3. Beginning, Ὁ μὲν δὴ τοιαῦτα ἔλεγε· ἡ δὲ ἀμείβετο τοῖσδε· κ. τ. λ. Ending, ἡ μὲν δὴ ταῦτα ἔλεγε. Lib. vi. c. 69. 4. Beginning, Τήν δὲ Θεσσαλίην λόγος ἐστὶ τὸ παλαιὸν, κ. τ. λ. Ending, ὡς ἐμοὶ ἐφαίνετο εἶναι, ἡ διάστασις τῶν οὐρέων. Lib. vii. c. 129. 1. What internal evidence have we by which we may approximate to the time during which Herodotus lived and wrote ? 2. Give some account of the colonization of Thurium? Who were the chief colonists ? 3. Show that Herodotus wrote the first edition of his history at Halikarnassus. 4. What historical materials already existed, which he could use in the composition of his history? 5. What were the chief points of difference between Ktesias and Herodotus? How has it been shown that the latter is the more trustworthy author? 6. Mention any occasion on which he flatters the Athenians unfairly. 7. What is Herodotus' idea of Nemesis? What cases are brought forward by Col. Mure to prove that he distorted history on account of his theory of Nemesis? Discuss these cases. 8. Mention any contradictions that occur in his history. 9. The Doric conquest of Peloponnessus was gradual? 10. What was the condition of Sparta before Lykurgus? What were his constitutional changes? What were the Ephors originally, according to Dr. Arnold? 11. How did Solon lay the foundations of the Athenian democracy? 12. Who were the Teleontes, and what is the origin of the name? 13. What caused the Greeks to be so many days inactive before the battle of Marathon, and then suddenly to change their tactics and offer the Persians battle? 14. What were the chief victories won by Greeks over Persians in the fifth century, B. C. ? What other battle was fought on the same day as that at Salamis? 15. Give an account of the Ionian revolt against Persia. 16. What is the meaning of the word Kandaules? 17. How does Curtius classify the Greek verbs? 18. Explain the forms τίκτω, σπέιρω, άλλομαι, βάλλω, κράζω, ἐλαύνω, ταράσσω, βλάπτω. 19. How is L. sim connected with Gr. ɛiny, and from what older form are both derived? 20. In what cases is the article used in a demonstrative sense in Attic prose? 21. In what different senses is the genitive employed with verbs? 22. Explain the various ways in which the Greek participle may be used. 23. What is the difference between ei kai and kai ɛi? 24. What is Grimm's law of the interchange of the consonants in the European languages? What English words are connected with yóvu, γυνή, δόρυ, κύων, φύω, τίθημι 25. Show how Gr. réoσapes, L. quatuor, and E. four, are connected together. LIVY. MR. ABBOTT. Translate the following passages into English: : [N. B.-Special credit will be given for elegance of style.] 1. Beginning, Quod malum, præterquam atrox, Lib. xvi. c. 53. 2. Beginning, Secundum eos citati nimis callidi exsolvendi...... Ending, pecuniam ab ærario petiturum esse. 3. Beginning, Ad quem nuncium nihil ultra motus Ending, eos qui ferebant versum, venabulo trajicit. Lib. xxiv. c. 18. Lib. xxv. c. 9. 4. Beginning, Antinous et Theodotus principes ejus civitatis erant ;.... Ending, urbs dedita est Romanis. Lib. xlv. c. 26. 1. Write notes on the preceding passages where required. 2. Give some account of the historical works which appeared in Rome before or during the time of Livy. When did Polybius and Dionysius flourish, and what periods are comprised in their histories? 3. Give an account of the proceedings of the Romans at Messana before the first Punic War. 4. Compare the economy and the constitutions of Carthage and of Rome. 5. Discuss the change in the conditions of the allies and of the Latins after the war with Hannibal. 6. What was the ancient form of the Latin ablative? Are there any instances of its preservation ? 7. Mention any Greek or English (Saxon) words which have the same origin as the following Latin words, and explain in each case the changes of vowels and consonants: Edes, somnus, sero (sevi) sero (serui) veho, video, bibo, vivo, lingua, potis. 8. What is the origin of such forms as alumnus, Vertumnus, &c.? MR. GRAY. Translate the following passage into Latin Prose :— To the recital of matters past, he subjoined, that "his intention was to depart shortly for Italy, and to carry with him all his troops; that they should hear, within ten days, of the garrisons having evacuated Demetrias; and that Chalcis, the citadel of Corinth, should instantly be delivered up to the Achæans: that all the world might know which deserved better the character of deceivers, the Romans or the Etolians, who had spread insinuations, that when the cause of liberty was intrusted to the Romans, it was put into dangerous hands, and that they had only changed masters, being subjugated now to the Romans, as formerly to the Macedonians. But they were men who never scrupled what they either said or did. The rest of the nations he advised to form their estimate of friends from deeds, not from words; and to satisfy themselves whom they ought to trust, and against whom they ought to be on their guard; to use liberty with moderation: for, when regulated by prudence, it was productive of happiness both to individuals and to states; but, when pushed to excess, it became not only obnoxious to others, but precipitated the possessors of it themselves into dangerous rashness and extravagance. He recommended, that those at the head of affairs, and all the several ranks of men in each particular state, should cultivate harmony between themselves; and that all should direct their views to the general interest of the whole. For, while they acted in concert, no king or tyrant would ever be able to overpower them: but discord and dissension gave every advantage to the arts of an adversary; as the party worsted in a domestic dispute generally chose to unite with foreigners, rather than submit to a countryman of their own. He then exhorted them, as the arms of others had procured their liberty, and the good faith of foreigners had returned it safe into their hands, to apply now their own diligent care to the watching and guarding of it; that the Roman people might perceive that those on whom they had bestowed liberty were deserving of it, and that their kindness was not ill placed."-BAKER'S LIVY. Translate the following passage into Latin Hexameters : As the good shepherd tends his fleecy care, Then palaces shall rise; the joyful son And the same hand that sow'd shall reap the field. POPE. Translate the following passage into Greek Prose :— When the generals returned, Thrasybulus spoke to this effect: ----- 'To you," said he, "men from the city, my advice is to know yourselves; and you will most effectually do so by considering what it is upon which you ought to presume so far as to aspire to govern us. Is it because you are more upright? And yet the people, though poorer than you, have never yet done you any wrong for sake of your possessions; while you, who surpass all in wealth, have been guilty of many and disreputable acts for the sake of gain. As you have no pretension to justice, consider whether you ought, therefore, to presume upon your valour. And what could be a better criterion of this than the manner in which we fought with each other? Can you, then, claim a superiority in judgment; when, although you had fortifications, and arms, and the Peloponnesians to help you, you were humbled by men who had none of these advantages? Or do you imagine that you have a right to presume upon Lacedæmonian support? How can you? For they deserted you, after tying you up like quarrelsome dogs, and surrendering you to the vengeance of this people.' Translate the following passage into Greek Iambic Verse: I had my trial, And, must needs say, a noble one; which makes me A little happier than my wretched father: Yet thus far we are one in fortunes,-both Fell by our servants, by those men we loved most; Heaven has an end in all; yet, you that hear me, Like water from ye, never found again But when they mean to sink you. All good people, SHAKSPEARE. EXAMINATION FOR LICENSE IN ENGINEERING. THEORY OF THE STEAM ENGINE. MR. GALBRAITH. 1. From the following data calculate the pressure in the cylinder of a condensing engine before the steam is cut off:-Cylinder, 54 inches; stroke, 4 feet 4 inches; revolutions, 21; evaporation, 3; and expansion, 75. 2. From the same data find the horse-power. 3. From the same data, excepting the velocity, and supposing the boiler pressure to be 50 lbs. ; find the horse-power, and number of revolutions, when the engine is producing the greatest useful effect. 4. Find the diameter of cylinder of a low-pressure condensing engine from the following data :-Stroke, 5 feet 4 inches; steam cut off at §; revolutions, 18; evaporation, 1.2; and horse-power, 150. 5. From the following dimensions of a locomotive :-Driving wheel, 7 feet; cylinders, 16 inches; stroke, 21 inches; and evaporation, 2 cubie feet per minute; find the weight which may be drawn along a level rail at 32 miles per hour. MINING. DR. HAUGHTON. 1. In West Pink mine, Carrow's Gossan lode underlays South 25°, and intersects the Tin lode at 51.2 fathoms deep; the Tin lode itself underlays 38° North, and is shifted 10.6 fathoms by Carrow's Gossan; find, in fathoms, the distance South of the Gossan lode outcrop at which the outcrop of the Tin lode may be expected. Find the bearing and underlay of their common intersection. 3. Borings for coal are made at three points, A, B, C; and the bed is found at depths a, b, c; explain the mode of finding the bearing and dip of the seam. 4. A Rise Colliery, on working towards its dip boundary, finds that the Dip Colliery has transgressed bounds, and has been cutting away the coal of the Rise Colliery, for probably a considerable number of years. If you were consulted, professionally, by the owners of the Rise Colliery, how would you advise them to make their claim for compensation? 5. Give the chemical composition, colour and streak, hardness, specific gravity, crystallization, and blowpipe characters of Wolfram. |