CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF LEADING EVENTS 1503 Death of Alexander VI. Accession of Julius II. 1508 Luther goes to Wittenberg. 1509 Accession of Henry VIII in England. 1511 Synod of Pisa. 1512 Opening of the Fifth Lateran Council. 1513 Death of Julius II. Accession of Giovanni de' Medici as Leo X. Accession of Christian II in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. 1515 Death of Louis XII of France. Accession of Francis I. Battle of Marignano (September 13). 1516 French Concordat with Leo X. Death of Ferdinand of Aragon. Treaty of Noyon. 1517 Close of the Fifth Lateran Council. Charles V goes to Spain. Publication of Luther's Theses (November). 1518 Luther before the Cardinal-Legate at Augsburg. Zwingli, people's priest at Zurich. 1519 Death of the Emperor Maximilian (January 19). Election of Charles to the Empire (June). 1520 Luther excommunicated. Publication of Luther's Appeal to the Christian Nobility. Charles V in England (May). Field of Cloth of Gold (June). Coronation of Charles V at Aachen (October). Christian crowned King of Sweden (November). The Stockholm Bath of Blood. Straits of Magellan passed. 1521 Rising of Gustaf Eriksson (Gustavus Vasa) in Dalecarlia. Defeat of the Comuneros at Villalar (April 24). Diet of Worms. Luther placed under the Ban of the Empire. Treaty of Bruges (August). Albany in Scotland. Outbreak of war. Occupation of Milan by the forces of Charles and Leo X (November). Death of Leo X (December 1). 1522 Election of Adrian Dedel as Adrian VI. Luther returns to Wittenberg. Battle of the Bicocca (April). Charles V in England. Treaty of Windsor (June). 830 1522 Charles V in Spain. Chronological Table The Knights' War in Germany. Conquest of Mexico completed. Capitulation of Rhodes to the Turks (December). 1523 First public disputation at Zurich. Flight of Christian II from Denmark. Rule of Frederick I (of Holstein) in Denmark and Norway. Gustavus Vasa King in Sweden. Defection of the Constable of Bourbon. Bonnivet in Italy. Suffolk and van Buren in Picardy. Death of Adrian VI (September 14). Election of Giulio de' Medici as Clement VII. 1524 Retreat of Bonnivet. Albany leaves Scotland for the last time. Beginnings of the Peasants' Rising in Germany (June). Francis crosses the Alps. Foundation of the Theatine Order. 1525 Battle of Pavia (February 24). 1526 Treaty of Madrid (January). Marriage of Charles V with Isabella of Portugal. League of Cognac (May). Diet and Recess of Speier. Battle of Mohács (August). Raid of the Colonna on Rome (September). Ferdinand elected King of Bohemia and of Hungary. The Reformation begins in Denmark. 1527 Alliance of Henry VIII and Francis I. Sack of Rome (May 6). Diet of Vesteräs in Sweden. Vesteräs Recess. Invasion of Italy by Lautrec. 1528 France and England declare war on the Emperor (January). Siege of Naples by Lautrec. Defection of Andrea Doria. Campeggio in England. 1529 Diet of Speier. The "Protest." Execution of Berquin. Civil War in Switzerland. First Peace of Kappel. Treaty of Barcelona (June 29). Charles V in Italy. Peace of Cambray (August 5). Siege of Vienna by the Turks. Conference of Marburg. Fall of Wolsey. 1530 Conference at Bologna (Charles V and Clement VII). Last imperial coronation by the Pope. Charles V in Germany. Diet of Augsburg. Confession of Augsburg. Chronological Table 1530 Revolt against the Bishop at Geneva. Death of Margaret of Savoy (December). 1531 Ferdinand elected King of the Romans. Maria of Hungary Regent of the Netherlands. Henry VIII Supreme Head of the Church in England. Marriage of Catharine de' Medici with Henry of France (October). League of Schmalkalden. 1532 Inquisition first established at Lisbon. Annates abolished in England. Alliance of France and England. Turkish invasion repelled. Religious Peace of Nürnberg (July). Charles in Italy. Second Conference at Bologna (December). 1533 English Act in restraint of Appeals to Rome. Wullenwever Burgomaster of Lübeck. Marriage of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (May). Address of Cop. Flight of Calvin. Death of Frederick I of Denmark. Disputed succession. 1534 Anabaptist rising at Münster. Duke Ulrich recovers Württemberg. Peace of Cadan (June). The Grafenfehde. Foundation of the Society of Jesus by Ignatius Loyola. Death of Clement VII (September). Accession of Alessandro Farnese as Paul III. The Placards at Paris. English Act against Papal Dispensations, &c. 1535 English Act of Supremacy. Expedition of Tunis. Charles V in Sicily and Naples. Death of Francesco Sforza (November). 1536 First Helvetic Confession. Treaty of Francis with Solyman. Third War between Francis I and Charles V. (March). 831 Savoy occupied by the French Calvin at Ferrara. Publication of the Christianae Religionis Institutio. Wittenberg Concord. Calvin at Geneva. Invasion of Provence by Charles V. Smaller monasteries dissolved in England. The Ten Articles. 1537 Murder of Alessandro de' Medici. Succession of Cosimo I in Florence. 1538 Calvin expelled from Geneva. Truce of Nice between Charles V and Francis I (June). Death of Charles of Gelders. 832 1539 Revolt of Ghent. Chronological Table William succeeds to Cleves-Jülich. Joachim II of Brandenburg becomes a Protestant. Death of Duke George of Saxony. Monasteries suppressed in England. Act of the Six Articles. 1540 Marriage and divorce of Anne of Cleves. Venice makes peace with the Turks. Reduction of Ghent (February). Investiture of Philip with Milan. Edict of Fontainebleau. Death of John Zapolya. The Jesuit order approved by Paul III. 1541 Religious Colloquy of Ratisbon. Solyman takes Buda (September). Expedition against Algiers (October). Calvin returns to Geneva. 1542 Fourth War between Charles and Francis I. John Frederick of Saxony and Philip of Hesse overrun Brunswick. The Inquisition established at Rome. 1543 Barbarossa in the Western Mediterranean. Expedition of Charles against the Duke of Cleves. Conquest of Gelders. 1544 Diet of Speier. Battle of Ceresole (April). Sieges of Boulogne and St Dizier. Peace of Crépy (September). 1545 Massacre of the Waldenses of Provence (April). Opening of the Council of Trent (December). 1546 Death of Luther (February). Peace between France and England. Diet of Ratisbon. Alliance of Charles V with Maurice of Saxony. League of Charles V with Paul III. The Schmalkaldic War. Execution of the Fourteen of Meaux. 1547 Death of Henry VIII (January). Accession of Edward VI. Somerset Protector. Death of Francis I (March). Accession of Henry II. The Council removes from Trent to Bologna (March). Diet of Augsburg (September). Battle of Pinkie. Establishment of La Chambre Ardente. Inquisition finally established at Lisbon. 1548 Betrothal of Mary Stewart to the Dauphin Francis. The Augsburg Interim proclaimed (May). First Prayer-Book of Edward VI. 1549 Consensus Tigurinus. War between England and France. Battle of Dussindale. 1549 Fall of Somerset. Chronological Table Rule of Warwick (Northumberland) in England. Council of Bologna suspended. Death of Paul III. 1550 Election of Giovanni Maria del Monte as Julius III. Peace between England and France. Boulogne restored to France. 1551 War in the Parmesan. The Council reopened at Trent. Capitulation of Magdeburg (November). 1552 Treaty of Chambord (January). Second Act of Uniformity and Second Book of Common Prayer. Invasion of Lorraine by France (March). Occupation of the three bishoprics. Suspension of the Council of Trent. Conference at Passau. Treaty of Passau. Siege of Metz (October-December). 1553 League of Heidelberg. Capture of Terouanne (June). Battle of Sievershausen (July). Death of Maurice of Saxony. Death of Edward VI of England (July). Lady Jane Grey proclaimed. 1554 Rising of Sir Thomas Wyatt. Expulsion of Albrecht Alcibiades from Germany. Marriage of Philip of Spain and Mary Tudor (July). 1555 Diet of Augsburg. Religious Peace of Augsburg (September). Death of Julius III (March). Giovanni Pietro Caraffa elected as Paul IV. Abdication of Charles V at Brussels. 1556 Truce of Vaucelles. War between Paul IV, supported by France, and Philip II, in Italy. The Duc de Guise in Italy (December). 1557 England declares war on France. Battle of St Quentin (August). Paul IV makes peace with Philip II (September). 1558 Capture of Calais (January). Marriage of Mary Stewart and the Dauphin Francis. Laynez elected General of the Jesuit Order. Battle of Gravelines (July). Death of Mary Tudor (November). Accession of Elizabeth. 1559 Death of Christian III of Denmark (January). Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity in England. Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (April). John Knox in Scotland. The Lords of the Congregation in arms. Protestant Synod at Paris. Death of Henry II of France (July). Accession of Francis II. Death of Paul IV (August). Election of Giovanni Angelo de' Medici as Pius IV. 1560 Death of Gustavus Vasa of Sweden. Tumult of Amboise (February-March). C. M. H. II. 833 53 |