Judith and Holofernes. A picture by Andrea Mantegna (1430-1506). In the Museum at Florence, Italy.

Judith and Holofernes. One of the frescos of Michael Angelo (1474-1564). In the Sistine Chapel, Rome.

Judith and Holofernes. An admired picture by Cristofano Allori (1577-1621). In the Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy. There are repetitions of this picture, one in the Belvedere, Vienna, another in the Uffizi, Florence.

Juggernaut. A celebrated temple at Juggernaut, in India. It is the most famous place of pilgrimage in Hindostan. The name Juggernaut signifies the Lord of the World. In this temple is an image gorgeously decorated, which is carried on festal days upon a car moving upon wheels, and is drawn by people. The old belief, that while this car was moving along the crowded streets numbers of devout worshippers would throw themselves upon the ground in order to be crushed by the wheels, as an act of sacrifice to the idol deity, is now understood to be a gross exaggeration, the loss of life which occasionally attends the moving ve hicle being the result of accident rather than intention. [Written also Juggernath.]

"The Asiatic Society has presented the French Government with a model of the temple and the processional car of Juggernaut. This precious specimen of art of the Middle Ages (1198) is placed in the Louvre, at Paris." Lefevre. Tr. Donald.

A thousand pilgrims strain

Julian, St. See ST. JULIAN. Julius Cæsar. See DEATH of Ju

LIUS CESAR and TRIUMPHS OF JULIUS CESAR.

Julius II. A celebrated portrait of this pope by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), representing him as seated in an arm-chair, wrapt in meditation. It is adjudged one of Raphael's best portraits. Among the well-known copies of this picture are one in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, one in the National Gallery, London, and another in the Berlin Museum.

Jumma Musjeed. A famous Mohammedan temple or mosque at Delhi, Hindostan. It is built of sandstone and white marble. Jungfernstieg. [The Maiden's Walk.] A fashionable promenade in the city of Hamburg, Germany. It is a broad walk around the sides of a basin of water formed by damming up the small river Alster. It is a scene of much animation on summer evenings when the surface of the water is covered with gaylypainted boats.

Junior United Service Club. A London club, founded in 1826. See UNITED SERVICE CLUB.

Some of our party . made choice of the club-house in Commercial Square [Gibraltar), rather, perhaps, resembling the Junior United Service Club in Charles Street, by which every Londoner has passed ere this with respectful pleasure, catching glimpses of magnificent blazing candelabras, under which sit neat half-pay officers, drinking half-pints of port. Thackeray.

might and main,

To drag that sacred wain,

And scarce can draw along the enormous

goddess in the Villa Ludovisi, Rome, and hence generally known as the Ludovisi Juno. It has been ascribed to the Greek sculptor, Polycleitus the Elder (452?-412 ? B.C.). See BARBERINI JUNO.

"There is a head of 'Juno, Queen,' possessing a grandeur and seriousness altogether sublime. I do not believe there is any thing superior to it in Rome." Taine, Trans.

Juno. See JUPITER AND JUNO. Jupiter [of Phidias]. See OLYMPIAN JUPITER.

Jupiter and Antiope. A wellknown picture by Antonio Allegri, surnamed Correggio (14941534), pronounced "the chef d'ouvre of the master in the mythological class" of subjects. It is now in the tribune of the Louvre, Paris.

Jupiter and Io. See IO AND JUPI

TER.

Jupiter and Juno. A fresco by Annibale Caracci (1560-1609). In the Farnese Palace, Rome. Jupiter, Education of. A picture by Giulio Romano (1492-1546). Now in the National Gallery, London.

Jupiter Latialis. See TEMPLE OF JUPITER LATIALIS.

Jupiter Stator, Temple of. See TEMPLE OF JUPITER STATOR. Jurisprudence. A celebrated fres

co by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520),

representing the science of jurisprudence in its two divisions of ecclesiastical and civil law, with female figures personifying Prudence, Fortitude, and Temperance, and the figures of Pope Gregory XI., and the Emperor Justinian. This picture forms one of the series of four, entitled respectively, Theology, Poetry, Philosophy, and Jurisprudence, which were intended to exhibit the lofty subjects of thought with which the human mind is occupied. They are all in the Camera della Segnatura of the Vatican, Rome.

Justice and Divine Vengeance pursuing Crime. An admired

picture by Pierre Prud'hon (17581823). In the Louvre, Paris. Justice. See BED OF JUSTICE and PALAIS DE JUSTICE.

Justina, St. See ST. JUSTINA AND
THE DUKE OF FERRARA.
Juvenis Adorans. See BoY PRAY-
ING.

Kaabah. See CAABA.

Kailasa. A famous cave-temple at Elora, in the Deccan, India.

"A magnificent jewel in stone, as large as the Royal Exchange of London, made of a single isolated rock, hollowed within and magnificently carved without. Nothing is wanting to render its proportions, its grace, and its beauty perfect. The hand of a master must have fashioned this gorgeous structure which comprises chapels, porticos, colonnades supported by figures of elephants, two basilisks 39 feet high, a pagoda 100 feet high, flights of stairs, and galleries made solemn with a dim and almost a religious light. The whole structure covers a space of 340 feet in length by 190 feet in breadth, and the exterior walls are separated from the cliff to which the rock originally belonged by an excavated passage 26 to 32 feet in width; so that this wonderful rock-temple is completely isolated in the centre of a court hollowed out in the flank of the hill. Time, passing over the walls covered with innumerable statues, has blackened them; but in robbing them of much it has also imparted to them a real beauty. And here it may be remarked that the strange sculptures of Elora are only to be compared to the shapeless works of our middle ages; and though they are wanting in the repose of the Egyptian sculptures, they seem to live and breathe with a monstrous life." Lefevre, Tr. Donald.

Kaiserstuhl. [Cæsar's Seat.] An eminence rising above Heidelberg, in Germany, and affording a magnificent view. Karlstein. [Charles's Stone.] A famous feudal castle, the residence of the Bohemian kings, built in the middle of the fourteenth century, and still in a good state of preservation, not far from Prague.

Karnak, Temple of. See TEMPLE OF KARNAK.

Kasr. A ruin in ancient Babylon on the supposed site of the palace of Nebuchadnezzar.

Katherine Docks. See ST. KATH. ERINE DOCKS.

Kazan Cathedral. The metropolitan church of St. Petersburg, dedicated to our Lady of Kazan, standing upon the Nevskoi Prospekt. It is built of gray Finland granite, and was intended to be a copy of St. Peter's at Rome, having a circular colonnade in front like the latter, but is, however, only a feeble imitation of it.

Where are our shallow fords? and where
The power of Kazan with its fourfold
gates?

From the prison windows our maidens fair
Talk of us still through the iron grates.
Longfellow, Adaptation.

Kazan looks down from the Volga wall,
Bright in the darkest weather;
And the Christian chime and the Moslem
call

Sound from her towers together.
E. D. Proctor.

Kazan, Defile of. An extraordinary pass in the Lower Danube, through which the river rushes. A road is carried along the bank by tunnelling through the perpendicular cliffs.

Kearsarge, The. A Union ship of war, commanded by Capt. Winslow, which, on the 19th of June, 1864, destroyed the Confederate privateer Alabama, off the coast of France, near Cherbourg. Kelso Abbey. An ancient ruined monastery in the town of Kelso, Scotland.

Kenilworth Castle. A magnificent ruined mansion, one of the most interesting and picturesque feudal remains in England, at Kenilworth, near Leamington. It is familiar to readers through the description of Sir Walter Scott in his novel of the same name. Kenilworth Castle was one of the strongholds of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, in his insurrection against Henry

III. John of Gaunt, coming into possession of the castle, enlarged

it

by magnificent buildings. Queen Elizabeth bestowed it upon Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, who also made important additions. It was dismantled after the civil war of Charles I.

"Of this lordly palace, where princes feasted and heroes fought, now in the bloody earnest of storm and siege, now in the games of chivalry, where beauty dealt the prize which valor won, all is now desolate. The massy ruins of the castle only serve to show what their splendor once was, and to impress on the musing visitor the transitory value of human possessions." Sir Walter Scott.

"Some of the ivy that mantles this building has a trunk as large as a man's body, and throws out numberless strong arms, which, interweaving, embrace and interlace half-falling towers, and hold them up in a living, grow. ing mass of green. The walls of one of the oldest towers are sixteen feet thick. The former moat presents only a grassy hollow. What was formerly the gate-house is still inhabited by the family who have the care of the building. The land around is choicely and carefully laid out." Mrs. H. B. Stowe.

Heards't thou what the Ivy sighed,
Waving where all else hath died,
In the place of regal mirth,
Now the silent Kenilworth.

Felicia Hemans.

Kennedy. See CASTLE KENNEDY.

some

20

Kennington Common. An enclosure (comprising acres) in Lambeth, London, once celebrated as a place of gathering for pugilists and also itinerant preachers, and memorable as the scene of the great Chartist meeting in 1848. It has now been converted into a park. Whitefield used to preach here to great crowds of people.

"Sunday, May 6, 1731. At six in the evening went and preached at Kennington, but such a sight I never saw before. Some supposed there were above 30,000 or 40,000 people, and near fourscore coaches, besides great numbers of horses; and there was such an awful silence amongst them, and the word of God came with such power, that all seemed pleasingly sur

prised. I continued my discourse for an hour and a half."

George Whitefield's Diary. Kennington Park. A modern park in London, formerly known as Kennington Common. See

supra.

Kensal-Green Cemetery. On the Harrow Road, two and a half miles beyond Paddington, London. It occupies eighteen acres. Kensington. A parish of London, containing several hamlets. The palace of Kensington is in St. Margaret's parish, Westminster. Kensington Gardens. Extensive pleasure-grounds attached to Kensington Palace, London, England, much frequented during the London season. The gardens were

laid out in the time of William III., and at first consisted of only 26 acres.

Where Kensington high o'er the neighboring lands

Midst greens and sweets a regal fabric stands,

And sees each spring, luxuriant in her bowers,

A snow of blossoms and a wild of flowers, The dames of Britain oft in crowds repair To groves and lawns and unpolluted air. Thomas Tickell.

Wise and Loudon are our heroic poets; and if, as a critic, I may single out any passage of their works to commend, I shall take notice of that part in the upper garden at Kensington, which at first was nothing but a gravel-pit. Spectator.

Here in Kensington are some of the most poetical bits of tree and stump and sunny brown and green glen, and tawny earth. Haydon.

Kensington Museum. See SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM.

Kensington Palace. A royal residence of the English sovereigns, situated about two miles west of London. William and Mary lived here, and here Mary died in 1694, and William in 1702. After the death of William III., Anne and Prince George of Denmark lived at Kensington Palace, the latter dying here in 1708, and the former in 1714. Queen Victoria was born here May 24, 1819. It formerly contained the collection of pictures known as the Kensington Collection.

Kent's Hole. A cavern near Torquay, England, celebrated for its Ossiferous remains.

Kevin's Kitchen. See ST. KEVIN'S KITCHEN.

Kew Botanical Gardens. An enclosure, 270 acres in extent, at Kew, near London, containing the plants, flowers, and vegetable curiosities of all countries.

Keyne's Well. See ST. KEYNE'S WELL.

Keys of St. Peter. See DELIVERING THE KEYS.

Khasne, The. The great temple of Petra, occupying an unrivalled situation opposite the opening of the Sik, and in full view of every one entering the city. Almost the entire structure is hewn in the rock; and the age, and even the purpose of the monument, are matters of controversy. Its name, meaning "the Treasure,"

was

given to it by the Arabs, who have a tradition that vast treasures of jewels and money were once placed in the urn upon the top of the façade, where they are still carefully guarded by jealous genii.

"With consummate skill have the architects of Petra availed themselves of remarkable natural formation to dazzle the stranger, as he emerges from an all but subterranean defile, by the enchanting prospect of one of their noblest monuments. Most fortunate, too, were they in the material out of which it is hewn; for the rosy tint of the portico, sculptured pediment, and statues overhead, contrasts finely with the darker masses of rugged cliff above and around, and the deep green of the vegetation at its base. The monument is in wonderful preservation; some of the most delicate details of the carving are as fresh and sharp as if executed yesterday."

Murray's Handbook. "Its position is wonderfully fine, and its material and preservation very striking; but it is inconceivable how any one can praise its architecture. This temple, called by the Arabs Pharaoh's Treasury,' is absolutely set in a niche." Miss Martineau.

"One of the most elegant remains of antiquity existing in Syria." Burckhardt.

"The typical and most beautiful tomb of this place [Petra] is that called the Khasne, or Treasury of Pharaoh. . . . Though all the forms of the architecture are Roman, the details are so elegant and generally so well designed, that there must have been some Grecian influence brought to bear upon the work." Fergusson.

Khuttub Minar. A famous pillar in the neighborhood of Delhi, India. It is of a circular form, 240 feet in height, with a base of 35 feet, diminishing to less than 10 feet at the top. It consists of five stories, the three lower being of red sandstone, and the two upper of white marble.

"As I stood a short distance from the base, my gaze travelling slowly from bottom to top, and from top to bottom, Mr. Place declared it to be the finest single tower in the world, and asked me whether I did not think so. I said 'no,' for just then I had Giotto's Florentine Campanile and the Giralda of Seville in mind, and could not venture to place it above them; but the longer I looked, the more its beauty grew upon me; and after spending three or four hours in its vicinity, I no lon ger doubted. It is, beyond question, the finest shaft in the world."