Thrace, 125; his bridge over the
Bosphorus, ib.; erects two columns,
ib.; his bridge over the Ister, 127;
his division of the Persian empire
into twenty satrapies, 202; stone
figure of, at Susa, 268; canal of, see
NECO.

Dascyleium, 228.
Datus, 131.
Daulians, 80.

Decelea, 65.

Delium, 69.

Delos, island of, 97.
Delphi, general description of, 75; He-
rodotus's account of the temple and
its treasures, 76; gifts of Croesus,
77; miscellaneous gifts, 78.
Delta. See AEGYPT (LOWER).
Delta, marshes of, 378; island of Elbo,
379.

Demeter, the Achaean, temple and
mysteries of, at Athens, 62.

Demeter, the Eleusinian, temple of, at
Platea, 73.

Demeter, the Amphictyonian, temple
of, at Thermopylae, 82.

Demeter, temple of, in Paros, 100; in
Aegina, 110.

Demeter, the Aegyptian, temple of, at
Memphis, 390. See Isis.

Democritus, discovered the real cause
of the overflow of the Nile, 359.
Derbend, defile of, 155.
Dersaei, 129.

Derusiaei, 270.

Despoto mountains, 123.
Dicaea, 128.

Dictyes, 542.

Dictynna, temple of, 95.
Didymi, 223.

Dindymene, mountain of, 229.
Dion, 118.

Dionysus, the Thracian, 136.

Dropici, 270.
Drymus, 79.

Dryopes in the Peloponnesus, 37.
Dryopis, 84.
Dyma, town of, 45.
Dyras, river, 81.
Dysorum, Mount, 116, 121.

Earth, early attempts to describe cir-
cumference of, 14; opinions of He-
rodotus upon the subject, 15; ex-
tent of his knowledge, ib.; divisions
of the earth, 16; separation of Eu-
rope and Asia, 17; separation of
Asia and Libya, 18; seas bounding
the earth's extremities, 19.
Ecbatana, identified by Rennell with

Hamadan, and by Rawlinson with
Takhti-Soleiman, 287; described by
Herodotus, 288; story of its walls
considered to be a fable of Sabaean
origin, 288.

Echeidorus, river, 114, 120.
Echinades islands, 84.
Edoni, 129.
Edonia, 131.
Egestaea, 93.

Egypt. See AEGYPT.
Eion, 130.
Elaeus, 127.
Elatea, 79.

Elbo, island of, 379.
Elburz mountains, 244.
Eleon, 69.

Elephantine, 435.
Eleusis, 65.

ELIS, general description of, 45; He-
rodotus's account, ib.; Aetolians,
Caucones, Minyae, ib.; Elean seers,
46; no mules bred in Elis, ib.; to-
pography, ib.
Elisyci, 176.

Ellopian district, 109.
Elorus, river, 94.

Dionysus, the Arabian, 320.

Eretrians, transplanted to Ardericca,

269.

Eridanus, river, 22.

Erineus, 84.

Erochus, 79.
Erytheia, 174.
Erythrae, 69, 233:

Erythraean Sea, 19; isles of, 297.
Erythrebolus, 433.
Eryx country, 93.
Erzroum, 281.

Etearchus, his story of the Nasamonian
expedition into the Sahara, 570.
Etesian winds, 12; supposed by Thales
to cause the inundation of the Nile,
358.

Ethiopia. See AETHIOPIA.
Euboea, island of, 108.

Euphrates, river, account of, 263; an-
ciently overflowed the country, ib.;
dams raised by Semiramis and Ni-
tocris, ib.; course of the river ren-
dered winding by Nitocris, ib.; nu-
merous artificial canals, ib. See also
BABYLON.

EUROPE, general survey of, 21; ex-

tent of Herodotus's knowledge, ib.;
seas of Europe, 24; Pontus Eux-
inus, ib.; Palus Maeotis (Maeetis),
ib.; Propontis, ib.; Caspian, 25;
Adriatic, ib.; Ionian, ib.
Europe, Eastern, 183; great caravan

route, ib.; character of the com-
merce, 184; Olbia the emporium,
ib.; trade in corn, ib.; slaves, ib. ;
furs, ib.; gold from the Ural and
Altai mountains, 185; route north-
ward from the Budini, ib.; desert
of seven days' journey, occupying
Simbirsk and Kasan, ib.; route
towards the east, ib.; Thyssagetæ,
occupying Perm, ib.; Jyrcae on
the Ural mountains, 186; Scythian
exiles occupying Tobolsk, ib.; Ar-
gippaei, at the foot of the Altai
mountains, ib.; identification of the
Argippaei with the Calmucks, 187;
unknown regions north of the Argip-
paei, occupied by men with goats'
feet, and people who slept for six
months at a time, 188; identifica-
tion of the Altai, ib.; eastern route
continued, ib.; the Issedones, ib.;
Arimaspi, 189; gold-guarding grif-
fins, ib.; nations on the frontier
towards Asia, 190; general descrip-
tion of Mount Caucasus, ib.; He-
rodotus's account of the mountain
and people, ib.; the Massagetae,
191; Herodotus's description of the
river Araxes, ib. ; explanation of
the apparent contradictions, 192;
manners and customs of the Mas-
sagetae, ib.

2 Q

Europe, Northern, 178; region im-
penetrable from bees or frost, 179;
the Sigynnes, a Medic colony, fond of
chariot-driving, ib.; nations border-
ing on Scythia, ib. Agathyrsi, oc-
cupying Transylvania, ib.; Neuri,
occupying Poland and Lithuania,
180; Androphagi, occupying Smo-
lensk, ib.; Melanchlaeni, occupying
Orloff, 181; Sauromatae, occupy-
ing the country of the Don Cossacks
and part of Astracan, ib.; Budini
and Geloni, occupying Saratoff, 182.
Europe, western, 173; region beyond
the Pillars of Heracles, 174; Tar-
tessus, ib.; Erytheia, ib.; Gadeira,
ib.; Celtae, ib.; Cynetae, ib.; account
of the river Ister, or Danube, ib. ; ex-
planation of Herodotus's description
of the Ister, and account of the Cy-
netae and Celtae, 175; the Iberi,
Ligyes, and Elisyci, 176; Italy, sin-
gular omission of Rome, ib.; North-
ern Italy, occupied by the Ombrici
and Tyrseni, ib.; Southern Italy,
occupied by Greek colonies, 177.
Euxine tribes, or EASTERN PONTUS,
comprising the Moschi, Tibareni,
Macrones, Mosynoeci, and Mares,
answering to Trebisonde, 279; He-
rodotus's account very meagre, ib.;
extent of the satrapy, 280; order of
the nations according to Xenophon,
ib.

Euxinus, Pontus, 24.
Exampaeus, spring, 152.

Farsistan, 267.

Fayoum, description of the oval basin
of, 422; consists of three different
levels, ib.; watered by a branch
from the Canal of Joseph, 423; geo-
logical constitution of the soil. See
also LABYRINTH and MOERIS LAKE.
Fezzan, inhabited by the Garamantes,
565.

Frankincense, land of, 314.

Gadeira, 174.
Gaeson, 233.

Galaica, afterwards called Briantica,
128.

Galepsus, 118.

Gandara, comprising the Sattagydae,
Gandarii, Dadicae, and Aparytae,
296.

Gandarii, 296; identified with the peo-
ple of Candahar, 297.
Garamantes, covered the earth with
salt before cultivating it, and pos-
sessed kine walking backwards, 560;
hunted the Aethiopian Troglodytae,
ib.; included a timid tribe, 561;
their country identified with Fezzan,

Gephyracans, 61.

Geraestus, 108.

Gergithes, inhabited Ilium, 228.
Germanii, 270.

Gerrhus, river, 146; probably the
Tastchenik, 148.

Getae, 127; their peculiar tenets, 132;
belief in the immortality of the soul,
ib.; their deity Zalmoxis, 133.
Ghur mountains, 244.
Gigonus, 118.

Giligammae, opposite the Libyan Pla-

tea, the first region of the silphium
plant, 545.

Gindanes, whose women wore an ancle
ring for every lover, 549.
Gizeh. See PYRAMIDS.
Glissas, 69.

Gobi, great desert of, 299.
Gonnus, pass of, 85, 87.
Gordium, 237.

Graces, hill of, 549.

Greece, European, general description

of, 27; face of the country, 28; He-
rodotus's account of Hellas, 29; fer-
tilized by rain, ib.; subject to storms
and earthquakes, ib.; lions, ib.;
Sillikyprion, 30; character of the
people, ib.; temples, ib.; markets,
ib.; trade, ib.; miscellaneous no-
tices, ib.; art of writing, 31; ob-
scurities in the history of the people,
ib.; Herodotus's account, ib.; Hel-
las anciently called Pelasgia, and peo-
pled by Pelasgians and other tribes,
ib.; character of the Pelasgians, 32;
mythical origin of the Hellenes, ib.;
Dorian wanderings, ib.; invasion of
the Peloponnesus by the Heracleids,
33; Achaeans unknown, ib.; Aeoli-
ans and Ionians considered as Pelas-
gians, ib.; in historical times inha-
bitants all called Hellenes, ib. See
PELOPONNESUS.

Griffins, gold-guarding, 189.

Gryncia, 217.

Gygaean lake, 230.

Gyges, his gifts at Delphi, 76.
Gymnopaediae, 53.

Gyndes, river, 282; its stream weak-
ened by the 180 canals of Cyrus, ib.
Gyzantes, who subsisted on honey and
monkeys, 555.

Hades, Aegyptian ideas concerning,
469, 470.

Haemus, Mount, 122.

Halfay, 517.

Haliacmon, river, 114, 120.

Halicarnassus, its history, 2; excluded
from the Triopian confederacy, 220,

223.

Halys, river, 200, 239.

Hamadan, 287.

Hebrews. See PALAESTINE.
Hebrus, river, 126, 128.

Hecataeus, 8; supposed that the river
Ocean occasioned the overflow of
the Nile, 358.

Hecatonnesi, or Hundred Islands, 106.
Heliopolis, city of, 376; temple of
Helios with two obelisks, dedicated
by Pheron, ib.

Helios, the Aegyptian temple of, at He-

liopolis, 376; identified with Ra, 455.
Hellas of Herodotus, its wide significa-
tion. See GREECE.

Helle, Sepulchre of, 128.

Hellenes, their mythical origin, 32;
general name for all Greeks in the
historic times, 33.

Hellenium at Naucratis, 377.
Hellespontines, 132, 235.
Helmund, river, 292.

Hephaestus, or Pthah, temple of, at
Memphis, 388; northern propylaea
built by Moeris, ib.; six colossal
statues erected before it by Sesos-
tris, ib.; western propylaea, and two
statues of Summer and Winter, erect-
ed by Rhampsinitus, 389; eastern
propylaea built by Asychis, ib.;
southern propylaea, and court for
Apis, constructed by Psammitichus,
ib.; colossus, 75 feet high, dedicated
by Amasis, ib.; stone statue of Se-
thon, with a mouse, ib.; account of
Hephaestus, 448.

Heptanomis. See AEGYPT (UPPER).
Hera temple, at Samos, 101.
Hera, the Aegyptian, 450, 460.
Heracleidae, their invasion of the Pelo-
ponnesus, 33.

Heracles, ancient temple of, at Tyre,
247.

Heracles, temple of, at Athens, 63.
Heracles, Pillars of, 174.
Heracles, foot-print of, in Scythia, 159.
Heracles, temple of, at Taricheia, 378.
Heracles, the Aegyptian, 455; his ora-

cle and temple, ib.; Greek story of
the attempt to sacrifice him to Zeus,
ib.
Heracles and the serpent maiden Echid-
na, Greek mythus concerning, 161.
Heraeopolis, 126.

Herdsmen, Aegyptian caste of, 485.
Hermeopolis, 434.

33; enter Attica, 60; migrate to
Asia Minor, ib.; their twelve cities
in Asia Minor, 217; united in the
Panionian confederacy, 218; mix-
ture of the Ionians with other races,
ib.; worship of the Heliconian Po-
seidon in the Panionium, 219; mis-
cellaneous notices, ib.; sculptures of
Sesostris found in Ionia, 233; iden-
tification of the monument between
Sardis and Smyrna by modern tra-
vellers, 234; its Aegyptian origin
doubted, ib.

Ionian theory concerning the Aegyptian
Delta, 354; settlement near Bubas-
tis, 373.

Ipni, 87.

Irak-Arabi, 251.

Iran, plateau of. See TAURUS.
Irasa, 540.

Is, town of, 263.

Isis, temple of, at Busiris, 374; at
Memphis, 390; confounded by He-
rodotus with Athor, 459; the greatest
Aegyptian goddess, 461, 468; repre-
sented like the Greek Io, ib.; her
temple and festival at Busiris, ib.;
sacrifices to her, 469; variously re-
presented on the monuments, and
often confounded with Athor and
other deities, 476; cows sacred to her,
506. See also OSIRIS.
Ismaris, Lake, 129.
Issedones, 188.

Ister, or Danube, bridged by Darius,
127; its five mouths and equal
stream, 144; five tributaries flowing
into it, ib.; difficulties in the theory
of Niebuhr and Ideler, ib.; identifi-
cation of the five tributaries, 145;
Herodotus's account of the Ister,
174; causes of its equal stream, ib.;
explanation of Herodotus's descrip-
tion, 175.
Istria, 132.

Italy, singular omission of Rome, 176;
Northern Italy occupied by the Om-
brici and Tyrseni, ib.; Southern Italy
occupied by Greek colonies, 177.

Itanus, 96.

Ithome, town of, 48.

Labyrinth, Herodotus's description,
424; erected by the twelve kings,
ib.; its cost, ib.; its twelve courts,
io; upper chambers visited by He-
rodotus, ib.; lower chambers, tombs
of the twelve kings and sacred cro-
codiles, ib.; recent discoveries by
the Prussian Expedition, 425; con-
firmation of Herodotus's statements,
ib.; doubt as to whether it really
included 3000 chambers, 426; the
pyramid probably the place of sepul-
ture, and the Labyrinth the royal
palace, ib.; pyramid at present
known as the Pyramid of Howara,
ib.; discovery of the name of Am-
menemes III., ib.; dimensions and
construction of the pyramid, 427.
Laemon, Mount, 88.
LACONICA, general description of, 48;
history, 49; Herodotus's account,
ib.; description of the Laconians,
50; rights and privileges of their
kings, ib.; manners and customs of
the people, 52; topography, 53.
Lade, island of, 105.
Lamponium, 227.
Lampsacus, 228.
Laodice, 98.
Laos, 178.
Larissa, 87, 216.
Lasonians, 235.

Laurium, silver mines of, 66.
Lebadeia, 69.
Lebaea, 121.

Lebedos, 233.

Lectos, Cape, 227.

Leleges, 220.

Lemnos, island of, 106.

Lepidotus, 510.

Leontini, 94.

Lepreum, town of, 46.

Lepsius, his discovery relative to pyra-

midal construction, 420.

Leros, island of, 101.

Lesbos, island of, 105.

Leto, temple and oracle of, at Buto,
376; identified with Buto, 450.
Leucas, island of, 91.
Leuce Acte, 132.