Union. His duties as a citizen are his assessments, the blessings of government his dividends. Faithfully to discharge the former, properly to prize the latter, what can better fit him than acquaintance with political science and history? If he aspires to a directorship in the greater of these corporations, statistics show "a classical training to multiply his chances of election seven hundred and fifty times." Finally, in the marts of trade as well as in the halls of legislation, the man of business, schooled in logic, rhetoric and literature, possesses increased powers of persuasion, and a consequent advantage over his rivals.

In war, discipline is mightier than numbers. In the battle of life the victory is won, not by abundance of resources, but by skill in their use. So, in the world of business, better than capital, better than all the facts of the cyclopædia, is that control of the mental operations acquired only by a course of study. The object of the curriculum, as of the gymnasium, is to train. The latter strengthens the body and skills us in the use of our muscles; the former develops the intellect and teaches us to employ our mysterious mental forces. College training enlarges the faculties, quickens the energies, and promotes those mental habits which are the very foundation of business success. The study of language trains one to analyze, reflect and discriminate. Mathematics requires concentration of thought and inculcates accuracy, while the sciences increase the powers of observation.

The enforced daily recitations of the student accustom him to use the full measure of his mental capacity within a limited time. To this habit college-trained men of business owe that power to summon and concentrate their energies which enable them to undertake so much. Chauncey M. Depew, charming multitudes with his eloquence, influencing the decisions of vast political conventions, and guarding the interests of a great corporation, is a living witness to the efficacy of this training.

A college course is but an education in embryo. Yet this beginning is progressive and liberal. It regards ideas as the dominant forces of the world, and makes man susceptible to

all the influences about him. The college-trained man of business rejoices at every intellectual advance, welcomes every material invention. He is open to conviction, superior to prejudice, unfettered by custom. Breadth of view, originality of thought, and independence of action more than compensate for the years spent in study. Facts confirm the assertion of Lord Macaulay: "The business man who up to the age of twenty-one pursues an education whose only effect is to open and invigorate the mind, will at the age of twentythree have surpassed him who entered the same position at eighteen, and remained in it continually."

A college training engenders in the man of business correct habits of action. Patient, methodical work characterizes the true student's life. The aim of his course is accomplished only after years of toil in which he "learns to labor and to wait." His greatest joy is in surmounting obstacles,in making his stumbling-blocks stepping-stones to higher achievements. The definiteness of purpose and the enthusiastic perseverance thus woven into his character are the eternal conditions of success, and traits particularly needed in this age of speculation and gambling. Thus with a mind well stored and well disciplined, the student leaves the theoretical and plunges into the practical. The market value of his college training is seen in his superior business ability. His diploma, though not necessarily a pass-port to wealth, certifies to an education which "makes his earning capacity three times that of the man educated in the common school, and twice that of the academy graduate."

Yet the chief advantage of a college training is not the enhanced possibility of obtaining riches, but the culture that puts every form of industrious activity upon a higher plane, and lifts one out of the narrowness of self into the broader sphere of humanity. The highest culture is born of the refining influences of education and the sanctifying power of religion. It infuses life into the mere automaton and makes of it "man created in the image of God." It emancipates the slave of appetite and passion and restores him to his rightful position, "but a little lower than the angels." It broadens the intellect, purifies the heart, sweetens the man

ners;-in short, makes life worth living. The man of business has special need of this culture to keep his thrift from degenerating into avarice, his enterprise from sinking into worldliness.

Such are the benefits of a college training for the man of business: a knowledge which is power; a skill in the use of his talents, which is wealth; a higher humanity, of priceless value and of endless duration.

THE

FREDERICK II AND FREDERICK III.

CLARK PRIZE ORATION.

'HE Holy Roman Empire was in its decline. Its imperial crown for centuries, had rested heavily upon the German "fatherland," breaking down and destroying its once mighty unity. Its name had become an empty pomp; its glory was soon to pass away forever. Slowly through the centuries, the simple, sturdy House of Hohenzollern had grown and arisen to power. The rocky heights of Zollern gave courage and valor to that race of warriors. Opposition to the past was its secret spring of action. Germany and the eighteenth century were fitting to be the scene and the age of this conflict between the old and the new, between the empire and the dynasty, between oppression and liberty. Frederick II, whom history has called "The Great," appeared in this period of transition, as that center about which great events should cluster; the corner stone, upon which the structure of modern Europe should rest.

In the mid-day of the century, Frederick William, Prussia's second king, passed away. It was a doubtful legacy which he left the young Frederick. On the one hand the kingdom was not yet fifty years old; had but little nationality and was scarcely recognized by the rulers of Europe. On the other hand, the army was large, the best trained of any on the continent and the treasury was filled to overflowing. Grave responsibilities and glorious possibilities for a young prince! Frederick assumed the purple and looked about him for war. The long contested province of Silesia gave the pretext, and he threw down the gauntlet to the empress of Austria. Was it personal aggrandizement? Was it to avenge the wrongs of his fathers? Was it to make Prussia a power among the nations? History gives conflicting testimony. Two years of campaigning wrested Silesia and Clatz from Austria.

Frederick had dreamed of glory, but terrible was awakening. Silently, but surely, the toils were being thrown about him. France, Austria, Russia and the smaller German states combined in a secret alliance, and save the

scanty aid which England sent him, Frederick stood alone on the continent. Against fearful odds, Frederick and Prussia went into that war which lasted seven long years. He emerged from it as Frederick the Great; and Prussia, as a power among nations. How it thrilled Prussia to have at last a king who could stand against the world! Imperial grandeur was a bauble, compared with his heroism.

The man came out during this long campaign bold, courageous, ever ready to take the initiative in battle, bravest and most heroic in the hour of seeming defeat. How Prague, Rossbach and Torgan sounded his praises! Indomitable spirit, the defeat at Kolin and Kunersdorf could not crush it.

Peace at last restored by the treaty of Rubertsburg, Frederick was king over a victorious, but war-ravaged land. More than ever he toiled for what he deemed the good of of his people; he became indeed " Vater Fritz." Stern and severe he might have been, yet a strong arm was needed at Prussia's helm, and strong measures were demanded to strengthen its depressed people. We may not love but we must admire him, despite his faults. Born amid warring times, he loved peace better than strife; born in a century infamous for intrigue and deception, he loved truth better than falsehood. The times were out of joint. Frederick alone could not set them right. He did the best he could; he gave his land religious toleration, and provided juster laws than it had known. True, Frederick saw not the possibilities of a united "fatherland." German though he was, he was first of all a Hohenzollern; with him it was dynasty before empire. It was not time for German unity. Italy, the patriot's home, was wrapped in sleep. The black clouds of war were gathering in every quarter of the heavens. The thunder-bolts were yet to fall, which should cleanse and purify Europe's murky atmosphere, and usher in the dawn of peace, liberty and unity to the lands of Paradiso and Faust. The Prussia of Frederick the Great, though sacrificed on the altar of Napoleon's ambition, was to rise, Phoenix-like from its ashes with a youth eternal.