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1. APOPLEXY.-"Rush of blood to the head" is often mistaken for a fainting fit, and is distinguished from it by the face being drawn to one side, strong pulse usually, and heavy breathing, followed by redness of the face and hot skin. Keep patient very quiet; apply mustard poultice to the feet, and an injection of strong soap water. Send for a physician. Persons in a fainting fit are very pale, skin becomes cold, pulse and breathing nearly suspended. Lower head, open clothing. Sprinkle water on the face, give current of air by fanning, apply camphor or ammonia upon a handkerchief to the nose; recovery without pain soon follows.

Epilepsy differs from apoplexy by convulsions and rigor; face is distorted and pale. Place the patient in fresh air, where his movements will not endanger him, and loosen the clothing. During the attack little can be done. Force open the mouth, and keep jaws apart by a spoon, cork, or piece of wood, to prevent biting the tongue. Give 30 grain doses of bromide of ammonium three times daily. Drunkenness, stupor from, is recognized by the smell of liquor. Give mustard emetic. If patient cannot swallow, dash water in the face and take him to a quiet place.

Convulsions or Fits.-In children, give a warm bath and soap-water injection. Cold water or ice in cloths to the head, a warm mustard footbath, and mustard plaster to the stomach, are useful. They are often caused by worms or constipation; treat them accordingly. One or two teaspoonfuls of ipecac, or mustard in hot water, to produce vomiting, if stomach is overloaded. Bromide of potassium in 3 grain doses for a child one year old, every two hours, will prevent return.

2. BITES. From hornet or bee sting, bathe with camphor or ammonia. If parts are swollen, apply cold wet cloths. See chapter on Poisons.

3. BLEEDING FROM CUTS.-Before dressing, notice if the blood is dark colored and flows regularly; if so, it can be easily managed. If it is

bright scarlet and spurts out in jets, however small the wound, it indicates an artery is cut; send at once for the doctor. If the cut is slight, the edges should be drawn closely together, and kept in position by narrow strips of adhesive plaster placed cross way the cut, or unsized paper. Steady pressure upon the bleeding point will permanently control even violent bleeding. Apply tincture of arnica or liniment.

Bleeding from the cavity of a Tooth.—Take a little whiting or powdered chalk; roll this up in a small piece of lint or cotton; dip this in spirits of turpentine and press it firmly into the cavity.

Bleeding from the Nose.-A firm and persistent pressure upon the sides. of the nose with the thumb and fingers will generally stop it. Without patient knowing it, apply ice or pour cold water on the back of the neck. Snuff up the nose a little alum in water, or salt and water or vinegar. Through a paper tube or quill blow powdered alum or gum arabic up the nose.

Bleeding from the Lungs.-The blood is coughed up red and frothy, and mixed with spittle. Give a teaspoonful of dry salt, followed by a little cold water, repeating every half hour. Keep the shoulders raised by pillows, and do not allow the person to talk or make any exertion.

Compressing artery of leg to Stopping bleeding of leg by twisted stop bleeding.

handkerchief.

Bleeding from the Stomach.-The blood is vomited and mixed with food, and is not frothy. Keep stomach empty of food or drink, despite of patient's entreaties. Apply ice to pit of stomach, as in all cases of bleeding perfect quiet must be enjoined.

Bleeding from an Artery in the Arm or Leg is stopped by pressure of the finger grasped tightly over the artery, or a knot in a handkerchief or a stout cord, tied tightly between the wound and the body. If you are alone and get a severe cut with axe or scythe, or by a railway accident, use the remedy which has saved hundreds; take a handful of dry earth, and grasp it tightly to the wound till assistance comes. For hemorrhage of the bowels, use small ice-water injections and ice over the abdomen.

Bruises or Wounds, by a blow or fall.-Bathe the parts in cold water, to which a little laudanum is added, and, after the pain has subsided, apply warm water freely, to remove the discoloration and swelling, if the skin is broken, followed by healing applications, such as glycerine or vaseline. (See bleeding from cuts.)

Fractures and Sprains should be bandaged, and oftentimes splints are required; apply tincture of arnica or other healing liniments. (See Broken Bones and Dislocations.)

4. BRAIN, INJURIES TO, by a fall or blow, produce concussion, and are