The Language Encounter in the Americas, 1492-1800: A Collection of EssaysEdward G. Gray, Norman Fiering Berghahn Books, 2000 - 342 من الصفحات When Columbus arrived in the Americas there were, it is believed, as many as 2,000 distinct, mutually unintelligible tongues spoken in the western hemisphere, encompassing the entire area from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego. This astonishing fact has generally escaped the attention of historians, in part because many of these indigenous languages have since become extinct. And yet the burden of overcoming America's language barriers was perhaps the one problem faced by all peoples of the New World in the early modern era: African slaves and Native Americans in the Lower Mississippi Valley; Jesuit missionaries and Huron-speaking peoples in New France; Spanish conquistadors and the Aztec rulers. All of these groups confronted America's complex linguistic environment, and all of them had to devise ways of transcending that environment - a problem that arose often with life or death implications. For the first time, historians, anthropologists, literature specialists, and linguists have come together to reflect, in the fifteen original essays presented in this volume, on the various modes of contact and communication that took place between the Europeans and the "Natives." A particularly important aspect of this fascinating collection is the way it demonstrates the interactive nature of the encounter and how Native peoples found ways to shape and adapt imported systems of spoken and written communication to their own spiritual and material needs. Edward G. Gray is Assistant Professor of History at Florida State University. Norman Fiering is the author of two books that were awarded the Merle Curti Prize for Intellectual History by the Organization of American Historians and of numerous. Since 1983, he has been Director of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University. |
المحتوى
Babel of Tongues Communicating with the Indians in Eastern North America | 15 |
The Use of Pidgins and Jargons on the East Coast of North America | 61 |
Pictures Gestures Hieroglyphs Mute Eloquence in SixteenthCentury Mexico | 81 |
Iconic Discourse The Language of Images in SeventeenthCentury New France | 102 |
Mapping after the Letter Graphology and Indigenous Cartography in New Spain | 119 |
Continuity vs Acculturation Aztec and Inca Cases of Alphabetic Literacy | 155 |
Native Languages as Spoken and Written Views from Southern New England | 173 |
The Mikmaq Hieroglyphic Prayer Book Writing and Christianity in Maritime Canada 16751921 | 189 |
Mohawk Schoolmasters and Cateshists in MidEighteenthCentury Iroquoia An Experiment in Fostering Literacy and Religious Change | 230 |
The Making of Logan the Mingo Orator | 258 |
Spanish Colonization and the Indigenous Languages of America | 281 |
Descriptions of American Indian Word Forms in Colonial Missionary Grammars | 293 |
Savage Languages in EighteenthCentury Theoretical History of Language | 310 |
327 | |
List of Contributors | 332 |
334 | |
طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
Algonquian alphabetic writing American Indians Amerindian Axtell Aztec Basque Cambridge Canajoharie cartographs Christian colonial communication conquest culture Cuzco documents early eighteenth century Eliot English essay European example France Franciscans French Galibi gestures grammar guage hieroglyphic hieroglyphic prayer historians History human Huron Ibid idem images Inca Incan Indian languages indigenous interpreters Iroquoian Iroquois Ives Goddard jargon Jesuit Relations John land Latin linguistic literacy Logan Lord Monboddo Maillard Mapuche Massachusett meaning merced maps mestizo Mexico Mi'kmaq Micmac Minutes of SPG mission missionaries Mohawk Monboddo Nahuas Nahuatl Native American native languages North America Old Abraham oral painted paper pictorial Pidgin Delaware Quechua savage script seventeenth century signs Sir William Johnson sixteenth century Society southern New England Spain Spaniards Spanish speak speakers speech SPG Journals SPG Letters SPG Meeting spoken Süßmilch texts Thwaites tion tongue trade trans translation understand verbs visual vocabulary Voyages words World written York