payments in the cotton industry is less apparent. Another presentation in the report, however, shows that the number of female cotton spinners who receive 2.50 francs (48 cents) or over is 20.17 per cent of all female cotton spinners, while only 6.17 per cent of the female linen spinners come within this wage group. It is noticeable that combed wool and carded wool take reversed positions in the case of female spinners from that found among males.

In the table next presented are given the actual hours of labor per day (rest time excluded) of employees in textile industries, children under 16, adult males, and adult females being shown separately. The totals are not identical with those previously shown, as 4 males and 33 females had variable working hours and are not here included.

NUMBER AND PER CENT OF CHILDREN UNDER 16 AND OF MALES AND FEMALES 16 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER WORKING EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HOURS PER DAY, 1901.

Of the 624 employees working less than 8 hours per day, 61.5 per cent were children under 16 years of age, 36.1 per cent were females 16 years of age or over, and only 2.4 per cent were males 16 years of age or over. Of those working 12 hours or more daily, on the other hand, but 9.8 per cent were under 16 years of age, 31.5 per cent were females 16 years of age or over, and 58.7 per cent were males 16 years of age or over. The per cent of each of the groups 16 years of age or over working 11 hours per day corresponds closely to the per cent of the total working the same number of hours, while that for the children falls below. The per cent of females 16 years of age or over and of children under 16 years of age working 11 hours per day considerably exceed the per cent of the total working that number of hours. The last-named period is the most usual one in the industry, 44.11 per cent of all employees working 11 hours, while 73.27 per cent work from 11 to 11 hours daily.

The next table gives a general idea of the differences in working time in the four principal branches of the textile industry:

PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WORKING SPECIFIED HOURS PER DAY IN FOUR PRINCIPAL TEXTILE INDUSTRIES, 1901.

This table shows that the employees in the wool industry are most advantageously situated as regards hours of labor, while in the linen industry is found the greatest percentage of employees having a working day of 12 hours or over, and the smallest proportion working less than 11 hours.

COMPARATIVE DATA, 1901 AND 1896.-Extensive comparisons are made between the returns for 1896 and those for 1901, covering the various phases of the investigation. The following table shows the general results of a comparison of sex and age groups of the employees at the two periods:

NUMBER AND PER CENT OF MALE AND FEMALE EMPLOYEES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES, BY AGE GROUPS, 1896 AND 1901.

There has been a general increase in the number of employees within the period. The number of females under 16 years of age decreased, however, and the excess of male employees noticeable in 1896 is somewhat increased in 1901.

In the following table are given comparative statements of wage classes in 1896 and 1901, showing the percentage of employees of each sex and age belonging to each class at the two periods.

PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES RECEIVING SPECIFIED WAGES IN EACH SEX AND AGE GROUP, 1896 AND 1901.

This table shows that the changes in wage rates within the five years covered have been but slight, though there has been a tendency to diminish the groups of adults receiving the smaller rates and to increase the numbers of the better-paid groups. In the case of children under 16, both the higher and lower groups are drawn upon. to increase the proportion receiving the mean rates.

The concluding table presents a comparison of the percentages of the employees, distributed by age and sex, who were employed for specified hours of labor in 1896 and 1901. The hours given are actual working time, intervals of rest having been deducted.

PER CENT OF CHILDREN UNDER 16, AND OF MALES AND FEMALES 16 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER, WORKING EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HOURS PER DAY, 1896 AND 1901.

This table requires but little comment. No marked changes in the daily work period have taken place in the interval covered. Slight increases in the percentages for the shortest working hours are apparent, but the groups working 11 and 11 hours were proportionately larger in 1901 than in 1896, while for the longer work periods there was only a slight total reduction, which was enjoyed by the adults alone, as the employees under 16 years of age were more numerous in these classes in 1901 than in 1896.

Industri-Statistik.

FINLAND..

Förra delen. Bergshandtering och Maskinindustri; Mynt- och Kontrollverket. 19. År 1902. 20. År 1903. Bidrag till Finlands Officiela Statistik. XVIII. xi, 69 pp. ix, 60 pp.

These volumes constitute, respectively, the first parts of the nineteenth and twentieth annual reports of the statistical bureau of Finland, and present statistics of the mining and metal-working industries and of coinage. Brief analyses precede the tables, which give the data for each industry and district, by establishments.

The following summary table shows for the years 1902 and 1903 the number of establishments in the mining and metal-working industries, the number of employees, and the value of products:

ESTABLISHMENTS, EMPLOYEES, AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS IN THE MINING AND METAL-WORKING INDUSTRIES OF FINLAND, 1902 AND 1903.

GREAT BRITAIN.

Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Physical Deterioration. Vol. I. Report and Appendix. Vol. II. List of Witnesses and Minutes of Evidence. Vol. III. Appendix and General Index. (Presented to Parliament by Command of His Majesty, July 20, 1904.) 137,504, 175 pp.

This inquiry had its origin in a general desire for information as to the alleged deterioration of those classes of the population from which recruits for the army are drawn. Its scope was purposely made broad enough to include general social and industrial interests. Besides the report of the committee copious minutes of evidence are given, covering a wide range of subjects, as follows: Conditions of urban and rural populations, with particulars as to several localities; employment in factories and workshops, and in particular the employment of married women, girls, and young children; the feeding and care of infants; the feeding of school children; the use of alcoholic beverages and of tobacco; insanity; the influence of heredity and environment, and the possibilities and value of anthropometric surveys for the procuring of accurate and adequate data. In twentynine appendixes are given a number of tables and special reports bearing on a portion of the above topics, including detailed tables showing the physical condition of candidates for enlistment in the army and for police appointments, vital statistics, insurance experience, etc.

The report proper presents, first, an examination of the evidence deducible from the figures of the war office and an account of the steps necessary to procure reliable data as to the national physique; second, the causes and indications of degeneracy in certain classes of the community and the means for remedying the same; and, third, a summary of the recommendations of the committee. It was agreed that the evidence obtainable from the war office was insufficient to prove that physical deterioration had affected the classes referred to, and that there were no sufficient data on which to base any comparison of present and past conditions.

The summary of recommendations includes the following: The organization of an anthropometric survey; a register of sickness, not confined to infectious diseases; the creation of an advisory council representing the departments of the government and having special charge of all matters affecting the physical well-being of the people; drastic treatment in cases of overcrowding; provision by the State, in conjunction with the local authorities, of labor colonies and public nurseries; regulations concerning buildings and open spaces; registry and inspection of houses, as well as factory inspection; the organization of continuation schools for instruction in domestic science, and