F. C. C.

F. G. P

F. H. Ne.

F. LI. G.

F. R. C.

F. T. M.

FREDERICK CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A. D.Th. (Giessen).

Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy.
Author of The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle; Myth, Magic and Morals; &c.
FREDERICK GYMER PARSONS, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., F.R.ANTHROP.INST.

Vice-President Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Lecturer on
Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital and the London School of Medicine for
Women. Formerly Examiner in the Universities of Cambridge, Aberdeen, London
and Birmingham; and Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons.
FRANCIS HENRY NEVILLE, M.A., F.R.S.

Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Lecturer on Physics and
Chemistry.

FRANCIS LLEWELYN GRIFFITH, M.A., Pн.D. (Leipzig), F.S.A.

Reader in Egyptology, Oxford. Editor of the Archaeological Survey and Archaeo-
logical Reports of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Fellow of the Imperial German
Archaeological Institute.

FRANK R. CANA.

Author of South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union.
SIR FRANK T. MARZIALS, C.B.

Formerly Accountant-General of the Army. Author of Lives of Victor Hugo; Augier, G. V. E.
Molière; Dickens; &c.

F. W. Mo.

FREDERICK WALKER MOTT, F.R.S., M.D.

F. W. R.*

G. C. B.

G. E.

G. H. C.

G. H. Fo.

G. K.

G. Sn.

G. W. B.

G. W. T.

H. B.

H. Ch.

H. F. G.

{ Ashanti.

{

{

Asbestos;

Physician to Charing Cross Hospital. Pathologist to the London County Asylums. Apoplexy.
Fullerian Professor of Physiology at the Royal Institution.

FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S.

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902. Atacamite.
President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889.

GILBERT CHARLES BOURNE, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., D.Sc. (Oxon.).
Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Oxford. Fellow of Merton
College, Oxford.

REV. GEORGE EDMUNDSON, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1909.,
GEORGE HERBERT CARPENTER, B.Sc.

Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. President of the
Association of Economic Biologists. Author of Insects: their Structure and Life.
GEORGE HERBERT FOWLER, F.Z.S., F.L.S., PH.D.

Formerly Berkeley Fellow of Owens College, Manchester, and Assistant Professor Aquarium.
of Zoology at University College, London.

GUSTAV Krüger, Ph.D.

Arius; Athanasius;

A 0.9

Professor of Church History, University of Giessen. Author of Das Papsttum; &c. Augustine, Saint (of Hippo).
GRANT SHOWERMAN, PH.D.

Professor of Latin in the University of Wisconsin. Author of The Great Mother of Attis.
the Gods.

GEORGE WILLIS BOTSFORD, A.M.

Professor in Columbia University, New York. Author of The Roman Assemblies Areopagus.
(1909); &c.

REV. GRIFFITHES WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D.

Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and
Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.

HILARY BAUERMANN, F.G.S. (d. 1909).

ILA NI

'Antara ibn Shaddad;
Arabia: Antiquities, History,
Literature; Arabian Philo-
sophy (in part); A'Shā;
Ash'Arī; Asma'ī; Assassin.

Formerly Lecturer on Metallurgy at the Ordnance College, Woolwich. Author of Anthracite.
A Treatise on the Metallurgy of Iron.

HUGH CHISHOLM, M.A.

Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of
the Encyclopaedia Britannica; co-editor of the 10th edition.

HANS FRIEDRICH GADOW, F.R.S., PH.D.

Argyll, Earls and Dukes of

(in part); Asquith, H. H.

Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge. Archaeopteryx.
Author of Amphibia and Reptiles.

Editor of The Builder. Author of Architecture (Modern) for General Readers; Architecture: Modern.
Modern Architecture; &c.

H. M. C.

HECTOR MUNRO CHADWICK, M.A.

{

Fellow and Librarian of Clare College, Cambridge. Author of Studies on Anglo- Angli; Anglo-Saxons.
Saxon Institutions.

H. N. D.

H. Se.

H. Sm.

I. A.

I. B. B.

J. A. H.

J. A. R.

J. B. T.

J. Bn.
J. D. B.

J. D. Pr.

J. G. C. A.

King's Botanist in Scotland. Regius Keeper of Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
Professor of Botany in the University of Edinburgh. Regius Professor of Angiosperms (in part).
Botany in the University of Glasgow, 1879-1884. Sherardian Professor of Botany
in the University of Oxford, 1884-1888.

JOHN ALLEN HOWE, B.Sc.

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London.
VERY REV. JOSEPH ARMITAGE ROBINSON, M.A., D.D.

Archean System;
Arenig Group.

Dean of Westminster. Fellow of the British Academy. Hon. Fellow of Christ's
College, Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, and Norrisian Aristides, Apology of.
Professor of Divinity. Author of Some Thoughts on the Incarnation; &c.

SIR JOHN BATTY TUKE, M.D., LL.D. (Edin.), D.Sc. (Dubl.)

President of the Neurological Society of the United Kingdom. Medical Director Aphasia.
of New Saughton Hall Asylum, Edinburgh. M.P. for the Universities of Edinburgh
and St Andrews, 1900-1910.

Professor of Semitic Languages, Columbia University, New York. Took part in
the Expedition to Southern Babylonia, 1888-89. Author of A Critical Commentary
on the Book of Daniel; Assyrian Primer.

JOHN GEORGE CLARK ANDERSON, M.A.

Architecture: Romanesque and

Gothic, in England.

Athens;
Athos.

Assur (Biblical).

Student, Censor and Tutor of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1896. Angora.
Formerly Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. Joint-author of Studica Pontica.

Professor of Law in the University of Paris. Officer of the Legion of Honour.
Member of the Institute of France. Author of Cours élémentaire d'histoire du Appanage.
droit français; &c.

J. S. B.

J. S. F.

J. Si.*

J. V. B.

J. W. G.

J. W. He.

K. S..

L. H.*

L. J. S.

L. M. Br.

L. W.

M. G.

M. H. C.

KATHLEEN SCHLESINGER.

Author of The Instruments of the Orchestra.

LOUIS HALPHen, D.-ès-L.

{Apprenticeship.

Aplite.

Antananarivo.

Apostle;
Apostolic Fathers.

Australia: Physical
Geography.

Arnim, Count.

{Arghoul; Asor; Aulos.

Lecturer on Medieval History at the University of Bordeaux. Formerly Secretary Anjou.
of the École des Chartes, Paris.

LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A., F.G.S.

Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex
College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the Mineralogical Magazine.

LOUIS MAURICE BRANDIN, M.A.

Fielden Professor of French and of Romance Philology in the University of London.
LUCIEN WOLF.

Anhydrite; Ankerite;
Annabergite; Anorthite;
Apatite; Apophyllite;
Aragonite; Argentite;
Argyrodite; Augite.

{ Anglo-Norman Literature.

{

Vice-President of the Jewish Historical Society of England. Formerly President of Anti-Semitism.
the Society. Joint editor of the Bibliotheca Anglo-Judaica.
MOSES GASTER.

Chief Rabbi of the Sephardic communities of England. Vice-President, Zionist
Congress, 1898, 1899, 1900. Ilchester Lecturer at Oxford on Slavonic and

Byzantine Literature, 1886 and 1891. President, Folklore Society of England. Anthim the Iberian.
Vice-President, Anglo-Jewish Association. Author of History of Rumanian
Popular Literature; A New Hebrew Fragment of Ben-Sira; The Hebrew Version of
Secretum Secretorum of Aristotle.

MONTAGUE HUGHES CRACKANTHORPE, K.C., D.C.L.

President of the Eugenics Education Society: Formerly Member of the General Arbitration, International.
Council of the Bar and Council of Legal Education. Late Chairman, Incorporated
Council of Law Reporting. Honorary Fellow St John's College, Oxford.

Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania. Author of Religion Anu; Assur (God);

Formerly Archivist to the French National Archives. Auxiliary to the Institute Aumale, Duc d'.
of France (Academy of Moral and Political Sciences).

NORMAN MCLEAN, M.A.

M. P.*

{

N. M.:

P. A.

P.A. K.

P. C. M.

P. C. Y

P. G.

P. Gi.

P. La.

P. Vi.

R.

PAUL DANIEL ALPHANDÉRY.

Arms and Armour:
English.

Austria: Statistics.

Professor of the History of Dogma, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Sorbonne, Apostolici;

Paris. Author of Les Idées morales chez les hétérodoxes latines au début du XIII Arnold of Brescia.
siècle.

Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and University Aryan.
Reader in Comparative Philology. Author of Manual of Comparative Philology.
PHILIP LAKE, M.A., F.G.S.

Lecturer on Physical and Regional Geography in Cambridge University. Formerly Apennines;

of the Geological Survey of India, Author of Monograph of British Cambrian
Trilobites. Translator and editor of Kayser's Comparative Geology.

PAUL VINOGRADOFF, D.C.L. (Oxford), LL.D. (Cambridge and Harvard).

Asia: Geology;
Austria: Geology.

Corpus Professor of Jurisprudence in the University of Oxford. Fellow of the Anglo-Saxon Law.
British Academy. Honorary Professor of History in the University of Moscow.
Author of Villainage in England; English Society in the 11th Century; &c.

THE RIGHT HON. LORD RAYLEIGH.

Commissioner for

Arabia: Modern History;
Asir.

Served in the Afghan War, 1878-1880; with the Hazara Expeditions, 1888 and
1891; with the Tirah Expeditionary Force, 1897-1898, &c.
the Aden Boundary Delimitation.

Author of Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in British Museum; Antelope; Arsinoitherium;
The Deer of all Lands; &c.

Keeper of the National Gallery, 1854-1877. Author of The Epochs of Painting; &c. Arabesque.

R. PHENE SPIERS, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.

Past

Arch;

{

Apse;
Arcade;

Architecture.

R. Po.

R. S.

R. S. C.

R. Tr.

S. A. C.

S. C.

S. N.

ST C.

Sw.

T. A. C.

T. A. L.

T. As.

T. Ba.

T. Ca.

RENÉ POUPARDIN, D.-ÈS-L.

{

Secretary of the École des Chartes. Honorary Librarian at the Bibliothèque Arles, Kingdom of.
Nationale, Paris.

LIEUT.-GEN. SIR RICHARD STRACHEY, R.E., G.C.S.I., LL.D., F.R.S.

See the biographical article: STRACHEY, SIR R.

ROBERT SEYMOUR CONWAY, M.A., D.LITT. (Cantab.).
Professor of Latin in the University of Manchester. Formerly Professor of Latin
in University College, Cardiff. Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.
Author of The Italic Dialects.

THE RIGHT HON. LORD SWAYTHLING (SIR SAMUEL MONTAGU).
M.P. for Whitechapel, 1885-1900. Founder of the firm of Samuel Montagu & Co., Arbitrage.

Bankers, London.

TIMOTHY AUGUSTINE COGHLAN, I.S.O.

Agent-General for New South Wales. President of Australasian Association for the Australia.
Advancement of Science (Economics and Statistics), 1902. Author of The Seven
Colonies of Australia; Statistical Account of Australia and New Zealand.

President of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Formerly Waynflete Professor of Moral Aristotle.
and Metaphysical Philosophy at Oxford. Author of Physical Realism; &c.

Assistant Secretary to the Treasury. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Apollonius of Perga;

REV. THOMAS MARTIN LINDSAY, LL.D., D.D.

Archimedes.

Principal of the United Free Church College, Glasgow. Formerly Assistant to the
Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh. Author of Aquinas, Thomas.
History of the Reformation; Life of Luther; &c.

Professor of Comparative Religion in the University of Manchester. President of Asoka.

the Pali Text Society. Fellow of the British Academy. Secretary and Librarian

of Royal Asiatic Society, 1885-1902. Author of Buddhism; &c.