42. In the reign of Henry III., 1265. "It is the date of a confirmed representation of the people in a House of Commons." 43. They suffered great injustice and cruelty; in 1290 about 15,000 were banished from England. 44. With Robert II., nephew and successor of David II., and son of the High Steward of Scotland, hence the surname. 45. The right to the throne through his mother Isabella, and assumed the motto, “God and my right," which English kings have ever since retained; captured Calais 1347, which remained in possession of the English 211 years. 46. In 1356, when the Black Prince was victorious over the French. 47. Son of the Scotch king Duncan, who fled to England, and through the aid of Edward the Confessor ascended the throne as Malcolm III., 1056. Married English princess Margaret. 48. Son and successor of Malcolm III., succeeded by Malcolm IV. 49. Daughter of Malcolm III., and wife of Henry I. of England. 50. He married Matilda, sole surviving child of Henry I. and Maud. On the death of Stephen, 1154, their son became Henry II. of England. 51. Son of fifth daughter of William of Normandy, who claimed the throne at the death of Henry I. 52. Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England, but incurring the dislike of Henry II. was treacherously murdered in the Cathedral in 1170. 53. Called Coeur-de-Lion, or the Lion-l earted; son of Henry II.; great crusader; brought distress and poverty on his country. D. 1190. 54. Brother of Richard I.; cruel and cowardly; signed famous Magna Charta in 1215, which secured certain rights and privileges to citizens. 55. Henry III., John's eldest son, in whose reign the greater part of Westminster Abbey was built. 56. Elder son of Henry III., one of the greatest of England's sovereigns; conquered Wales; his infant son created Prince of Wales, which title has ever since been retained by the Crown Prince of England. 57. Scotch patriot, who gallantly endeavored to restore to Scotland her independence; delivered to Edward, and was executed 1305. 58. Grandson of Robert Bruce, who wrested the crown of Scotland from Edward II., at the famous battle of Bannockburn, June 24, 1314. 59. Eldest son of Edward III., who fought with his father for the throne of France, and was victorious in the battle of Poictiers, also Cressy, 1346; here he took the crest of the dead king of Bohemia (three ostrich feathers) and the motto "I serve," which have ever since been retained by the Prince of Wales. 60. Grandson of Edward I., and father of the Black Prince; long reign, brilliant for foreign wars, great progress in law and the fine arts. 61. Son of the Black Prince; reign marked by insurrections; banished his cousin Henry Duke of Lancaster, who took advantage of his absence in Ireland, and returned with army; deposed Richard, who was soon afterwards murdered. 62. Usurper, for he was descendant of fourth son of Edward, while Edmund Mortimer, descendant of the third son, was living. 63. Henry V., son of Henry IV.; waged war with France; died 1422. His son Henry VI. continued war with France until conquered by Charles VII., who, with assistance from Joan of Arc, freed the country. Henry VI., Duke of Lancaster, married Margaret of Anjou, by whom he had a son Edward. Richard of York opposed Henry to obtain possession of throne, claiming right of descent from Edward's third son. Battle of St. Albans; Henry VI. prisoner. Thus began the "Wars of the Roses." (York-White; Lancaster-Red.) 64. Margaret fled to Scotland, raised an army, defeated Richard of York, and regained possession of her husband; Richard killed; Edward, son of Richard, compelled her to retreat, and entering London was proclaimed King Edward IV. Edward V. was eldest son of Edward Duke of York, who on his father's death was proclaimed king, and his uncle Richard Duke of Gloster appointed Protector. The king (twelve years of age) and his young brother were placed in the Tower and murdered, and the Duke of Gloster was proclaimed King Richard III. 1483. SOCIAL HOURS MODERN HISTORY. EUROPEAN POWERS. "GIVE IT UP HOME GILTURE TEST EXERCISES. [the world? 1. What is understood by the term Modern History? 2. Explain the causes of advancement in civilization? 3. With what three discoveries did science aid, advance, and enlighten BRITAIN. 4. Who delivered England from the power of the usurper Richard III.? 5. Who did Henry VII. marry, and what was his character? 6. What remarkable discovery was made in the reign of Henry VII.? 7. What title was conferred on Henry VIII. by the Pope? 8. Explain the immediate cause of the Reformation in England. 9. During what reign did commerce, arts and learning make great strides ? 10. What led to the troubles between Charles I. and his people? 11. Who were the Covenanters, and who the Cavaliers ? 12. How long did Cromwell hold the position of Protector? 13. What was the condition of England in the 17th century? 14. What Act of Parliament in 1701 settled the succession of the throne? 15. Explain how the House of Hanover came in possession of the crown. 16. Name the principal points of interest in the reigns of the four Georges. 17. What was remarkable in the reign of William IV., brother of George IV.? 18. How did Victoria become Queen of England? 19. How and when was the name Great Britain applied to England? Who were the following persons? When and why were they ac corded a prominent place in history? 20. Thomas Wolsey, 21. Lady Jane Grey, 24. Mary, Queen of Scots, 27. Oliver Cromwell, 28. Charles II., 22. Bloody Queen Mary, 25. The Puritans, 29. Prince of Orange, 31. The Young Chevalier, 32. Lord George Gordon, 33. Lord Wellington, FRANCE. 34. Prince Albert, 38. Edmund Burke. 39. What king of France was contemporary with Henry VI. of England? 40. What king of France was imprisoned by his subject, and why? 41. What French king was entitled "the father of his people"? 42. In whose reign was the "Field of the Cloth of Gold," and why so named? 43. What French king married Mary, Queen of Scots? 44. What famous massacre took place in the reign of Charles IX.? 45. What famous commander was the first Bourbon king? 46. What influence did Cardinal Richelieu have on the Protestant cause? 47. What feature in common marked the reign of the Stuarts in England, and the Bourbons of France? 48. What French king reigned 72 years, and what were "Lettres de cachet"? 49. What rulers of England were contemporary with Louis XIV.? 50. What were the chief causes which led to the French Revolution? 51. What was the "Reign of Terror" ? 52. What incident brought Napoleon Bonaparte before the notice of the Directory," the ruling power of France? 66 53. What produced a collapse of Napoleon's power, which for 12 years. had been the scourge of Europe? 54. What features have marked French History during the 19th century? Who where the following persons? When and why were they ac corded a prominent place in history? 55. Catharine de Medici, 56. Mazarin, 57. General Paola, 58. Louis XV. and XVI., 59. Prince of Condé, 60. Marie Antoinette, 61. Duke d'Enghien, 62. Marshal Ney, 63. Lamartine, 64. Napoleon II. and III., 67. Gambetta, 68. Robespierre. GERMANY AND POLAND. 69. When and in what country did the Reformation have its birth? 70. Who was the greatest monarch of Germany? 71. How did religious differences bring about a "Thirty Years' War” in Germany? 72. What two kings fought for the "Spanish Succession," for their re spective son and grandson ? 73. What great Prussian king joined in the war for the "Austrian Succession?" 74. What Empire of over a thousand years was overthrown by Napoleon? 75. What was the German and the North-German Confederation? 76. What was the result to Germany of the Franco-German War? 77. What states compose the German Empire of 1884. What rendered the following persons famous in Germany and Polish THE NETHERLANDS, NORWAY, SWEDEN AND DENMARK. 87. What states are known as the Netherlands, and when did their his torical importance commence? 88. What is the present form of government? 89. When were Norway, Sweden and Denmark united in one kingdom, and when did Sweden become a separate power? 90. When did a celebrated contest take place between Peter the Great and Norway and Sweden? 91. What is the present form of government of Norway and Sweden ? 92. How is Denmark governed, and what alliance has been formed with 99. To what does Russia owe its greatness as a European Power? |