snow. Very little lava flows out, but flame, smoke, and immense volumes of ashes are ejected, which fall thickly over the surrounding country. 38. Stromboli, on the Lipari Islands, Southern Italy, is 3,100 ft. high, and has been in constant activity since the dawn of history. 39. East Peak, 8,500 ft. high, is one of a long range of volcanic mountains, in Alaska Territory, United States. 40. Mt. Agua, or Water Volcano, is noted for emitting vast quantities of hot water, sometimes mingled with stones, by which the old town of Guatemala has been twice destroyed. Height, 15,000 ft. 41. Vesuvius, near the city of Naples, Italy, is a well-known volcano. Its height varies greatly, but at present it is about 4,000 ft. The eruption of 1822 tore off 800 ft. of the top, but the loss has been mainly replaced by subsequent eruptions. The crater is elliptical in shape, three miles around, and two thousand feet deep. The first recorded eruption took place A. D. 79, when the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were covered up with stones, pumice and ashes, and the inhabitants suffocated with sulphurous vapor. Previously, the mountain was covered with famous vines, and its ancient crater was partly filled with water. Sixty great eruptions, and many minor ones, have since taken place, covering the site of ancient Herculaneum, 80 to 100 ft. thick, with the debris. 42. Most Continental islands are only the higher parts of submarine mountains, which extend for hundreds and even thousands of miles from the main land, forming chains of islands. 43. With scarcely an exception, Oceanic islands have been produced by volcanic action, or by coral insects. [and Fiji. 44. The Azores, Iceland, Sandwich, Cape Verde, Ladrone, Mauritius, 45. There are thousands in all. The Caroline Islands contain sixty groups of atolls. Many volcanic islands are fringed with coral reefs. 46. They are in the Pacific, twelve miles from the Peruvian coast, and greatly noted for their extensive guano deposits. 47. The Banks of Newfoundland form the greatest submarine plateau known, being 200 miles in breadth, and from 500 to 600 in length. The depth of water on the banks is from 20 to 108 fathoms. [Keys. 48. Keys are small, rocky islands of coral formation; as, the Florida 49. When first discovered they contained neither insects nor reptiles, and no animal larger than a dog. 50. Australia is about four-fifths the size of the United States. 51. Madagascar is 1,130 miles long, by 350 wide. Its area is 225,000 sq. miles, or equal to Spain and Portugal combined. 52. Cuba (5,800 sq. m.) is about the size of Tennessee; Hayti (28,000 sq. m.), of South Carolina; Jamaica (6,400 sq. m.) is larger than Connecticut and Rhode Island combined. 53. 32,500 sq. miles, or about the size of Maine. 54. 7,600 sq. miles, being about equal to Massachusetts. 55. About 16,000 sq. miles, or equal to New Jersey and Massachusetts. 56. Long Island, N. Y.; area, 1,682 sq. miles. [15,000 sq. miles. 57. Marajo, or Joannes, at the mouth of the Amazon; area, about 58. Great Britain (including England, Scotland, and Wales), 89,600 sq. miles, or equal to Kansas and Maryland put together. Name. Part of country. S. coast of Africa, N.W. coast of Alaska, E. coast of Nova Scotia, 66 W. " "Peru, "Africa. "Massachusetts, Projects into. Atlantic Ocean. Arctic Ocean. Atlantic Ocean. Pacific Ocean. Pacific Ocean. Atlantic Ocean. Mediterranean Sea. Atlantic Ocean. "N. Carolina, English Channel. Behring Strait. 1. How is a river described geographically? 2. Which part of the world has the largest rivers? 3. Which is the largest and longest river, and how far navigable? 4. Which is the longest river in the Old World, and for what is it remarkable? 5. What large river flows into the Caspian Sea? 6. What very noted river in Palestine? 7. What river drains the great North American Lakes? 8. Name and give the approximate length of the largest tributary of the Mississippi? 9. What large rivers on the Pacific Coast of North America? 10. What river on the boundary between the United States and Mexico? 11. Name the two largest rivers of Europe? 12. Which is the largest river of Asia? 13. What large rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal? 14. What river, noted in sacred History, flows into the Persian Gulf? 15. For what is the river Po remarkable? 16. Name the principal rivers of Siberia? 17. Where is the Niger river? 18. Which are the two largest Eastern tributaries of the Mississippi? 19. What river flows into Albemarle Sound? 20. In what directions, and through what countries, does the Rhine flow? 21. Name the principal tributaries of the Amazon? 22. What very large river in the southern part of South America? 23. For what, besides size and length, is the Mississippi noted? 24. What rivers have remarkable Deltas? 25. Name a few remarkable Cataracts? |