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pleased, said, It was easy to be eloquent upon so good a fubject. But, faith he, Turn your style, and let us hear what you can fay against us: which Callifthenes presently undertook, and did with that sting and life, that Alexander interrupted him, and faid, The goodness of the cause made him eloquent before, and defpite made him eloquent then again.

Confider further, for tropes of Rhetoric, that excellent use of a Metaphor or translation, wherewith he taxed Antipater, who was an imperious and tyrannous Governor for when one of Antipater's friends commended him to Alexander for his moderation, that he did not degenerate, as his other Lieutenants did, into the Perfian pride, in use of purple, but kept the ancient habit of Macedon, of black; True, faith Alexander, but Antipater is all purple within. Or that other, when Parmenio came to him in the plain of Arbela, and showed him the innumerable multitude of his enemies, efpecially as they appeared by the infinite number of lights, as it had been a new firmament of stars, and thereupon advised him to assail them by night : whereupon he answered, That he would not fteal the Victory.

For matter of policy, weigh that fignificant distinction, so much in all ages embraced, that he made between his two friends, Hephæftion and Craterus, when he faid, That the one loved Alexander, and the other loved the King: defcribing the principal difference of Princes' best servants, that

some in affection love their person, and others in duty love their crown.

Weigh also that excellent taxation of an Error, ordinary with Counsellors of Princes, that they counsel their Mafters according to the model of their own mind and fortune, and not of their Mafters'; when, upon Darius's great offers, Parmenio had faid, Surely I would accept thefe offers, were I as Alexander; faith Alexander, So would I, were I as Parmenio.

Laftly, weigh that quick and acute reply, which he made when he gave fo large gifts to his friends and fervants, and was asked what he did reserve for himself, and he answered, Hope: weigh, I fay, whether he had not caft up his account right, because Hope must be the portion of all that resolve upon great enterprises. For this was Cæfar's portion when he went first into Gaul, his eftate being then utterly overthrown with Largeffes. this was likewise the portion of that noble Prince, howfoever transported with ambition, Henry Duke of Guife, of whom it was usually said, that he was the greatest Ufurer in France, because he had turned all his estate into obligations.

And

To conclude, therefore: as certain Critics are used to say hyperbolically, That if all sciences were loft they might be found in Virgil! fo certainly this may be faid truly, there are the prints and footsteps of Learning in those few speeches which are reported of this Prince: the admiration of whom,

when I confider him not as Alexander the Great, but as Ariftotle's Scholar, hath carried me too far.

As for Julius Cæfar, the excellency of his learning needeth not to be argued from his education, or his company, or his fpeeches; but in a further degree doth declare itself in his writings and works; whereof some are extant and permanent, and some unfortunately perished. For, first, we see, there is left unto us that excellent History of his own wars, which he intitled only a Commentary, wherein all fucceeding times have admired the solid weight of matter, and the real paffages and lively Images of actions and persons, expressed in the greatest propriety of words and perfpicuity of Narration that ever was; which that it was not the effect of a natural gift, but of Learning and precept, is well witnessed by that work of his, intitled, De Analogia, being a grammatical Philofophy, wherein he did labour to make this fame Vox ad placitum to become Vox ad licitum, and to reduce cuftom of fpeech to congruity of speech; and took, as it were, the picture of words from the life of reafon.

So we receive from him, as a Monument both of his power and Learning, the then reformed computation of the year; well expreffing that he took it to be as great a glory to himself to observe and know the law of the Heavens, as to give law to men upon the earth.

So likewise in that book of his, Anti-Cato, it

may easily appear that he did afpire as well to victory of wit as victory of war: undertaking therein a conflict against the greatest Champion with the pen that then lived, Cicero the Orator.

So again in this Book of Apophthegms, which he collected, we see that he esteemed it more honour to make himself but a pair of Tables, to take the wife and pithy words of others, than to have every word of his own to be made an Apophthegm or an Oracle; as vain Princes, by cuftom of flattery, pretend to do. And yet if I fhould enumerate divers of his fpeeches, as I did those of Alexander, they are truly such as Solomon noteth, when he faith, Verba fapientum tanquam aculei, et tanquam clavi in altum defixi: whereof, I will only recite three, not so delectable for elegancy, but admirable for vigour and efficacy.

As, firft, it is reafon he be thought a Master of words, that could with one word appease a mutiny in his Army, which was thus: The Romans, when their Generals did speak to their Army, did use the word Milites, but when the Magistrates spake to the people, they did use the word Quirites. The Soldiers were in tumult, and feditiously prayed to be cashiered; not that they fo meant, but by expoftulation thereof to draw Cæfar to other Conditions; wherein he being refolute not to give way, after some filence, he began his fpeech, Ego Quirites: which did admit them already cafhiered; wherewith they were so surprised, croffed, and confused, as they would not fuffer him to go on in his

speech, but relinquished their demands, and made it their fuit to be again called by the name of Milites.

The second speech was thus: Cæfar did extremely affect the name of King; and some were fet on, as he paffed by, in popular acclamation to falute him King: whereupon, finding the cry weak and poor, he put it off thus, in a kind of Jeft, as if they had mistaken his furname; Non Rex fum, fed Cafar; a fpeech, that if it be searched, the life and fulness of it can scarce be expreffed: for, firft, it was a refusal of the name, but yet not serious: again, it did fignify an infinite confidence and magnanimity, as if he presumed Cæfar was the greater Title; as by his worthiness it is come to pass till this day: but chiefly it was a speech of great allurement toward his own purpose; as if the State did ftrive with him but for a name, whereof mean families were vested; for Rex was a furname with the Romans, as well as King is with us.

The last speech which I will mention, was used to Metellus; when Cæfar, after War declared, did possess himself of the City of Rome; at which time entering into the inner Treasury to take the money there accumulated, Metellus, being Tribune, forbade him: whereto Cæfar faid, That if he did not defift, he would lay him dead in the place: And presently taking himself up, he added, Adolefcens, durius eft mihi hoc dicere quàm facere. Young man, it is harder for me to speak than to do it. A speech compounded of the greatest terror and greatest

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