VII. CATACHRESIS, Karάxpnois, an Abufe, from alaxgάopa, abutor. EXAMPLES. Thus when an Improper Term is boldly us'd for a Proper; as, Vir Gregis ipfe Caper deerraverat, i. e. Dux Gregis; Virg. Inftar montis equum divinâ Palladis arte Edificant; Virg. Equitare in Arundine longo; Hor. Uxores olentis Mariti, i. e. Capræ; Hor. Capitis Nives, i. e. cani Capilli; Hor. A Glafs Inkhorn. A Wooden Tombstone. mifi Ultorem, i. e. minatus fum; Virg. Æn. I. Breve Lilium, i. e. non diuturnum; Hor. See Rev. i. 12. Hofea iv. 8. Deut. xxxii. 14. Psalm cxxxvii. 5. Jer. xlvi. 10. Lev. xxvi. 30. Exod. xxiii. 19. &c. Si in Catachrefi quid durius finxeris, præmunies dicendo, Ut ita dicam, Si licet dicere, Quodammodo, Permitte mihi fic dicere. &c.

Pro

I'll beg leave to conclude my Explication of thefe Tropes in the Words of the elegant and very judi

cious Mr. BLACKWALL.

"By this short Account 'tis plain, that there is a general Analogy and Relation between all Tropes, and that in all of them a Man ufes a foreign or strange Word instead of a proper one; and therefore fays one thing, and means fomething different. When he says one thing and means another almost the fame, 'tis a Synecdoche: When he fays one thing and means another mutually depending, 'tis a Metonymy: When he says one thing and means another oppofite or contrary, 'tis an Irony: When he says one thing and means another like to it, it is a Metaphor: A Metaphor continued and often repeated becomes an Allegory: A Metaphor carried to a great Degree of Boldness is an Hyperbole; and when at firft Sound it feems a little harfh and fhocking, and may be imagin'd to carry fome Impropriety in it, 'tis a Catachrefis." Introd. to Claff. p. 181.

N. RHETORICIANS fometimes, but fomewhat improperly, enumerate the Seven following as Tropes or Affections of Tropes, viz. 1. ONOMATOPOEIA, a Coining a Word from the Scund, from voμa, nomen, & row, facio; as, Balare, grunnire, boare, binnire, Hurliburly, lumbering, rattling, bluftering. Bombalio, clangor, ftridor, taratantara, murmur. 2. ANTI HRASIS, a Speaking-contrary, from avri, contra, & Qęálw, loquor; thus, War is called Bellum, quòd minimè fit bellum; the Fates Parca, quia nemini parcunt ; a Grove Lucus, quòd minimè luceat. 3. LITOTES, a Leffening, from Aros, tenuis, whereby a flight Denial makes a strong Affirmation; as, Non laudo, that is, reprehendo; Ter. Andr. Nec munera curat Alexis, this is, maxime fpernit; Virg. Ecl. 2. Munera nec fperno, that is, lubens accipio; En. 7. Eft qui nec veteris pocula Maffici fpernit, that is, magnoperè amat; Hor. See 1 Cor. x. 5. Pfalm li. 17. Pfalm ix. 12. Job xxxi. 17. &c. 4. ACCISMUS, a Feign'd Refufal, from anxigopar. fimulatè recufo; as, No, I thank you. See Gen. xix. 2. 5. HYPALLAGE, a Changing the Order of Words, from vrò, fub, & annarlw, muto; as, In nova fert animus mutatas dicere Formas Corpora, for, Corpora mutata in novas Formas; Ovid. Necdum illis Labra admovi, for, illa Labris; Virg. Ecl. 3. Dare claffibus Auftros, for, Claffes Auftris; Virg. Æn. 3.

6. EUPHE

MISMUS, a Putting a Glofs on a Thing, from εð, bene, & Onul, dico; call'd alfo CHROMA, a Colouring; as, Surely he covereth his Feet, i. e. Certè purgat Alvum; Judg. iii. 24. Ibo quò faturi folent, i. e. ad exonerandam Alvum feu Veficam. So exceffit or deceffit for obiit. Itane Chryfis? hem! Nos quidem pol miferas perdidit; Ter. Andr. See Job. xxiii. 14. and 2 Tim. iv. 14. 7..ANTHROPOFATHIA, Humane Parts and Paffions

fons from Refemblance afcrib'd to God, from avOpwr, Homo, & mál, Paffio; as, The Eyes of the Lord are upon the Righteous, and his Ears are open unto their Cry; Pfalm xxxiv. 15. See Pfalm cxvi. 15. Pfalm xi. 4. Pfalm xvii. 8. &c.

O. That the young Student mayn't make use of Tropes but where they'll come in seasonably, and with Advantage, he is to obferve that----The FAULTS OF TROPES are Nine---

3

4

5

Of TROPES Perplext, Harfh, Frequent, Swoln, Fetch'd-far,

Ill-reprefenting, Forc'd, Low, Lewd, beware.

SECT. II.

Of the CHIEF and most moving FIGURES

of Speech.

AFIGURE, from fingo, to fashion,

P. A

is the Fashioning and Drefs of Speech;

or, an Emphatical Manner of Speaking, different from the Way that is ordinary and natural: expreffing either a Paffion, or containing a Beauty.

Q. THE PRINCIPAL and most moving
FIGURES in Speech are twenty, viz.

Blackw. p.

1. An ECPHONESIS movingly exclaims. 189 II. An APORIA Doubts and Queftions frames. 191 III. EPANORTHOSIS, to enhance, corrects. 192 IV. APOSIOPESIS, paufing, Thoughts rejects. 194 v. APOPHASIS, t'enforce, flights or fays lefs. 195 VI. APOSTROPHE turns off to make Addrefs. 197 VII. ANASTROPHE Sufpence by' Inverfion deals. 200 VIII. AN EROTESIS afks, debates, appeals. 203, 205 IX. PROLEPSIS, to prevent, Objections feigns. 206 x. ASYNCHORESIS grants, andConqueft gains, 207 XI. METABASIS from Thing to Thing proceeds. {25 XII, PERIPHRASIS ufes more Words than needs. 216 XIII. A CLIMAX amplifies by ftrict Gradation. $210, XIV. ASYNDETON drops and thro'Hafte orPaffion, 224 xv. An OXYMORON mingles Contraries. XVI. ENANTIOSIS Oppofitions tries. XVII. PARABOLE in Similes is rife.

$256,

2223

227

228

231

254

XVIII. HYPOTYPOSIS paints Things to the Life. {238,245, XIX. PROSOPOPOEIA feigns a Perfon fpeaks. xx. EPIPHONEMA Annotations makes.

247

264, 267

THE MEANING and DERIVATION of the Names or Terms, with Examples.

ECPHONESIS, 'ExQwnois, an Exclamation,

し

from ἐκφωνέω, exclamo. EXAMPLES. O Clementiam admirabilem! Cic. pro Marc. Scelus! O Peftis! O Labes! Cic. in Pif. O Co

Jum!

기

lum! O Terra! O Maria Neptuni! Ter. Adelph. O Populares! Ecquis me hodie fortunatior? Ter. Eun. O utinam tunc, cum Lacedæmona claffe petebat, Obrutus infanis effet adulter aquis! Ovid. Ep. 1. Dî tibi-Præmia digna ferant, Virg. Æn. 1. O miferum me! confumptis enim Lachrymis, infixus tamen Pectori hæret Dolor; Cic. Phil. My God! My God! why haft thou forfaken me? Matth. xxvii. 46. See alfo Pfalm lxxxiv. 1. — N. This Figure is alfo called ANAPHONEMA, from avaQwvśw, exclamo. When Admiration is exprefs'd, 'tis call'd THAUMASMUS, from GävμáZw, admiror; as, O curas bominum! Quantum eft in rebus inane? Perf. When any Good is wish'd or pray'd for, 'tis call'd EUCHE or VOTUM, from xoai, precor; as, O utinam poffem populos reparare paternis Artibus! Ovid. When a Curfe is exprefs'd, or an Evil wifh'd, 'tis call'd APEŬCHE, from dò, & iuxn, votum, or ARA or EXECRATIO, from agdoua, imprecor, or MISOS, from μi, odium; as, Dii ifti Segulio male faciant! Cic. Dii illum Deæque fenium perdant, meque adeò-Ter. When Intreaty is made ufe of, 'tis call'd DEESIS or OBSECRATIO, from déoμal, precor; as, Quod ego per hanc te dextram oro; Ter. When any bad Prefage is wish'd to be averted, 'tis call'd ABOMINATIO; as, Quod Dii omen avertant! Quod ego abominor! Procul omen abefto! Procul hæc avertant Fata! Quod Dii prohibeant! Di meliora piis! Dî talem à terris avertite Peftem; Virg-See Rom. xi. 33. A&ts xiii. 10. Jer. xliv. 4. Rom. vii. 24. Ifai. Ixiv. í. Pfalm lv. 6. Luke xiii. 34. Gal. iii. 1, Mark xv. 29. 1 Cor. xv. 55. 1 Tim. vi. II.

II. APORIA,'Argía, a Doubting, from dropiopas, perplexus fum; AS, Quò me mifer conferam? quò vertam in Capitoliumne? at Fratis fanguine redundat: an Domum? Matremne ut miferam,

lamen