work, Henry VIII, the Protector Somerset, Northumberland, Mary, and Elizabeth occupy more space than strict historical symmetry would demand. The Editors have suffered many losses and disappointments. Chief among these is that of the chapter on the Council of Trent which Lord Acton had intended to write. No living historian could hope to bring to this task the wealth of accumulated knowledge that Lord Acton commanded, or his special opportunities of insight. The lamented death of Professor Kraus has prevented the chapter on Medicean Rome from receiving his final revision; and the loss of his bibliography is particularly to be regretted. Lapse of time and fresh engagements have disturbed many of the arrangements which Lord Acton had concluded. Of the nineteen chapters comprised in this work, nine have, however, been written by the authors to whom he assigned them. In the original plan no provision had been made for the Reformation in Poland. This topic hardly seemed by its importance to deserve a separate chapter, and there were obvious reasons against including it in any of the others. On the other hand it could not be altogether neglected. A brief summary, compiled by one of the Editors, may serve to fill the gap. Moved by representations which have reached them from many quarters, the Editors have added to this volume, as to Volume VII, a chronological table of leading events. A similar table for Volume 1 is now also supplied. I The thanks of the Editors are due to all the authors, who have spared no labour to perfect their several contributions, under conditions of time which were in many cases very burdensome. CAMBRIDGE, November, 1903. A. W. W. G. W. P. S. L. Attempt to harmonise modern culture with Christianity The Fifth Lateran Council. Estimates of Julius II . Marriage of Catharine de' Medici to Henry of France. Henry VIII. The hereditary feud of Burgundy and Valois Unstable equilibrium in Southern Europe. Resources of Charles V and Election of Charles V, 1519. Significance of the contest Negotiations for alliance with Henry VIII and Leo X Conclusion of alliance with Henry VIII. Informal outbreak of war, 1521 Siege of Milan. Retreat of Bonnivet, 1524. Policy of Clement VII Invasion of France under Bourbon. 1524. Francis crosses the Alps Francis besieges Pavia. Battle of Pavia, 1525 Capture of Francis. Treaty of Madrid, Results of, and responsibility for the Sack of Rome Invasion of Italy by Lautrec. Clement VII comes to terms with Charles V Siege of Naples by Lautrec, 1528. Defection of Andrea Doria Events at Genoa and in the Milanese. Peace of Cambray, 1529 Treaty of Barcelona. Charles in Italy. Settlement of Italian affairs Coronation of Charles at Bologna. Causes of his success in Italy Special features of the war, 1521-9 Death of Margaret of Savoy. Maria of Hungary regent in the Nether- Difficulties of Charles V in Italy and Germany. Charles in Italy, 1532. Contents PAGE Francis I and Clement VII at Marseilles. The pirates of Algiers Expedition against Tunis, 1535. Death of Clement VII, 1534. Election Attitude of Paul III. Invasion of Provence by Charles Charles leaves for Spain. Successes of the Turks in the Levant Truce of Nice between Charles V and Francis I. Results of the war Operations against the Turks. Revolt of Ghent, 1539 Reduction of Ghent. Affairs of Gelders, and of Italy Expedition against Algiers, 1541. Outbreak of war between Charles V Reduction of the Duke of Cleves, 1543. Battle Henry VIII and Charles V invade France. Peace of Crépy, 1544 Fresh stage in the settlement of Europe League of Charles V and Paul III. Opening of the Council of Trent Battle of Mühlberg, 1547. Conspiracy of Genoa Death of Henry VIII, and Francis I, 1547 Affairs of Piacenza. Murder of Pierluigi Farnese. League of Paul III career. 89 ix |