inimical to the people, who had fo unjustly plotted against her, and attached to her friends, all was cabal and fufpicion at Verfailles; whilft thofe who were either by choice or the ill-regulated reform of Louis, removed from the court, flew to aid that fpint of revolt and difaffection which had been nurfed by the Duc de -on the one part, and by the lovers of freedom on the other. The people became frantic by oppreffion, which at last burst forth, and brought about that revolution which must ever create wonder and farrow, from its rapidity and aftonishing circumftances. We find the first year of the revolt a scene of horror, cruelty, and riot degrading to be recorded of any nation, and likely to remain for many years equally deplorable" (p. 172-174). Of the emperors Jofeph and Leopo'd he does not ipeak very favourably; but of English interference in the affairs of Holland the fays, that, "With the aid of Pruffia, not only were reftored order and tranquillity in Holland, but a treaty was made, which proved all the wealth and intrigue of the French cabinet to have been vainly exhaufted in raifing up that faction in other nations which the vengeance of Heaven feems to have denounced should recoil 0 themselves, and aggrandize thofe they wished to leffen. When the heyday came, they were not able to profit of their treacherous plan, and England, by her hold, honourable, political conduct, ditpelled every cloud, and now appears to all Europe the most exalted state, the lawgiver of the world, not by petty arts, but impofing grandeur not to be equaled or impaired by the perfidy of her neighbours. It is true that he may be obliged to unsheath the sword in their contention, which will only afford her added honour, by her enforcing juftice, defending the oppreffed, or Staying the horrors of civil broils" (pp. -180, 181). Lady W. is of opinion, "All the united force of the empire, joined to that of the nobles, who left the royal family a prey to a lawless mob, and Book refuge in the bofom of their natural enemies, fupplicating fuccour to restore their rights, will not now be able to restore aristocracy, and place their monarch on the throne independent as his forefathers. Should they attempt to enter France, the whole nation, who at prefent are divided into many parties, originating from jealousy, poverty, and every cause of difcoment, they will all join, and forget their internal fores, to repel the common enemy: for it is not with liberty that they are diffatisfie.l, but the abufes of that bleffing, by the ill conduct of the then credit, the ftop to all commerce and trade. But if their difcontent is left to prey upon themselves, it will do more to the restoration of their former fituation than all the troops of the empire, though commanded by the Majefty of Sweden, whofe intrepidity, bravery, and generosity, will leave nothing that his narrow powers can do to re-establish the government, and rescue royalty from the humiliating fituation in which it has been fo long funk” (p. 185–187). We have next a brief review of the horrors of the 5th of October, and a vindication of Fayette's condu&t on that day, to which the royal family owe their prefervation. "Most people are astonished that Franchmen, who have ever been cited as a frivolous, fawning set of people, famed only for politeefs and delicacy, that they fhall all at once burit forth ferocious, merciless favages, exulting in murders and cruelties unequaled on the coast of Guinea. Even the women in Normandy have been feen fighting who fhould, canibal-like, devour the yet throbbing heart of a young man that they butchered because their landlord, whofe only crime was having been born noble, and having enjoyed those rents which he was reared under their eye to poffefs as his forefathers had done. The reafon for this speedy change is obvious; they never had any real character; their polithed, fervile, courteous appearance was a mask which defpotifm forced them to put on, the fears to which they conftantly were lives, the abject court which they were obliged to fhew those they mortally hated; in short, all their fentiments, actions, and words were falfehood, to deceive their tyrants, and to evade thofe fpies who lurked in every corner. Now that they are no longer obliged to wear this cloak, they are left in naked wretchednefs of character, with every feeling perverted, divested of that honour, humanity, and generofity, which has fo nobly distinguished Englishmen ever fince that happy prod when they dared to think and reason from the freeborn mind, and follow the honeft dictates of uncorrupted Nature. The French had not manly firmne's to lop off grievances, or fkill, like good hufbandmen, to weed without leveling the whole crop. Because knights, nobles, and princes became cor rupted, that does not argue that they should no longer exift. It is in the power of every nation, endowed with reafon and steadiness, to reform errors which have imperceptibly grown obnoxious. The world has too long exifted, and every poffible fort of govern ment or fyftem for the happiness of individuals has in every varied form been tried: and we never yet have found any that has rendered mankind happy or respectable as á fociety, but where fubordination and confidence was implicit in men chofen as leaders, in laws approved by the voice of the nation an equal reprefentation of the people, and impartial protection of their rights. Kings, lords, lords, and priests, are neceffary evils, like doctors; the only error is in affixing a value, to their titles, not to their character. But from lawless anarchy nothing can spring but tyranny and oppreffion. Some artful men will most probably profit by the general calamity, and ufurp power to abuse it. Had the National Affembly afforded the royal family that protection to which they had a right as fubjects of the commonwealth, and which was furely most facredly their right as King of the French; had they granted Louis like power with him who reigns over the greateft, happieft, and freest people in the world, I am perfuaded they never had wished to be again poffeffed of that defpotifm which they had never abused. It was clearly the pride and earnest wish of Louis XVI. from his acceffion to the throne, to give freedom to his people: and no trait of the Queen's conduct has ever fhewed that the had a wish beyond that of reigning over the hearts of mankind. Never did the from envy, vengeance, or pride, fend a victim to the Baftile, or degrade even an enemy. Had her friend the Duke de Choifeul, who led her a bride to Paris, and to whofe friendship she was ever grateful, been chofen minifter in place of the undermining, treacherous Maurepas and Vergennes, France had not loft all reputation for faith, political honour, and refpectability, or now have been loft in perfidy and anarchy, the feat of civil and, in all probability, unceafing war-a war which, before five years, will bathe in blood the face of Europe, and in which England, from her fituation, must largely partake" (p. 203 -209). Thefe, it must be confeffed, are forcible portraitures. Various parties will give or refuse their affent to their truth as the fpirit of party influences them. The conclufion of this interefting letter is, however, beyond the reach of controverfy. "There is a crifis in political constitutions as well as natural ones; the most sturdy progreffively grow pampered, and nurfe maladies in embryo; an infant state, emerging from poverty and ignorance, is overwhelmed with bigotry; that enthusiasm gives way at first to reafon, which leads mankind to industry and virtue; at laft, philofophy deftroys all reftraint, religion and probity give place to incredulity, treachery, idleness, and profligacy, which revolts and repines at all order, and murmurs in feditious difcord: at length, the poifoned bowl and affaffin's knife are employed to fmooth thofe obftacles it has to encounter: every throne totters, and the wifeft government is undermined by enemies nurfed in its own vitals, which, like unknown volcanoes, convulfe every fabrick, and spread ruin and devastation around" (pp. 209, 210). In a P.S. Lady Wallace draws the 66 character of the late King of Sweden, whom the pronounces "the beft hope "which the lovers of good order, law, or liberty had. His fortune and emIpire was bounded; but his mind, cou"rage, and abilities, was equal to any "thing which mortal could attempt or encourage; and whilst courage or ho 66 nour awaken the refpect and emula ❝tion of mankind, he muft ever be re"corded as a hero, a pattern of every "focial, moral, and warlike virtue (p. 222). 139. A Sequel to the printed Paper lately cir culated in Warwickshire, by the Rev. Charles Curtis, Brother of Alderman Curtis, a Birmingham Redior, &c. 8vo. PERSONAL altercations and local difputes, heightened with virulent abuse, conveyed in all the parade of pedantic language, are all that diftinguish this motley and high-priced medley from the mafs of literary effufions which obtrude themfelves fo inceffantly on the publick. The difpute muft foon fink into oblivion; and it is to be hoped the fpirit that inflamed it may die with it. 140. Curtius refcued from the Gulph; or, The Retort courteous to the Rev. Dr. Parr, in anfwer to his learned Pamphlet intituled “A Sequel," &c. taken in full as an extinguisher of the THIS fmart pamphlet ought to be ticle. The author has raked into the controverfy noticed in the preceding ar indices of the Delphin and Maittaire's clafficks as cleverly as the Dector into wicked wit among the unlucky élèves of Stobæus. We are only afraid hat fome the learned pedagogue may confer on him the indelible title of HOLOFERNES 141. A Letter from Irenopolis to the Inbabitants of Eleutheropolis; or, A ferious Ad• drefs to the Diffenters of Birmingham. By a Member of the Eftablished Church. THIS is not only, as the title pur ports, a ferious, but a ftrong and rational, addrefs to the Diffenters, on the folly and impolicy of obftinately perfevering in the celebration of the French Revolution, after the dreadful confequences of fuch celebration last year; but we were happy to fee, in proper time, a formal difavowal of fuch intention in the Birmingham pa pers. Upon hearing of the report of the intended celebration, the writer fays, because I was unable to account for that in"Unwilling was I to believe that report, tention. It seemed to me incredible, that men, harraffed as you have been by oppref fion, and loaded by obloquy, fhould deliberately rub into danger which you cannot push aside, and difgrace which, after fuch an action, hazarded at fuch a crifis, you would in vain endeavour to wipe away.. You feem to provoke oppofition, without an adequate object. I confider you as plunging into calamity where you have not the plea of discharging a duty. I think, that for the guilt and misery into which your enemies may be hurried, the chief refponfibility must new recoil upon yourselves.”. . . . "Permitted I must be to add, with my ufual openness, though without any intentional rudeness to you or to your opponents, that in Birmingham there are many phyfical and moral, many latent and prominent, many inveterate and recent caufes, by which the paffions of your inferiors are become more ferocious than in other towns of equal or fuperior magnitude. To men of serious and impartial obfervation it is unneceffary for me to point out thofe caufes; and to the fuperficial or the captious, they would be pointed out in vain. Intenfe labour, fuc. ceeded by frequent and fyftematic intervals of idleness and intemperance. Political animofities in those who have not a glimmering of political knowledge. Religious antipathies among those who attend not religious worship. Inflammatory pamphlets and corrupt examples. The expectation of that impunity which has already been obtained for rioters. The ideas of merit to government strangely affociated to the commiffion of crimes againft law. These are circumstances which peculiarly diftinguish the condition of your common people” (p. 36). This pamphlet fully juftifies the character the writer of it gives of himfelf in the conclufion : "That writer is a lover of peace and of liberty too; he is a most ardent lover, as the best mean by which a real peace can be obtained and fecured. He therefore looks down with fcorn upon every fpecies of bigotry, and from every degree of perfecution he fhrinks with horror. He believes, that wherefoever imperious and turbulent teachers have ufurped an exceffive afcendancy over the minds of an ignorant and headftrong multitude, religion will always be disgraced, morals always vitiated, and fociety always endangered. But the REAL interefts, the REAL honour, and the REAL AND MOST . IMPORTANT cause of the Established Church he ever has fupported, and will support, as he alfo ever has contended, and will contend, in favour of a liberal, efficient, and progreve toleration. He confounds not the want of confidence in the measures of an administration with the refpect for the principles of a government. He diftinguishes between dutiful obedience and abject fervility to that regal power which, in this country, he holds to be not only conducive but effential to the public welfare. He is not much in the habit of refigning his judgement to the forebodings of the timid, the infinuations of the crafty, or the clamours of the malevolent. Yet he looks, perhaps with no narrow line of forefight, towards events which may be approaching; and upon the prefent fituation of the British empire he cannot reflect without a pause-without a pang-without jealoufy of every opinion that may fhake the fair fabrick of our Conftitution-without abhorrence of every meafore that may deluge this land of freedom in blood” (p. 39). Much more is there well deferving the attention not only of thofe to whom it is addreffed, but of all the French revolutionists in the kingdom. The mild fpirit of candour diffufed through the whole, by no means leffens, but on the contrary gives additional force to, the arguments adduced on the fubject by this refpectable Member of the Etab lifhed Church. Who this member is, the flyle and manner fufficiently demonftrate-aut PARR aut diabolus. 142. The Moderate Reformer; or, A Propofal to correct fome Abuses in the present Establish, ment of the Church of England, in a Manner that would tend to make it more useful to the Advancement of Religion, and to increase the Refpe&t and Attachment of the People to its Clergy; and likewife to improve the Condition of the inferior Clergy. By a Friend to the Church of England. THE plans of reform propofed to prevent "the people from taking the bufinefs into their own hands, and "performing it with a degree of vio"lence that will endanger the continu"ance of the establishment," are, 1. That, inftead of congé d'elires, the bishops be appointed at once by the king's letters patent, under the great feal, as in Ireland. 2. That no clergyman be made a bifhop till he is 40 years old. Nor, 3. unlets he has been rector or vicar of fome parish, with cure of fouls, for at least ten years, except the two res gius profefforflips of divinity in the uni versities. 4. That the poorer bishopricks be augmented; and taken from bishops, deans, and pre5, 6. The great tithes of parishes be bends, and reftored to the vicars. 7. Pluralities to be prohibited. 8. No clergyman to hold prebends in different cathedrals. 9. Every rector or vicar fuing for his tithes to bring proof and fwear that he has done duty in his parish church forty Sunday's Sundays in the year, or lefs, and recover his tithes in proportion. 10. Great tithes belonging to fellowfhips or masterfhips of colleges to be, on vacancy, returned to the vicars of the parishes to which they belonged. Beneath their steel, O Fate avert the deed! 11, Crown livings to lapfe in fix Our trembling fins, our helpless infants bleed. 'Tis Gallia's fate reviv'd, to curfe the age, months to the bishop, or archbishop, and With added horrors ai m'd, and tenfold rage." back to the crown in rotation. 12. Colleges to be allowed to purchafe twice as many advowfons of livings as they are now entitled to, in order to quicken the fucceffior.. 13. Extenfive parishes to be divided into five or fix of lefs extent. Equalizing of livings, altering the law about tithes, and reforming the XXXIX Articles and Litany, the moderate reformer Jets alone, on account of the difficulties that would occur in the execution of a plan for their amendment. "The re formation he propofes is eafy as well "as ufeful, and grounded on the maxims "and canons of the Church itself; and he could wish to fee the Archbishop "of Canterbury move the House of "Lords to establish the above regu"lations." 143. An Heroic Epifle to Thomas Paine. PARTY poetry, that is calculated for popularity, ought to have a very Ligh feafoning to recommend it; with out this, the happieft concatenation of elegant lines, and the most poetical defcriptions, will never force themselves into general reading. Where an obDoxious perfon is held forward to view, we expect to find him keenly fatirized, or powerfully ridiculed; and if the writer fpares the whip, or does not handle iz effectually, we haften to difmifs him for more ferviceable agents. This reflection occurred to us on the reading this poem, which, with fome powers of verification, and much merit of defcription, wanting the fel poignant of the modern baut gout, and never defcending to invective, can only claim a place on the poetical helf as a mild claffical effufion. Of the ftate of England after the introduction and establishment of the prefent leveling fyftem, he thus fpeaks: "See o'er yon barren furrow lies the plough, 144. Difcourfes on the Influence of the Chriftian Religion in Civil Society. By the Rev. James Douglas, F. A. S. THE volume before us contains XII difcourfes on the following fubjects: 1. On the Evidence of the Chriftian Religion. 2. On the Utility of the Chriftian Religion in Worldly Affairs. 3. On the local Application of Scripture Texts. 4. On falfe Judgement and Prejudice. 6. and 7. On the Lord's Supper. 9. On Public Preaching. 10. On our Saviour's Prophecy of his Death. 11. On the Credit of Gospel Tradition. 12. On our Saviour's Prophecy of the Deftruction of Jerufalem. The writer of thefe difcourfes obviously poffeffes a cultivated mind; his language is fometimes energetic, and always manly. We are obliged to remark, occafionally, a fondnels for abftrufe words, and fometimes a want of perfpicuity; but thefe difcourfes will be read by many with fatisfaction, and may be read by all with improvement. The author, in his advertisement, compliments the Abbé Voifin for his admirable defence of Christianity. We have not feen this performance, and shall be glad to know when and in what form it was published. 145. Memoirs of the firf Forty-five Years of the Life of James Lackington. Written by bimfelf. The Second Edition. WE congratulate Mr. Lackington on the great fuccefs of his book, on which, as we have before taken notice of it, we have little to fay, but that this edition is published with care, and many confider. able and entertaining articles are added, without any increate of price. It is honourable in a commercial nation like ours, to fee Diligence progreffively refrom diftrefs to opulence. warded, and rifing, by its own exertions, We hope Mr. L. will long enjoy what he has laboriously acquired. 146. Then 146 Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus, translated. Bythe Rev Richard Polwhele. A new Edit. THERE feems to be nothing to diftinguish this edition from the one which preceded; at leaft, in his advertisement, the learned tranflator informs us of no alterations or addi ions. We are happy to find that, of late years, tranflations from the learned languages appear to be affuming the place in the fcale of literature which they doubtiefs deferve, and which our neighbours of Italy and France have long allowed them. 147. Jehovah Jefus, the Alpha and Omega in Salvation. A Sermon, occafioned by the Death of Mr. Joseph jackfon, late Deacon of the Church of Chrift Meeting in Barbi can; preached Januarv the 29th, 1792, by John Towers, Paftor of that Church. Pub lifted, by particular Defore, for the Benefit of an Old Difciple. THIS plain and practical difcourfe, peculiarly well adapted to the fubject, reflects credit on the benevolent preacher, and on the character of Mr. Jackson; and as the "old difciple," for whofe be nefit it is printed, is "rather in need of "pecuniary affiftance," we recommend it to the perufal of our readers. For the death and character of Mr. J. we refer to p. 92. The following in fcription on his grave has fince been fent us by a correfpondent:" "Here lies the body of Mrs. Elizabeth Jackfon, She died Dec. 3, 1783, aged 49. Alfo, Mrs. Mary Jackfon, fecond wife of Mr. Jofeph Jackson, of Salisbury-square, Fleet-ftreet, who departed this life Sept. 14, 1792, aged 52. Mr. Jofeph Jackson is alfo here buried, a Letter-founder of diftinguished eminence, a truly honest man, and a good Chriftian. He died Jan. 14, 1792, in his 58th year, univerfally refpected and regretted." 148. The Hiftory of Herodotus, tranflated from the Greek, with Notes fubjoined, by J. Lempriere, A. B. Vol. I. (Reviewed by a Correfpondent.) Mr. URBAN, Cambridge, June 12. I AM happy to lay before your readers an account of a work of which they have been in expectation for foine time. "It is but juftice to fav," as Mr. L. obferves in his preface, that “the ❝ tranflation of which the first volume is "now prefented to the publick was un"dertaken in the beginning of the year "1785, at the recommendation of a "gentleman who is an o'namen: as "much to fociety as to polite literature. GENT. MAG. July, 1792. "What was begun originally as an "amufement, when conne&ed and improved, was continued as a regular "work, and the fame year propofals "were published for printing the book "in two volumes 8vo.; a plan which a more famiar acquaintance with the fubject rejected as impracticable, if copious notes were to accompany the "tranflation." Only the first volume is yet published, and, according to the plan laid down, the tranflation, with a complete index, will comprehend three volumes; and the copioufnefs of the notes, with occa honal differtations and neceffary remarks, wi'l extend to two if not to three more. As a fpecimen of what is to come, the volume before us is in every degree highly entitled to the patronage of the publick. Mr. L. has given, in an Eng. 1.fh drefs, the dignity and fweetnefs, the elegance and the bold energy, which crowd the pages of the Greek original. a I have peruled the tranflation with pleafure, and, after comparing it with the original, find that the whole is exe cuted with accuracy and with fidelity. The tranflator has not fervilely followed the hiftorian, or fhielded the introduction of uncouth words on unwarranted explanations, under the pretence of clofely copying the Greek; but, with a juftnefs of conception, and without lofing fight of his original, he commands our attention, and fixes our admiration upon every pallage full of pathos and fublimity. His defcription of the battle between Tamyris the Maffagetan queen and the Perfians, in which Cyrus was flain, will convince your readers that the diction from chap. CCXIV. of the first book, is bold, an mated, and elegant, that the periods are harmonious, and the fenfe of the original conveyed with perfpicuity and with grace. "Tamyris had already affembled her numerous armies to enforce her threats, and the battle which foon enfuel may be defcribed by the hiftorian as the most furious and obiti nate that ever was fought between two barbarian nations. The conflict began, according to the feattered information I have received, by a furious difcharge of arrows on both fides, while yet at a little distance; but there were no fooner fpent, than the two armies ruthed to the cloter combat o fwords and pears. For a long time vict ry fluttered between the rival nations, while the obftinate and determined courage of both rettfed to quit the post of honour; but at laft the fuperior valour of the Mafiagete prevailed; the |