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The Faculty and University have no connection with the National Church, but are drawing close to the new movement.

For students requiring assistance, funds are provided through private liberality, some by money and others by free board and lodging.

The Professors are appointed by the Society for Higher Education based on the Confession of the Dutch Reformed Church, and must in their teaching conform to the Canons of Dort.

THE CHRISTIAN REFORMED CHURCH OF HOLLAND.

Theological School, Kampen, founded 1854.

There is a Preparatory School or Class connected with the Seminary, for the use exclusively of future Theological students, none being admitted under seventeen years of age, and the most of them being much older. The full course requires a seven or eight years' course of study, of which three or four years must be devoted to Theology.

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Theological Hall, founded in 1855 at Torre-Pellice,
and removed in 1860 to Florence.

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The course of study extends over three years of nine months each, with semestrial and annual examinations.

The Seminary is under the direction of a committee of seven members appointed by the Waldensian Synod, and responsible to it.

There is no division of classes, and the subjects studied are mainly New Testament Exegesis, Church History and History of Dogmas, Dogmatics, Ethics, and Symbolics, and Homiletical Exercises. A fourth year is frequently spent at an Academy in Germany, or Switzerland, Rome, Scotland, Ireland, etc.

Tuition is free to all who wish to attend the classes, while students recommended by the Waldensian Table get free rooms and a small monthly allowance.

The Professors are appointed by the Synod on the recommendation of the Table, and must conform in their teaching to the Waldensian Confession of 1655, which was largely influenced by the Confession of Rochelle, 1559.

To obtain license, a student requires to pass an examination on the whole course of Theological study, and to deliver certain written exercises. When licensed by the Council, he then requires to pass a final examination on Faith and Practice before the Company of the Waldensian Pastors, in order to ordination by the Synod.

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The Professors are appointed by the General Assembly of the Church.

SPAIN.

REFORMED CHURCH OF SPAIN.

Missionary Training College, Puerto Santa Maria, Cadiz, Spain.

From the first years of the present Reformation work in Spain, the necessity of a Training College has been keenly felt, but great difficulties stood in the way of obtaining such an institution.

The want was for a time supplied by a Committee in Lausanne (Switzerland), whose work was to train and prepare at Lausanne Spanish lads taken to France or Switzerland. The result of this work was to furnish the Spanish Church with some of its best evangelists. Subsequently the Presbytery of Andalusia purchased a house for a College, and in 1883 the Irish Presbyterian Church sent a Principal, at the same time providing for his support.

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The Institute is under the control of the Presbytery of Andalusia.
Course of Study :-

First Year.-Greek, Hebrew, History of Philosophy, Biblical Archæology, and Catechetics.

Second Year-Old and New Testament, Introduction; Moral Philosophy, Exegesis, Hebrew.

Third Year.-Hebrew, Systematic Theology, Church History.

Fourth Year.-Systematic Theology, Homiletics, Pastoral Theology.

The Professors are appointed by the Presbytery, the Principal by the Presbyterian Church of Ireland. All must conform to the Westminster Confession.

To obtain licensure a student must be known for personal piety and aptness to teach. He must pass the College Examinations at the close of each session, and subsequently be examined by the Theological Committee of the Presbytery.

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Volumes in Library,

40,000

(The University Library contains 150,000 volumes.)

The only link between the University and the National Church is the membership in the Supreme Church Courts of one of the Professors.

There is no imperative course of study. The students have absolute freedom to choose in this respect for themselves.

There are endowments belonging to the University for aiding needy students, and from these Theological students may be assisted.

The Professors who occupy Chairs numbered 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 are appointed by the State; those occupying 5, 11, and 12 are appointed by the Society for the Advancement of Christian Science (founded 1836); and those occupying 2, 8, and 9 serve gratuitously.

To be eligible for the pastorate a student must pass, 1st, the Preliminary examination in Church History, Philosophy, and Biblical Knowledge at the close of his fourth semester; and, 2d, the Final examination in Theology and Philosophy at the end of his course of study. On passing these satisfactorily, the candidate is recommended by the Examining Committee to the Department of Public Worship. These examinations are held alternately at Bâle and at Zurich, and secure for such as pass them eligibility for the ministry.

To obtain a pastoral charge, the minister must either be an ordained minister of the Bâle National Church, or have been received into its ministry by the Kirchenrath. Those also are eligible who are within the provisions of the Concordat of 24th February 1862, between the nine Swiss Cantons, on the subject of the reciprocal admission of Protestant ministers. That Concordat led to the appointment of a special Examining Committee, composed of the ecclesiastical authorities of the co-operating Cantons. It demands of the candidates on their examination a certificate as to their preparatory Arts Course, and at least three years of academic or university attendance.

University of Zurich, founded 1833.

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Besides the above ordinary Professors, there are five privat-docents, each

of whom is a minister of the National Reformed Church.

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25,000

Volumes on Theology in University Library,
Amount of Endowment,

The Zurich National Church and its University, including the Theological Faculty, are subject to the State.

The course of study is appointed by the Faculty.

The Professors are appointed by the Cantonal authorities, and have, as their doctrinal standard, simply the New Testament.

Candidates for the ministry are examined by an Examining Committee appointed by the Kirchenrath. To be eligible for a pastoral charge one must be a minister ef the Church of Zurich, or of a sister Church. Zurich has joined in the Concordat of 1862.

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Students in attendance, 1886-7,

Volumes in University Library,

New Testament Exegesis and
History of Doctrine.

1885 Church History of Switzer-
land.

(The Theological Faculty has no special library.)

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The Faculty has no official relations with the Berne State Church. The course of study is absolutely free. The subjects of the Professors are announced at the commencement of each semester, and the student The full course extends, accordselects the lectures he proposes to attend.

ing to law, to eight or nine semesters, some of which, however, may be spent at other Universities.

There is no Church provision for helping needy students, but from University funds, the curators can give liberal help to such students as may require assistance.

The Professors are appointed by the Berne State Government, and have no prescribed standard of doctrine.

In order to licensure, a student must pass-first, the Final Examination; and second, the Theological State Examination, conducted partly by He must also present a certificate of examiners appointed by the State. suitable character.

NATIONAL REFORMED CHURCH OF THE CANTON DE VAUD.

Academy of Lausanne, founded 1537.

The Academy of Lausanne founded in 1537, immediately after the conquest of Vaud by Bern in 1536, was for a long time simply a School of Theology. Among its early Professors were Peter Viret, Conrad Gessner, Theodore Beza, and others.

During the eighteenth century, to the existing chairs needful in a Theological Seminary, such as, Latin, Greek, Moral Philosophy, Systematic and Apologetic Theology, several other chairs were added, such as, Law, Medicine, Mathematics, etc.

After the events of 1798-1803, the Academy was still further extended in its Academic character by enlarging the Chair of Law, and by adding to the existing system Chairs of Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, etc.

Yet through all these changes the Academy retained its distinctive It trained the candidates for the Ministry, and ecclesiastical character. maintained its oversight of them until they entered on the pastorate.

In 1837, the Academy was secularised and divided into the Faculties of Arts, Law, and Theology. In 1869 it was reorganised and divided into the Faculties of Theology, Law, Arts, Science, and Technical Education.

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