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termination of, ii, 502; ores in
U. S., vii, 532; processes with,
viii, 522.
Niederwald plot, ix, 358.
Niége, oleomargarine process of,
vii, 661.

Nieritz, K. G., sketch, i, 606.
Niessl, G. von, observations by,

viii, 25.

Niger, the, exploration of, v, 290.
Nihilism in Russia, iii, 744; Meli-

koff's policy, vi, 795; methods,
vi, 802; beginning, vii, 736.
Nihilists, iv, 681; disturbances by,
iv, 776, 777; v, 662, 664; ar-
rests and trial of, for the mur-
der of the Czar, vi, 796; two
sections of, vi, 797; proclama-
tions of, vi, 798; attempt to
assassinate Gen. Teherevin, vi,
799; alleged plot of, in Switz-
erland, vi, 829; omitted from
amnesty, viii, 706; arrests,
viii, 709; ix, 711.

Nile, composition of waters, i, 99.
Nilson, S., discovery by, iv, 187;

experiments, v, 87; vii, 117;
obit., viii, 603.
Nisero affair, ix, 558.
Nitrate deposits in Chili, iii, 95;
in Peru, iii, 688; vi, 276; viii,
124.

Nitric acid as a solvent, i, 98.
Nitric ferments, vi, 98.
Nitrification, iii, 83.

Nitrites in water, test for, vii, 91.
Nitrogen absorbed by plants, i, 92.
Nitzsch, K. W., obit., v, 601.
Nobel, discovery by, iv, 131.
Noble, Matthew, sketch, i, 607.
Nöggerath, J., obit., ii, 607.
Nollet and Van Malderen, inven-

tion by, iii, 275.
Nominations, Presidential.

See

United States, vols. i and v.
Nonconformists, use of title "Rev."

by, i, 25; burial of, in parish
churchyards, iii, 13.
Non-intervention among nations,

the principle of, vii, 618; sci-
ence of international law, 618-
622; responsibility of nations,
623; intervention when asked
for, 625; when nationality is
involved, 625; union of states,
626; cases of succession and
religion, 627; the Roman ques-
tion, 627.
Nordenskiöld, explorations of, i,

828; iii, 354; iv, 411; viii, 28;
in Greenland, 384.
Nordqvist, explorations by, iv, 412.
Norris, experiments by, viii, 633.
North Borneo Co., the, vi, 329.
Northbrook, Lord, sketches, i, 406;
v, 580.

Northbrook Island, vii, 334.
North Carolina, in every volume.
Northeast passage, search for, iv,
411; Nordenskiöld's conclu-
sions as to, iv, 415.
Northen, Adolf, obit., i, 639.
Northwest passage, iii, 354, 355.
Norton, Caroline. See Maxwell.
Norton, W. A., obit., viii, 592.
Norway. See Sweden.
Nova Scotia, viii, 584; ix, 594.
Noxious insects and plant parasites,
vi, 669.

Noyes, A. C., obit., v, 594.
Nubar Pasha, iv, 329, 330;

237.

Numismatic discovery, ii, 411.
Nuñez, Dr., sketch, viii, 138.
Nussbaumer, observations by, vi,

400.

viii, 416; diplomatic corre-
spondence on, viii, 281.
O'Donovan, E., death of, viii, 301.
O'Dwyer, A. C., obit., ii, 608.
Offenbach, J., obit., v, 601.
Office-hunting, vi, 846, 847.
Officials, State, case of Mo. Treas-

urer, iv, 641; Neb. Auditor, v,
549; N. J. Treasurer, v, 566;
county, payment of, by fees,
vi, 205.

Officials, U. S., alleged abuse of
power by, iv, 18.

Ogden, W. B., sketch, ii, 614.
vi, Ogier, experiments by, vii, 89.
Ogilvie, R. A., obit., iv, 701.
Oglethorpe Celebration, viii, 389.
Ogowé river, exploration of, iv,
401; vi, 328; vii, 336.
Ohio, in every volume.
Oil, a new, viii, 111.
Oil, calming waves with, experi-
ments, vii, 660.
Oil-cloths, floor, viii, 97.
Okechobee, lake, drainage of, viii,
309.

Nut-pine tree, utility of, iv, 658.
Nutrients, function of, viii, 343;

proportions of, in foods, 348.
Nutritive ingredients and values of
the food we eat, vi, 670; com-
parative cost of, viii, 346.
Nutt, G. W. M., obit., vi, 686.
Nye, J. W., obit., i, 621.

Oakey, Emily S., obit., viii, 593.
Oath, the iron-clad, iv, 24; decis-
ions on, iv, 24.

Oaths and affirmations in British

Parliament, the Bradlaugh
case, vi, 627; vii, 365; viii,
409; Cong. Union on, viii, 155.
Oaths, test, for jurors, iv, 293; de-

cisions on, in Florida, 376.
Oatman, Dr. J. S., obit., i, 622.
Obeidullah, surrender and rescue
of, vii, 804; obit., viii, 603.
Obelisks, ix, 595.
O'Brien, W. S., obit., iii, 642.
Obituaries, in every volume.
Obligations of Contracts, vii, €48;
case of Virginia bonds, 648; of
Louisiana, 652; Supreme Court
decisions, 653.
Obrenovitch, house of, vii, 739.
Obstruction, resolution in Parlia-

ment on, v, 331. See Clôture,
vii, 203, 208.
O'Callahan, E. B., obit., v, 594.
Ocarina, ix, 625.

O'Keefe, E., obit., v, 594,
Oklobjio, I. D., sketch, ii, 621.
Okubo, assassination of, in Japan,
iii, 462.

Old Catholics, i, 649; ii, 621; iii,

669; iv, 704; v, 609; Arch-
bishop of Canterbury on reso-
lutions of, i, 22; abolition of
priestly celibacy, iii, 669; com-
munion in both kinds, iii, 670;
recognition asked of Angli-
cans, iv, 32; relations with the
Papacy, v, 609.

Olden, C. S., obit., i, 622.
Oldham, Thos., obit., iii, 659.
Old Ironsides, history, vi, 620.
Oleomargarine, its manufacture,

vii, 661; ix, 2; N. Y. law on,
664; foreign demand for, ii,
112; tests for, vii, 89.
O'Loghlen, Sir C., obit., ii, 603.
O'Mahony, J., obit., ii, 585.
Omer Pasha, obit., iv, 701.
Omohundro, J. B., obit., v, 594.
O'Neill, E. C., experiments by, vii,
86.

O'Neill, J., obit., iii, 642.
Ontario, viii, 609; ix, 682.

O'Connell, Morgan, challenged by Opdyke, G., obit., v, 594.
Disraeli, ii, 252.
O'Connor Don, the, bill of, in Par-

liament, iv, 453.
O'Connor, John, expelled from

Ohio Legislature, iii, 666.
O'Conor, Charles, obit. and por-
trait, ix, 626.

Odell, W., observations by, v, 36.
Odger, Geo., obit., ii, 607.
Odlin, Peter, obit., ii, 585.

Opium, attempts to suppress the

use of, ii, 131, 132; iii, 100; vi,
109; culture in China, iii, 100;
in Persia, v, 623; Americans
prohibited from traffic in, v,
704; monopoly in India, vii,
416; reduced trade in China,
viii, 126.

Opium-traffic in India and China,
vi, 703; vii, 666.

O'Donnell, P., crime and trial of, Orange Free State, ix, 115.

Orchilla weed, ix, 498.

Ord, E. O. C., sketch, viii, 611;
service on the Rio Grande, ii,
513, 668

Palikao, Comte de, obit., iii, 660.
Palisa, Dr., discoveries by, ii, 44;
iii, 36; iv, 51; v, 34; vii, 35;
viii, 21, 22.

Order of the Double Dragon, vii, Palladium, new compound of, iii,

102.

Ordnance, improvements in, ii,
622; experiments with, v, 29;
of various countries, vii, 576.
Oregon, in every volume.
Orense, Marquis, obit., v, 602.
Orientalists, Congress of, i, 711.
Orpen, Sir R., obit., i, 639.
Orr, C. A., obit., i, 639.

89.

Palladius, obit., iv, 701.
Palmer, E. H., obit., vii, 647;
sketch, viii, 614; murderers
indicted, viii, 297.
Palmer, N. B., obit., ii, 586.
Palmer, W. B., obit., i, 622.
Palmer, W. P., obit., ix, 610.
Pamir, the, iv, 399.

Orton, Jas., sketch, ii, 628; explo- Panama Canal, vi, 714; vii, 107,

rations, ii, 336.

Orton, Wm., obit., iii, 642.
Osborne, B., obit., vii, 647.
Osgood, Samuel, sketch, v, 614.
Osman Pasha, sketch, ii, 628.
Ostrich-Farming in U. S., vii, 672.
Otter, Admiral H. C., obit., i, 639.
Ouray, Chief, sketch, v, 615.
Overcomers, sect of, vi, 707.
Overdank, crime of, vii, 54, 438.
Overstone, Baron, obit., viii, 603.
Overweg, K., obit., i, 639.
Owen, R. D., sketch, ii, 628.
Oxenford, J., obit., ii, 608.
Oxus, attempt to deflect the, vii,
335.

Oxygen, making of, v, 88; vii, 92;

passive and active, viii, 120.
Oyster-Beds, Deterioration of, vi,
707; protection for, vii, 506;
in Connecticut, ix, 232; in
New Jersey, ix, 571.
"Oyster Navy," the, vi, 529, 532.
Ozone, curative properties of, i, 91;

from oxides of manganese, 92;
liquefaction of, v, 86.

Pacific, South, German Trade on
the, iv, 442.

Pacinotti, inventions by, vi, 253.
Packard, claim to governorship of

Louisiana, i, 489; ii, 455, 465.
Packard, A. S., obit., ix, 610.
Packard, L. R., obit., ix, 610.
Packer, Asa, sketch, iv, 712.
Padelford, S., obit., iii, 642.
Page, Elizabeth P., claim of, in

Congress, vi, 145.

Pahlen, Count, obit., ix, 620.
Paine, R., obit., vii, 641.
Paint, luminous, v, 93.
"Pairing-off" practice in the
House, vii, 199.

Palacky, F., sketch, i, 654.
Paleontological discoveries, ix, 636.
Palestine, explorations in, i, 327,

328; ii, 324; survey, 325.
Palestine, German colonies in, viii,
614; exploration in, ix, 27.
Palffy, Count, obit., i, 640.
Palfrey, J. G., obit., vi, 687.

818-815; viii, 140, 308; ix,
155, 315.

Panslavists, sentence of a leader of,
iii, 426; agitations of, viii, 705.
See Slavs.

Pantelophone, the, vi, 258.
Papacy, the, relations of Germa-

ny, i, 260, 680; ii, 659, 682;
iii, 381; v, 639; vi, 346, 775,
792; vii, 357, 858, note, 724;
viii, 395, 693; with Italy, i,
422, 703; ii, 408, 410, 677; iii,
736; vi, 450, 792; vii, 437, 724;
viii, 692; with Austria, viii,
694; with Belgium, iii, 56; v,
54, 56; viii, 56, 698; with Rus-
sia, vii, 726; viii, 694; with
Switzerland, ii, 682; viii, 694;
with South American govern-
ments, i, 707; with France, iii,
343, 348; vi, 793; vii, 726; viii,
370; in United States, vi, 793;
viii, 694; establishment of the
hierarchy in Scotland, iii, 732;
instructions to bishops in U.
S., iii, 737; the papal guaran-
tees, ii, 408; viii, 454. See
also the allocution, ii, 677, and
Roman Question, vii, 627.
Paper, carbon or impression, ix,
638.

Paper Exposition, iii, 724.
Paper-hangings and wall-paper,
viii, 615; ix, 247.
Paper-making in India, ix, 407.
Paper-pulp, new process for, viii,

115.

Papua, ix, 638. See New Guinea.
Paraguay, i, 654; iii, 677; vi, 724;
vii, 673; viii, 617; ix, 640.
Pardo, Don Manuel, assassination

of, iii, 687.

Parlatore, F., obit., ii, 608.
Parker, W., sketch, ix, 641.
Parliament, the German, organiza-
tion of, vii, 209; absenteeism,
210; rules, 210; groups in, 211;
general aspect, 211.
Parliamentary system of England,
the, vii, 199; rules, ibid., 206;
penal power, 202; expulsions,
202; the cloture, 203.
Parmentier, Gen., observations by,
viii, 22.

Parnell, C. S., sketch, v, 615; ar-

rest, vi, 368; proposed suspen-
sion, vii, 204; "Treaty of Kil-
mainham," vii, 367; contro-
versy with Mr. Foster, viii, 412.
Parrott, R. P., obit., ii, 586; inven-
tion by, iii, 754, 762.
Parsons, Dr., murder of, v, 690.
Parsons, E. Y., obit., i, 622.
Parsons, H. B., experiments by,
vi, 95.

Parsons, P. M., invention by, i, 523.
Parsons, T., sketch, vii, 673.
Paschall, G. W., obit., iii, 643,
Pasolini, Count, obit., i, 640.
Passerini, L., obit., ii, 608.
Pasteur, germ theory of, iii, 387;
experiments by, iv, 443; vi,

847.

Patagonia, partition of, i, 84.
Patents, viii, 618; grounds and
methods of obtaining, laws
on, etc., 618-623; change in
English law, 623; internation-
al conferences, 624; bill in
Germany, ii, 351; office organ-
ized, 352; Congress, iii, 314;
to two or more, 809; Burdett-
Estey suit, iv, 842; drive-well
suit, v, 418; British law, viii,
410; ix, 642.

Patin, H. J. G., sketch, i, 654.
Patrizi, C., obit., i, 640.
Patterson, Capt., explorations and

death of, iv, 403.
Patterson, Robert, sketch, vi, 725.
Patterson, W. C., obit., viii, 598.
Pattison, M., obit., ix, 620.
Pattison, R. E., sketch and por-

trait, vii, 678.

Paul, H. M., observations by, viii,

21.

Paulding, H., obit., iii, 643.
Pavement, for cities, ii, 277.
Payne, Joseph, sketch, i, 654.

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Pechiile, Dr., discovery by, vi, 38. Petitot, Abbé, explorations by, v,

Peck, Asahel, obit., iv, 694.
Peck, Ebenezer, obit., vi, 687.
Peck, G., D. D., obit., i, 622.
Peck, J. J., obit., iii, 643.
Peck, Jesse T., obit., viii, 593.
Peckham, F. A., obit., i, 622.
Peckham, S. F., observations by,
iv,.53.

Pedersen, Knud, obit., i, 640.
Pedro II, of Brązil, sketch, ii, 629;

portrait, ii, 74.

297.

Petrella, E., obit., ii, 608.
Petrie, invention by, iii, 275.
Petroleum, vii, 687; pipe-line trans-
portation of, iii, 618; export of,
682; iv, 174; test, vii, 96; sta-
tistics, vii, 114; Government
monopoly in Greece, viii, 419;
in Mexico, 537; in Ontario,
609; in Russia, ix, 705. See
Naphtha.

Peel, A. W., sketch and portrait, Pettit, John, obit., ii, 586.

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Chili, and the United States,

vi, 788.

Pierpont, John, sketch, vii, 693.
Pierre, P. J. G., obit., viii, 603.
Piers, new, iv, 344.
Pillot, A. P., obit., v, 595.
Pillow, G. J., obit., iii, 644.
Pillsbury, J. S., sketch, i, 558.
Pine-wood oil, vii, 634.
Pinheiro, Lieut., invention by, iii,

725.
Pinkney, Wm., obit., viii, 593.
Pinoleum, vii, 94.

Pinto, Serpa, explorations by, iv,
404; v, 293; sketch of, iv, 405.

Pfordten, O. F., experiments by, Pipe-line, Suakim-Berber, ix, 316.

viii, 113.

Pfund, Dr., obit., i, 640.

Piracy, at Foochow, i, 109, 347.
Pisciculture, viii, 791.

"Phantom City" in Central Amer- Pistorius, H. A., obit., ii, 609.

ica, vii, 337.

Pharmacy, viii, 630; ix, 649.

Pennock, Rear-Admiral A. M., Phelps, A. H. L., obit., ix, 610.

obit., i, 622.

Pennsylvania, in every volume.
Pensions, in Japan, i, 427; in New
Jersey to soldiers of 1812, vi,
638; to soldiers of other Amer-
ican wars, ix, 224.
Pensions, increase of, bill in Con-
gress, viii, 248; amendment to
pension veterans of Mexican
and Indian wars, viii, 248.
Peptones, the, viii, 119.
Pereire, I., obit., v, 602.
Perger, Rt. Rev. J., obit., i, 640.
Perier, A. C. V. L., sketch, i,

659.

Perinchief, Rev. O., obit., ii, 586.
Perkins, G. R., sketch, i, 659.
Perkins, J. C., obit., ii, 586.
Perkins, S. E., sketch, iv, 723.
Peroffskaya, Sophia, vi, 797.
Perraud, J. J., obit., i, 640.
Perrin, R. P., obit., i, 622.
Perrone, G., sketch, i, 659.
Perrotin, discoveries by, i, 46; ii,
44; iii, 36.

Perry, electric railway of, viii, 678.
Persia, in every volume.
Persian succession, the, vi, 731.
Pertz, G. H., obit., i, 640.
Peru, in every volume but ii; war

with Chili, see Chilian War.
Peru, Chili, and the United States,
vi, 738; vii, 810.
Pestilence in India, i, 404.
Peter, Mrs. S., obit., ii, 586.
Petermann, A., obit., iii, 660; the-
ory of African rivers, 363.
Peters, Adolf, obit., i, 640.
Peters, C. A. F., obit., v, 602.
Peters, C. H. F., discoveries by, i,

46; ii, 44; iii, 36; iv, 51; v,
34; viii, 21; star-charts of,
viii, 27.
Peters, T. C., obit., i, 622.

Phelps, E., obit., v, 595.
Phelps, J. F., obit., iii, 643.
Phelps, P., obit., i, 622.
Phelps, R., obit., ix, 611.

Pita, viii, 638.

Pituri, vi, 755.

Pius IX, sketch, iii, 689; episcopal

jubilee of, ii, 681; insult to the
remains of, vi, 451, 792.

Placide, Thos., obit., ii, 586.
Plague, the, iv, 728; vii, 286, 291.

Philippine Islands, viii, 740; ix, Planché, J. R., obit., v, 602.

740.

Phillips, J. B., obit., ii, 586.
Phillips, W., obit. and portrait, ix,

650.

Phipson, T. L., experiments by,
vii, 88.

Phoenix Park murders, the, vii,

366; viii, 414; trials for, 415.
Phoneidoscope, the, iii, 727.
Phonograph, the, ii, 638.
Phosphorus, production of, v, 88;

new form, viii, 121.
Photography, improvements in, ii,
498; iii, 725; vi, 747; ama-
teur, ix, 651.

Planets, supposed intra-Mercurial,

i, 45; iii, 33; viii, 20; ultra-
Neptunian, v, 34; discoveries
of minor, see Astronomical
Progress.
Planté, invention by, vi, 254; ex-
periments of, vii, 265.
Platinum, atomic weight of, vi, 93.
Platt, T. C., resignation of, vi, 644.
Plants, electrical phenomena in, i,

249; insectivorous, iv, 36; ab-
sorption of noxious substances
by, vii, 93.

Plener, Dr., on financial reform in
Austria, v, 44.

Photometry, new unit of light for, Plevna, fall of, ii, 744.

ii, 96; standards, vi, 96.
Photophone, the, v, 447.
Phthallic acid, v, 89.
Phylloxera, vi, 670.
Physiology, recent, vi, 748; viii,
631; literature of, vi, 754; vii,
692; viii, 638; ix, 653.
Piaggia, Carlo, explorations by, ii,

330.

Piano, improvements in the, i,

517.

Picard, L. J. E., obit., ii, 608.
Pichot, A., obit., ii, 608.
Pickering, C., obit., iii, 643.
Pickering, E. C., observations by,

vi, 40; vii, 41.
Pictet, Raoul, design of, for ships
of war, vi, 246.
Pierce, G. F., obit., ix, 611.
Pierce, L., obit., iv, 695.
Piérola, N. de, made "supreme

chief" of Peru, v, 625; flight
of, vi, 737. See also Peru,

Plimpton and Graves, experiments
by, viii, 113.

Plötz, Albert von, obit., i, 640.
Plumbing, ix, 716, et seq.
Plumer, W. S., sketch, v, 626.
Plushes, ix, 788.

Pneumatic excavation, ii, 275.
Pocci, Count, obit., i, 640.
Pocock, Francis, death of, ii, 332.
Pogge, Paul, explorations of, i, 331;
obit., ix, 620.
Poggendorff, J. C., obit., ii, 609:
iii, 364.

Poisons, in food, clothing, etc., iv,
34; ix, 663. See Arsenic.
Poland, change in administration,

i, 711; demand for political
rights, v, 666.
Polar Conference, third, vi, 825.
Polarization, vii, 265.
Polar Regions, statistical tables, v,

626.

Polding, Archbishop, obit., ii, 609

Poles, conciliation of, viii, 708.
Police power of States, ix, 429.
Policy, Indian, changes of, vi, 421.
Political Agitations, in Denmark,
iv, 313; vi, 209, 210; in Port-
ugal, vi, 760; in France, ii,
308; map of France, ii, 314;
in Italy, see Italia Irredenta;
in U. S., i, 719. See also un-
der titles of countries.
Political Assessments, vii, 693. See
also Civil-Service Reform.
Political Cases in S. C., pardons,
iv, 820.

Political crimes, by supposed Fe-
nians, vi, 370. See Assassina-
tions.

Political parties, English, viii, 412.
Political parties, U. S., conventions

of. See under names of States
in each volume.

Polk, Trusten, obit., i, 622.
Polygamy, in Utah, vi, 783, 859;
ix, 219, 792; in Idaho, viii,
435, 812.

Polynias, the, vii, 332.
Pomare II, Queen of the Society
Islands, ii, 53.
Pompeii, celebration of destruction
of, iv, 527.

Ponroy, P. G. A., sketch, i, 663.
Pope, Com. J., obit., i, 622.
Population, the center of, in the

U. S., with maps, vi, 755.
Population, density and death-
rate, iii, 723.
Porcelain, viii, 639.

Pork, prohibition of American, viil,
396, 643.

Porter, A. D., invention by, ii,
720.

Porter, Fitz-John, case of, iv, 49;

in Congress, viii, 236; ix, 205.
Porto Rico, viii, 648; ix, 663.
Portraits, composite, iii, 726.
Ports opened in China, i, 119; ii,

102.

Portugal, in every volume.
Postage, review of legislation on,

viii, 163; bill in Congress for
reduction, viii, 185; review of
reductions, viii, 188.

Postal Dispatch, Pneumatic, ii, 497.
Postal Statistics, i, 240; iv, 836.
Potagos, Dr., explorations by, v,
292.

Pouget, trial of, viii, 369.
Poujoulat, J. J. F., obit., v, 602.
Power of Congress over Witnesses,

vii, 698; Kilbourne case, ibid.
Powys, Bishop, obit., ii, 609.
Prado, M. I., sketch, iv, 732.
Praga, E., obit., i, 640.
Prat, M., new metal discovered by,
ii, 502.

Prati, G., obit., ix, 620.
Pratt, D. D., obit., ii, 586.
Pratt Public Library, vii, 509.
Pray, E. H., obit., i, 622.
Prayer-book, revision of the, ii, 24.
Prazak, Dr. A., iv, 60.
Predegram, A., obit., ii, 587.
Preece, W. H., observations by,

viii, 526.

Prejevalsky, explorations of, v, 289.
Preller, F., obit., iii, 660.
Prentiss, Mrs. E. P., obit., iii, 644.
Presbyterian Alliance, the, ii, 650.
Presbyterians, in every volume.
Prescott, A. B., investigations by,
v, 92.

Presidency of Mexico, three claim-
ants to, ii, 512.
President of the United States, pro-

posed amendments on the elec-
tion and length of term of, i,
132-138, 158-166; salary of
the, i, 171; third term of, i,
167; executive acts, where per-
formed, i, 169; election of,
see Elections, Presidential.
Presidential electors, vii, 147.
Presidential Inability, vi, 414.
Presidents, absences of, from
Washington, i, 169–171.
Press, the, suppression of news-
papers, i, 709; laws in France,
ii, 304-308; trial of Cassagnac,
305; colportage bill, iii, 343;
amnesty for offenses of, 343,
344; bill on, vi, 311; in India,
restrictions on, iii, 33; the na-
tive, 435; laws in Japan, iii,
462; silenced in Ecuador, iii,
261.

554; at Louvain, viii, 497;
contract system, iv, 600, 653,
665; the separate system, vii,
675; English system, viii, 403.
See also Convict Labor,
Prisons, Southern, during the
civil war, i, 184-192.
Pritchett, observations by, iv, 52.
Prjevalsky, Col., explorations of,
ii, 326; iii, 359, 360.
Proa, ix, 115.
Prohibition, viii, 661; by statute,
664; by constitutional amend-
ment, 666; license, 663, 668;
effects of enforcements, 668;
constitutionality, 669; argu-
ments for, 670; in Iowa, ix,
411; in Maine, ix, 463; Na-
tional Convention, ix, 774.
Prohibition Reform party, i, 780.
Prokesch-Osten, Count A., sketch,
i, 675.
Propaganda Fide, congregation of,
seizure of property of, viii, 692.
Property Rights of Foreigners in
Mexico, viii, 538; great estates
in, viii, 538.
Protection in Germany, iv, 435; in

France, v, 284; in Mexico, v,
14; in Canada, vi, 217; Speaker
Carlisle on, viii, 94. See Duties
and Tariff.

Proteids, sources of the, ii, 94.
Protestant Episcopal Church, in
every volume.
Proteus, destruction of the, viii,
421.

Prout, chemical hypothesis of, vi,

42.

Prout, Skinner, obit., i, 641.
Provisions, commerce in, iv, 167.
Prussia, in every volume but viii

and ix.

Prussia, General Synod of, iv, 742.
Prussian and German Govern-

ments, antagonism between,
iii, 378.

Pruyn, R. H., obit., vii, 642.
Ptomaines, discovery of, vii, 94.
Public Documents, in first six vol-

Preston, J. S., sketch, vi, 771.
Preston, S., obit., ii, 587.
Pretenders, French, bill to exile, Public Meetings, bills on, in France,

viii, 366.

Price, Roger, in Africa, iii, 362.
Prince Edward Island, viii, 660.
Princeteau, Gen., obit., i, 641.

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umes.

v, 283.

Pugh, Geo. E., sketch, i, 691.
Purcell, J. B., sketch, viii, 672;
vii, 726. See Bishops, Liabil-
ity of, etc.

Pusey, E. B., sketch and portrait,
vii, 711.

Putnam, R. G., obit., iii, 644.
Putnam, J. P., obit., vii, 642.
Putkammer, R. V. von, sketch, iv,
740.

Pütz, W., obit., ii, 609.
Pyramid, in Mexico, viii, 536.
Pyramids, the Egyptian, vii, 258;

opening of, 260; of Senefru,
262; ix, 21.

Quackenbush, J. V. P., obit., i,

622.

Quain, Sir Jobn, obit., i, 641.
Quarantine rules, v, 12.
Quebec, Province of, viii, 674; po-
litical controversy in, iv, 319;
ix, 676.
Quebracho, ix, 272.
Quicksilver-Mines of Siena, viii,

523.

Quincy, Edmund, obit., ii, 587.

Race, G. W., obit., vi, 687.
Races, conflicts of, in Austria, vii,
47, 53.

Radetzki, Gen., sketch, ii, 671.
Radiophony, vi, 787.

Raff, J., obit., vii, 647.

Raffray, explorations by, iii, 365;
iv, 411.

system of mountain, vi, 246;
trans- Andean, iii, 20, 291;
Himalayan, vii, 284; proposed
Sahara, iv, 27; v, 293; Eu-
phrates, viii, 306; in Austra-
lia, v, 38, 40; vii, 42; in Per-
sia, vi, 732; in New Zealand,
vii, 46; in South America, iii,
63, 677; v, 59, 65; vii, 682;
viii, 66; in Central America,
iii, 417; iv, 400; v, 199; Can-
ada Pacific, v, 214, 221; vii,
217; viii, 87.

Railways, Improvements in, en-

gines, ii, 494, 496; brakes, ii,
496; signals and speed indi-
cators, i, 252, 516; car-wheels,
i, 516; bridges, v, 242, 244;
improvements, vi, 544; Ameri-
can engines and cars, iv, 188;
constant-circuit rail system, iv,
602; plan for a ship, iv, 345;
narrow-gauge, iii, 279.

Rahway, N. J., bankruptcy of, iv, Railway service in the United

669.

Raikes, Robert, v, 674.
Railroad Land Grants, i, 692.
Railroads of the United States, vii,

712; statistics, v, 242; viii,
336; Northern Pacific, vi, 130;
viii, 613; completion, viii, 781;
Southern Pacific, iii, 571; vi,
518; Transcontinental, viii,
316; famous fights between,
iv, 158, 159; war of rates, vii,
560; suits on, ii, 754; vii, 456,
464; priority of liens, iv, 842;
effect of freight rates in Ver-
mont, iv, 840; memorial on,
from Vermont Grange, iv, 841;
board to supervise, iv, 601,
602; anti-Monopoly League, vi,
652; decision on taxation of,
viii, 341; validity of bonds in
aid of, iii, 580; v, 309; inter-
state commerce bill, vi, 172;
reductions on freight, viii, 152;
N. Y. commission act, vii, 600;
business in 1884, ix, 828.
Railroads, Elevated, iii, 284; Vi-
enna circular, vi, 247; bill on
taxes of N. Y., vii, 600; inves-
tigation of charges, 602; case
of Judge Westbrook, 602, 603;
decision on damages to prop-
erty by, 616.
Railways, Electric, viii, 675.
Railways, government control of,

in Germany, i, 344, 679; ii,
352; iv, 441, 742; vii, 349;
viii, 391, 394; in Italy, i, 418;
in Hungary, viii, 40; in Den-
mark, vi, 209; Danube and
Turkish, viii, 43; first in Chi-
na, ii, 102; closed in China,
vi, 107; Indian, vii, 414; new

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Rameau, S., obit., i, 641.
Ramsay, Prof., theory of, vi, 350.
Ramsey, Alex., sketch, iv, 834.
Ranavalena II, Queen of Madagas-

car, death of, viii, 507.
Randall, S. J., sketches, i, 692; iv,

748; portrait, iv, 193.
Randolph, T. F., obit., viii, 593.
Ranke, F., obit., i, 641.
Ranvier, experiments by, vi, 753;
viii, 60.

Raoult, researches by, vi, 100.
Rapieff, invention by, iii, 271.
Raspail, F. V., obit., iii, 660.
Rassam, Hormuzd, discoveries by,
vi, 22; vii, 263.
Rau, H, obit., i, 641.
Raumer, R. von, obit., i, 641.
Ravensworth, Earl of, obit., iii,

660.

Rawlins, J. H., obit., i, 622.
Rawson, G. W., obit., ii, 587.
Ray, C. S., experiments by, vi, 748,
751.

Ray, P. H., expedition under, vi,

325.

Raymond, J. H., obit., iii, 644.
Read, Sophia H., obit., v, 595.
Reade, Charles, obit. and portrait,
ix, 687.

Reay, Baron, obit., i, 641.
Rebellion, war of the, collection of
tax for expenses of conducting,
iv, 429.

Recidivists, ix, 342.
Reciprocity treaty between Mexico
and United States, viii, 535.
Reconstruction. See President's
messages, i, 681; ii, 660, 662.
Red-Cross Societies and the laws of
war, vii, 715.

Redfield, H. J., obit., ii, 587.
Redfield, J. F., sketch, i, 692.
Redistricting in Conn., vi, 198; in
N. Y., viii, 569; in Pa., viii,

624.

Redgrave, S., obit., i, 641.
Red-gum tree, the, viii, 545.
Red light, the, viii, 525; connec-
tion with sun - color, ibid.;
theories on, 526; ix, 53.

Red men, the, iv, 846.
Red Sea coast annexed to Egypt, v,
235; trade of, ix, 413.
Reed, Jos., obit., ii, 587.
Reed, W. B., obit., i, 622.
Reese, J., fusion-disk of, vi, 313.
Reform in the Civil Service, viii,
682; examinations, 684; New
York Board, 686; classes of
the service, 686; rules, 688;
subjects, 688, 689; ix, 226, 690.
Reformed Church in France, threat-
ened schism in, i, 695.
Reformed Churches, in every vol-
ume but vi.

Reformed Episcopal Church, i, 696;
ii, 673; iii, 721; iv, 750; viii,
682; peculiar tencts of, i, 697;
first church in England of, iii,
721; admission to Anglican
pulpits of clergymen of, iv, 30.
Reforms proposed in Russia, vi,
799; in Germany, vii, 358;
acts in Victoria, vi, 45; elect-
oral, in Brazil, vi, 71; pro-
posed electoral, in Great Brit-
ain, iv, 454.

Refunding the national debt, his-
tory of, iv, 751.
Regicides, attempted, iii, 292, 293,
379-381, 458.

Regnault, H. V., obit., iii, 660.
Reichert, E. T., experiments by,
vii, 690.
Reichlin Meldegg, Freiherr von,
obit., ii, 609.
Reichstag, the.

See Parliament,

the German.
Reid, Sir Jas., obit., i, 641.
Reid, Mayne, obit., viii, 603.
Reinhart, K. A., obit., ii, 609.
Reinsberg, Baron. See Dürings-
feld, i, 238.
Reisbach, Freiherr von, obit., i, 641
Reiset, M. J., experiments by, viii,

120.
Religion, intolerance in the Tyrol,
i, 59; iv, 67; v, 45; in Bel-
gium, i, 71; ▼, 53, 54; in Bo-

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