La:

skein, mun'dane, virago, octavo; verbatim, lapidation data, heinous, prey; sleigh, aye, flagrant, zany, inveigh ing, or'nate.

and

(as in fall, sometimes marked â; called broad the same in sound as broad o in ought, nor, form, &c.). Ball, all, fall, pall, balk, calk, waltz, sward, walk, normal, salt. Bawl, pause, sauce, caught, caustic, halt, broad, groat, aught, naught, false, auction. Thraldom, also, sausage, saurian, saucy, always, falcon (see ¶ 73), squall, squaw, paltry, water, august, swart, nauseate. Warm, balsam, caudle, scald, alder, alter, swarthy, lawyer, north, falchion, abroad, brought, thought, snort, forlorn, halter, Malt, awl, awful, wampum, author, caucus, plaudit, orb, bauble, cough, trough. (In the two last words, Walker gives to the ou the sound of short o in not. Webster's

pronunciation, which we have here followed, is more consistent with usage and the nature of the words.)

5 :-(as in be, called long, or alphabetical e, and marked thus, e). Me, e'en, routine, lief; brief, leaf, glebe, feet; mean, key, mien, grieve; seize, weasand, sphere, quay (see ¶ 48), pique, relief, torpedo, precept. Caesar, freeman, treaty, tea, bohea, negro, unique; either, people concede, demon, redeem, eagle, prescience, demesne. Crime'a, conceit, critique; colosseum, aure'ola; deify, decency, breviary; adhesion, theist, agis, receiver, premature; receipt, ennui (pronounced aunwe'), irremediable. Seizure, breve, antip'o-des, field; fiend, siege, ravine; fatigue, serial, extem'po-re, epit'o-me, serene, pier, dear caprice, senile, bary'tes, machine. Ambergris, antique, sys'tole, syn'cope; deceit, trustee, marine, phoenix; chimera, quarantine; verdigris, tamborine, vice-ge'rent.

-:

(as in met; called short e, and marked thus: ě). Pet, yes; helmet, velvet; sterile, merit, mesmeric; pellet, bed, yet, get, forget. Bread, deaf, helm, realm; preb'end, said, very, merry; says, feoff, friend. Pensive, etiquette, getting, kettle; bestial, engine, revery, spheric, fetid, special; preface, predatory, schedule, predecessor, presage. Pell-mell, ferule, breakfast, meadow, heifer; leopard, ready, many, any, represent. Heaven, guess, zealot, cleanse, again; against, accidental, errant, erring, peasant, pheasant, predicate, imminent, banishment, happiness.

(as in pan; called short i, and marked thus: % Long i, not being regarded as an elementary sound,

9 Ŏ:

will be found among the Compound Vowel Sounds) Bid, it, pit, hyp, wind, give; plinth, virulent, sieve Minim, myth, build; frigid, crypt, living; cygnet, visor styptic, synod, women. Vineyard, been, scrivener, hyssop, abyss; citron, chintz; livelong, vigil; witty breeches, chrysalis, pyramid, ritual, rhythm, pretty, busy, spirit, lyric. Ridicule, chagrin, privilege, situate, mira. cle; typify, typical; irrigate, tyranny, quilt, capricious. Litigious, spiracle, mirror, stirrup, chirrup, implicit, masculine, feminine; satiric, panegyric, juvenile, vivacity. Conduit, forfeit, curtain, marriage, biscuit; captain, mountain, fountain. (The Italicized letters in the last eight words have, according to Worcester, an obscure sound of i.)

(as in note; called long o, and marked thus: ō). No, woe, oral, bolster, dome; rogue, drove, host, most, strode toad; trow, jocose, both. Gross, clothe, roll; cloak, locomotive, folk; gold, loth, sloth. Show, strew, sew, stony, boll; beau, oats, goal, droll; foe, dough, glow, dotard. Mote, coat, soap; moat, woad, road; oval, cocoa, furlough, stone, votive. Snow, yeoman, bourne; gourd, soar, boat; throat, notion, soldier; coal, portly, force, molten. Prorogue, poultry, coulter, engross; moulder, hautboy, depose, whole, curioso, withhold. Revoke, encroach, brooch; towardly, toward, follow; fellow, trover, olio; billow, throe, though, soul. Bureau, antelope, froward; frowardly, o'nyx, poulterer; only, shrove, zodiac; knoll wholesale, window, coëval; rondeau, sonorous, glory o'asis, cameo, votary, bowsprit.

:- (as in not; called short o, and marked thus: . This sound is the same as the sound of a in was, which is the fourth elementary sound shortened). Not, bond, clod, wad; swath, coffee, was, wan; wallow, sorrow, trode yacht, chaps, swamp, quash. Goth, moth, froth; cost, frost, column, toss; vocative, topic, gloss, dross; sorrel hostile, jocund, fossil, monad, wasp. College, knowledge, hovel; torrid, solëcism, warrant, florid; monologue, sorry Quality, halibut, quantity; solve, swap, body, wander, wanton, swan, grovel, squalid, wand; quadrant, conch, mas'todon, tonic, polygon, forage, quarry, scallop.

10. u:(as in bull, called middle or obtuse u, and sometimes marked thus: û. This sound is the same as o in woman and short oo in good. Long u, being regarded as a

compouni vowel sound, will be found under that head) Pull, full, put; bulletin, puss, push, am'bush. Would coull, ruthless, should; wolf, wood, foot. Book, wool en, hook, look; pulley, bully, fuller. Pulpit, butcher, cushion; sugar (the s like sh), cuckoo, woman, wolsey. 11 00 (as in fool; the same sound as the o in move and the u in rude). Lose, woo, prove; who, do, tomb, two. Cool, rule, ooze, lampoon; loo, boom, rheum, boor, brute; fruit, ruby, routine, croup, group. Poor, bruit, true, room, groove; booty, bruise, uncouth; boon, shoe, luser proving, cooper. Moody, monsoon, moon; balloon, druid, pontoon, accoutre.EI Brutal, improve, behove; bruin, recruit, surtout, imbrue. Rural, brunette, canoe; truant, prudent, broom; souvenir (pronounced soovner); sou chong (pronounced sooshong'); cartouche (pronounced kartooth')

12. ŭ:—(as in but; called short u, and marked thus: u). Cub, rull, nothing, such; dove, brother, dost, doth Does, done, none, pulp; sloven, color, front, son, fun, tongue, some, honey, blood. Rough, flood, chough, joust; turret, shovel, young; touch, puppet, punish, mulet, thorough, study. Comfort, covert, combat; worry, compass, wonted, couplet. Pommel, burrow, murrain, money; onion, housewife, double, hurricane; cousin, southern, hurry. Above, among, enough, sough; fulminat, monk, colander, somerset, covetous, borough.

13. W

-

EXERCISE II.

TOWEL OR CONSONANT SOUNDS.

- (as in will. In one, once, the o stands for two sounds, namely, that of w, and of u short; for the words are pronounced wun, wunce). Swoon, way, waft, one; once, woo, wain, wine. Wood, woe, suite (pronounced swet); choir, quake, thwart. Wormwood, quorum; cuirass, (pronounced kwē-răs), weather, whether.

14. y: (as in yes). Indian, yawn, youth; yield, you. million; poniard, odious; yale, yolk, yerk. minior, filial; conciliate, rebellion, vermilion

CONSONANT SOUNDS.

Asia.

Pinion,

15. h:-(as in hot; an aspirate, or simple breathing. In a few words in the succeeding exercises, namely, those in

16. ng·

which the letter o follows wh, the sound generally denoted by h alone is expressed by the two letters wh, which will be known by both letters being in Italic, as in whole. if the w is not in Italic, it must have its proper sound, as in whale). Perhaps, hall, haunt, whole; whale, hostler, whoop, wheat, whim. Whig, hy dra, exhibit, wholly, whimper; so'hort, humble. inhibit, hartshorn. Inhale, wholesome, behest; vehement, annihilate, incomprehensible. (See ¶ 72).

(as in king; a nasal consonant sound. In the fol lowing exercises, let it be heard at the letter or letters in Italic, and at such only. Thus in the word anger, the n only being Italicized, shows that that single letter should have the sound of ng, as if the word were spelled ang-ger. But in singer, the italicizing of both the n and g denotes that both letters are embraced in the sound of ng, thus, sing-er). Gang, spring, length bank; sink, conch. Being, nothing; bringing, hanging. Robin, robbing; matin, matting; hanger, anger singer, finger; anguish, longer, younger, congress, con course. Anxious, anchor, banquet. Distinguish, ex tinguish, unthinking, languid, conquest.

17 m:-(a liquid nasal consonant sound, as in man). Blame, maim, limn, limner, gum; realm, charm, rhythm. Lamb, comb, calm; hymn, phlegm, drachm. Famine, moment, solemn, tempter. Empty, mammillary, mimic mammet, column, islamism.

18. n:

19. 1

Re

(a liquid nasal consonant sound, as in not. member, this sound embraces all the letters in Italic for instance, in often, three letters come under the sin. gle sound of n). Sun, nun, noon; poignant, poniard, noun, gnome, stolen. Fallen, swollen, barn; mourn, name, poignancy, gnarl. Deign, gnaw, kneel, knock, sign, linen, banner, foreign. Lessen, flaxen, basin, hasten, chasten, frozen. Cousin, reason, deafen; often, roughen, even; unanimous. Given, heathen, shapen oaken, wheaten, deaden; nonentity, pneumatics.

(a liquid consonant sound, as in let. Remember that all the Italicized letters in words in this paragraph must be sounded as if they were represented by alone for instance, in grovel, both the final letters come under the single sound of 7; in chapel, only one). Oil, live, all, owl, marl; lull, lily, earl, isle, leave, loins. Melon,

20 I

lively, flow, folly, lovely, solace; castle, axle, evi” grove, cripple. Able, tackle, title, needle; novel, par. cel, chapel, model, miracle, manacles.

(a liquid consonant sound, as in run. See rule, ¶ 77, in regard to the trilled and untrilled r. In the exercises of this paragraph, the Italicized letter or letters have the sound of trilled r). Pray, ray, raw, rheum rear, wrap, wry. Fry, bray, crape; rally, grape, tray; shrill, throw, remnant, shroud. Shriek, throng, raiment, rhubarb, wrestle; frenzy, trumpet, rural, around. Shrug, enrich; briery, flowery; contrary, library · memorandum, regulator, repetition, sudorific.

(In the exercises of this paragraph, the Italicized let ter or letters have the sound of r smooth or untrilled See rule, ¶ 77.) Bar, err, fir; rear, nor, cur; bare here, hire; core, universal, pure, hour. Terse, force marsh, scarf, swerve, carve, hearth; pearl, arm, learn curb. Garb, bark, cart, card, herd; pardon, mercy virtue, border, warder. Butter, mortgage, colonel order, commerce; defer, debar, abhor, affair. Appear expire; adore, demure.

བ

21

EXERCISE III.

COGNATE EI CONSONANT SOUNDS.'

:- – (aspirate, as in pan). Sharp, pipe, pert; apt, prim, prater. Rasp, pope, whelp; vamp, pippin, slipper,

By some orthoëpists, these coupled consonant sounds are distinguished by the name of breath and voice consonants, instead of aspirate and vocal The pupil may be taught to perceive how in the former the breath, and it the latter the voice, is the more exercised. The following list of words containing alternate aspirate and vocal consonant sounds, divided by periods, may serve as an appropriate exercise here:

Hiss, hath, sash, shot, cap, sack, foot, hushed, hatched, haft. Wall dwell, your, gang, muse, waves, zeal, dares, age, nerve. - Sapped, packs tax, speck, asp, sips, posts, cupped, packed, coughed. Bathe, lone, male, rare, globe, vague, blaze, ranged, mouthed, walled.

Hatchet, puppet, cassock, topic, pocket, tufty. Willow, rosy, languid, mazes, grandeur, rather. - Skeptic, cestus, chimney, attic, office, cossacks, coppice. Roman, lovely, moving, bible, jaunty, guardian, glowworm.

Excess, accost, except, access, expect. Beware, resume, believes, obliged, absolve. Assist, coquette, success, affect, suspect. Beneath, farewell, around, debar, imbue.

Epithet, execute, suscitato. pickpocket. Wooingly, idolize, lingering, otherwise. - Catechist, ecstasy, occiput, epitaph. Gradual, libeller, dialogues, eulogy.

Specific, exsiccate, ecstatic, auxesis. Remaining, delusion, aurelia, adorer. Acētous, apostate, pathetic, faectious. Decorum, erosion, de. meanor, vermilion