the 42,004 employees for whom nationality was reported 23,468 were Americans. Returns from 116 anthracite coal companies reporting showed that 5,401 working people owned their homes, that the average annual rental for those renting was $78, that the average weekly working hours were 53, and that of the 92,485 employees for whom nationality was reported 25,905 were Americans. In the bituminous coal mining 479 companies, employing 74,461 persons over 16 years of age, report 6,802 men as owning their homes, and 469 companies report that the average annual rental for those paying rent was $65. The average working hours per week, as reported by 429 companies, were 49. Of the 55,583 persons for whom nationality was reported 17,347 were Americans.

TEXTILE INDUSTRIES.-Returns made in 1905 by 487 establishments engaged in the textile industries in Philadelphia showed the average number of employees to be 54,834 (22,583 males, 26,733 females, and 5,518 children), to whom were paid an aggregate of $22,571,872 in wages. The average yearly earnings were as follows: Of all employees, $411.64; males, $555.02; females, $339.60, and of children, $173.84. The establishments were in operation during the year an average of 281 days, the average hours of labor per week were 58, and the total value of product (not including 40 dyeing, bleaching, and finishing plants not reporting value of product) was $99,671,003. Of the 24,244 persons employed in these industries for whom nationality was reported 16,375 were Americans.

RECENT FOREIGN STATISTICAL PUBLICATIONS.

AUSTRIA.

Die Arbeitseinstellungen und Aussperrungen in Österreich während des Jahres 1904. Die Arbeitseinstellungen und Aussperrungen in Österreich während des Jahres 1905. Herausgegeben vom k. k. Arbeitsstatistischen Amte im Handelsministerium. 394 pp.; 564 pp.

These are the eleventh and twelfth annual reports of the Austrian Government on strikes and lockouts. The information, which is compiled by the Austrian bureau of labor statistics, is given in the form of an analysis and six tables, showing for the years 1904 and 1905, respectively: (1) Strikes according to geographical distribution; (2) strikes according to industries; (3) general summary of strikes; (4) comparative summary of strikes for the ten-year period ending with the yea. overed by the report; (5) details for each strike in the year covered by the report; (6) details for each lockout in the year covered by the report. An appendix to each volume gives a brief review of industrial and labor conditions in Austria, statistics of trade unions, and notes concerning the strikes and lockouts reported in the preceding pages of the report.

STRIKES IN 1904. The number of strikes, the number of establishments affected, and the number of strikers in 1904 were considerably above the average for the eleven-year period beginning with 1894. There were 606,629 days lost by the persons directly affected in 1904 on account of strikes, or 21.2 per cent more than in the preceding year. During the year there were 414 strikes, which affected 2,704 establishments. Of a total of 99,828 employees in the establishments affected, 64,227 participated in the strikes and 9,301 others were thrown out of employment on account of them, the strikers representing 64.3 per cent of the total number of employees in the establishments affected. The average number of strikers in each strike was 155. Of the total strikers, 90.9 per cent were males and 9.1 per cent were females. After the strikes 58,907 strikers were reemployed and 2,817 new employees took the places formerly occupied by strikers.

The following table shows, by industries, the number of strikes, establishments affected, strikers and others thrown out of employment, etc., during the year 1904:

The building trades had the largest number of strikes (80) in 1904, while the largest number of strikers (19,614) was in the mining and metallurgical group of industries. Next in importance with regard to the number of strikers involved was the group of building trades with 15,947 persons. Of all the strikers during the year, 55.4 per cent were engaged in these two groups of industries.

The following table shows the causes of the strikes for 1904, by industries:

STRIKES, BY INDUSTRIES AND CAUSES, 1904.

[Strikes due to two or more causes have been tabulated under each cause; hence the industry totals for this table, if computed, would not agree with those for the preceding table.]

As in previous years, the most frequent causes of strikes were the demands for increased wages and for reduction of hours. The demand for increased wages alone or in conjunction with other demands figured in 213 strikes, and that for reduction of hours in 91 strikes. The following table shows the results of strikes, "by industries:

STRIKES, BY INDUSTRIES AND RESULTS, 1904.

Of the total number of strikes in 1904, 24.4 per cent succeeded, 44.4 per cent succeeded partly, and 31.2 per cent failed. Of the total number of strikers, 18.6 per cent were engaged in strikes which succeeded, 41.3 per cent in strikes which succeeded partly, and 40.1 per cent in strikes which failed.

The following table shows the results of the strikes in 1904, according to their duration:

STRIKES IN 1905.-The number of strikes, the number of establishments affected, and the number of strikers in 1905 were not only considerably above the average for the twelve-year period beginning with 1894, but also showed a marked increase over the preceding year. There were 1,151,310 days lost by the persons directly affected in 1905 on account of strikes, or 89.8 per cent more than in the year 1904. During the year there were 686 strikes, which affected 3,803 establishments. Of a total of 156,596 employees in the establishments affected, 99,591 participated in the strikes and 11,340 others were thrown out of employment on account of them, the strikers representing 63.6 per cent of the total number of employees in the establishments affected. The average number of strikers in each strike was 145. Of the total strikers, 84.4 per cent were males and 15.6 per cent were females. After the strikes, 92,922 strikers were reemployed and 3,276 new employees took the places formerly occupied by strikers.

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