صور الصفحة
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النشر الإلكتروني

This table shows the total mortality of each city and town, the mortality rate per 1,000 of estimated population, as reported during 1897, by the one to whom the letter was addressed asking for the statistics in question, and the mortality from phthisis pulmonalis, smallpox, enteric fever, typhus fever, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria (including membranous croup), and whooping cough.

This table is the third one published by this Bureau, and in this one a radical departure has been made from former custom. Heretofore it has been the rule to calculate and insert in the table-in addition to the mortality rate per 1,000 of the estimated population-the death rate per 1,000 of the population reported according to the census of 1890. This calculation has been omitted this year, and anyone wishing to find out the rate according to that population can easily do so, using the total number of deaths and the population of the town according to the census of 1890, which is published as heretofore in one of the columns of the table. The calculation is omitted as being entirely misleading. This is especially true of the larger cities where, as in the case of New York, the population is much greater than in 1890. The estimated populations are reported by those who send in the mortality returns, and while it is not possible to regard them as absolutely correct, they are at all events far more correct than a population which might have been correct-or nearly so-nine years ago, but which in the very nature of things could not possibly be so now, except in a very few instances. As long ago as 1896 I stated in my annual report to you in this connection that "the first (Population, Census of 1890), being now six years old, is manifestly an underestimate, and as such is not capable of being used alone. with any degree of accuracy in the compilation of the mortality rates, and the second, the estimated, while in the majority of cases probably an approximately correct estimate, leaves much to be desired. It must therefore be taken merely for what it is stated to be, an estimate, the liability of which to error (and error usually in excess) is manifest and natural."

This statement is even more true to-day than it was when written, as the error of using the 1890 population as a basis for computing death rates, in a town to which in reality an eight years' increment of inhabitants has been added-the number of those dying increasing correspondingly, while the population remains theoretically stationary-is larger than it could possibly have been two years ago.

For this reason, as I have said above, it has seemed best to omit the death rate computed on the 1890 census altogether, as it would hardly be practicable to use it in some cases and not in all.

TABLE OF ANNUAL MORTALITY STATISTICS IN 1,597 CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1897.

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TABLE OF ANNUAL MORTALITY STATISTICS IN 1,597 CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES, ETC.-Continued.

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TABLE OF ANNUAL MORTALITY STATISTICS IN 1,597 CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES, ETC.-Continued.

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TABLE OF ANNUAL MORTALITY STATISTICS IN 1,597 CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES, ETC.-Continued.

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