of terms in a syllogism by those of figures in a diagram.

Io. Translate the following passages, and write explanatory notes :— *Εστι δ' ἡ φρόνησις οὐχ ἡ δεινότης, ἀλλ ̓ οὐκ ἄνευ τῆς δυνάμεως ταύτης. Η δ' ἕξις τῷ ὄμματι τούτῳ γίνεται τῆς ψυχῆς οὐκ ἄνευ άρετῆς, ὡς εἴρηταί τε καὶ ἔστι δῆλον· οἱ γὰρ συλλογισμοὶ τῶν πρακτῶν ἀρχὴν ἔχοντες εἰσιν, ἐπειδὴ τοιόνδε τὸ τέλος καὶ τὸ ἄριστον, ὁτιδήποτε ὄν· ἔστω γὰρ λόγου χάριν τὸ τυχόν. Τοῦτο δ' εἰ μὴ τῷ ἀγαθῷ, οὐ φαίνεται· διαστρέφει γὰρ ἡ μοχθηρία καὶ διαψεύδεσθαι ποιεῖ περὶ τὰς πρακτικὰς ἀρχάς. "Ωστε φανερὸν ὅτι ἀδύνατον φρόνιμον εἶναι μὴ ὄντα ἀγαθόν.

̓Εκ δὴ τῶν εἰρημένων δῆλον ὅτι ἡ σοφία ἐστὶ καὶ ἐπιστήμη καὶ νοῦς τῶν τιμιωτάτων τῇ φύσει. Διὸ ̓Αναξαγόραν καὶ θαλῆν καὶ τοὺς τοιούτους σοφοὺς μὲν, φρονίμους δ ̓ οὔ φασιν εἶναι, ὅταν ἴδωσιν ἀγνοοῦντας τὰ συμφέρονθ' ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ περιττὰ μὲν καὶ θαυμαστὰ καὶ χαλεπὰ καὶ δαιμόνια εἰδέναι αὐτούς φασιν, ἄχρηστα δ', ὅτι οὐ τὰ ἀνθρώπινα ἀγαθὰ ζητοῦσιν. Ἡ δὲ φρόνησις περὶ τὰ ἀνθρώπινα καὶ περὶ ὧν ἔστι βουλεύσασθαι· τοῦ γὰρ φρονίμου μάλιστα τοῦτ ̓ ἔργον εἶναί φαμεν, τὸ εὖ βουλεύεσθαι, βουλεύεται δ ̓ οὐθεὶς περὶ τῶν ἀδυνάτων ἄλλως ἔχειν, οὐδ ̓ ὅσων μὴ τέλος τί ἐστι, καὶ τοῦτο πρακτὸν ἀγαθόν. Ὁ δ ̓ ἁπλῶς εὔβουλος ὁ τοῦ ἄριστου ἀνθρώπῳ τῶν πρακτῶν στοχαστικὸς κατὰ τὸν λογισμόν.

Εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἐν τοῖς πάθεσι καὶ ἐν τοῖς περὶ τὰ πάθη μεσότητες· ἡ γὰρ αἰδὼς ἀρετὴ μὲν οὐκ ἔστιν, ἐπαινεῖται δὲ καὶ ὁ αἰδήμων. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν τούτοις ὁ μὲν λέγεται μέσος, ὁ δ ̓ ὑπερβάλλων, ὡς ὁ καταπλήξ, ὁ πάντα αἰδούμενος· ὁ δ ̓ ἐλλείπων ἢ ὁ μηδὲ ὅλως ἀναίσχυντος· ὁ δὲ μέσος αἰδήμων. Νέμεσις δὲ μεσότης φθόνου καὶ ἐπιχαιρεκακίας. Εἰσὶ δὲ περὶ λύπην καὶ ἡδονὴν τὰς ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβαίνουσι τοῖς πέλας γινομένας· ὁ μὲν γὰρ νεμεσητικὸς λυπεῖται ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀναξίως εὖ πράττουσιν, ὁ δὲ φθονερὸς ὑπερβάλλων τοῦτον ἐπὶ πᾶσι λυπεῖται, ὁ δ ̓ ἐπιχαιρέκακος τοσοῦτον ἐλλείπει τοῦ λυπεῖσθαι ὥστε καὶ χαίρειν.

EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY'S PRIZE.

PROFESSOR DOWDEN.

1. Explain the formation of the adverbs: hwílum, nihtes, sóþes, georne, eallunga, líchamlice, gelíce, sticcemælum, sceortlíce.

3. What is the force of each of the following prefixes: to, or, wider, for, ed, sam, be, and, wan, sin?

4. Decline the pronouns : ic, pu, hit, he, heó, uncer, hwæt, hwá, þis, þæs, peos.

5. Decline scyppend, bén, wudu, lufu, boc, lichoma, ebbe, mús, gelese, gewrit.

6. Conjugate macian, habban, wesan, beón, slegen.

7. Explain the syntax in the following expressions :

8. State the rules of Anglo-Saxon versification. 9. Translate and parse the following passage:

Cuðberhtus se halga þa swide onette to dam ancer-setle, pe he ær gesæt, purh halige mynegunge mihtiges Drihtnes; wolde on 8am lande his líf geendian, þær þær hé ær lange lybbende drohtnode. And hé on Sam lande þa gelegered weard on his forðside swide fús to Gode, on Jam þriddan geare his biscophádes, and on pisum dæge to Drihtne gewát, and Hereberhtus samod, se halga sacerd, swa swa hí on life ar geleornodon, purh Godes Gast, mid gódum willan. His lic weard bebyrged on Lindisfarneiscre cyrcan, par wurdon geworhte wundra forwel fela, purh geearnungum his eadigan lífes. pa gelicode hit pam leodbiscope, Eadberhte, sylfum, his æftergengan, þæt he his lichaman up þa gelógode, on Jam endlyftan geare his geendunge. pa wearð þæt hálige' líc hál on eorðan gemét, gesundful licgende, swilce hé slapende wære, liðebige on limum, swa swa hé geléd wæs.

10. Write explanatory notes on the following passages from “The Vision of Piers Ploughman" :

11. In Passus Septimus of "The Vision of Piers Ploughman," Whitaker's text adds to that of Mr. Wright a long passage, which " is very curious," says Mr. Wright, "and well worthy to be preserved." Give an account of the contents of that passage.

12. Mention some instances in which your reading of "The Vision of Piers Ploughman" has thrown light on words or passages of Chaucer.

EXAMINATION FOR DEGREE OF M. B.

DR. STOKES.

1. What are the diagnostic marks of the "Facial paralysis" of Sir Charles Bell? Contrast these with those of hemiplegia from cerebral disease.

2. Symptoms of cerebro-spinal irritation have been common in the late epidemic of malignant purpuric fever in Dublin; is the cerebrospinal meningitis to be considered as a primary or a secondary affection? State the reasons for your opinion.