glæpavaran, stjórnsaman ok stiltan vel, geyminn at guðs lögum ok goðra manna, etc.

73. P. 553. Alliterative quotations.

Byron's objections to the octosyllabic verse have no better foundation than the alliteration in the phrase, “fatal facility,” and many a shallow critic has condemned fine poetry in this beautiful metre, upon the strength of that unlucky expression.

74. P. 558. Half-rhyme in Pulci.

There is a very similar instance in the hundredth and hundred and first stanzas of the sixth canto of the Malmantile Racquistato. The editor, Puccio Lamoni, (Paulo Minucci,) remarks on the word bisticcio in st. 101: "Ela figura che i Greci dicono Parechesi, ed è quando si dicono due parole che hanno lo stesso, o poco differente suono, e diverso significato," and he refers to a canzone of Guittone d'Arezzo, made up of "queste allusioni di parole," the conclusion of which is as follows:

Movi canzone adessa,

E vanne a Rezzo ad essa,
Da cui eo tegno ed o

Se n' alcun ben mi do,

E di, che presto so,
Se vuol, di tornar so.

Other examples are stated to occur in Bindo Bonichi, and Francesco da Barberino.

75. P. 578. Vagueness of terms of abuse.

Il m'appelle jacobin, révolutionnaire, plagiaire, voleur, empoisonneur, faussaire, pestiféré ou pestifère, enragé, imposteur, calomniateur, libelliste, homme horrible, ordurier, grimacier, chiffonnier, * * * Je vois ce qu'il veut dire; il entend que lui et moi sommes d'avis différent. Paul Louis Courier. Seconde Lettre Particulière.

76. P. 580, note.

In the Romaunt of

Special meaning of soon.

the Rose, v. 21-24, we find this passage:

Within my twentie yeare of age,
When that love taketh his corage
Of younge folke, I wente soone
To bed, as I was wont to doone.

Here soon evidently means early.

The following examples have been furnished me by a friend:
We'll have a posset for't soon at night.

In all these cases, soon has the same meaning as in that cited from Chaucer. 77. P. 584, note. Affirmative particle.

A curious form of yes occurs in Wycliffe, N. T., 2 Cor. i. 18: "Ther is not in it is and nay, but in it is is," [Gloss, that is, treuthe,] and verse 19: "Ther was not in him is and nay, but in hym is was," [Gloss, that is, stedefast treuthe.] In the later text, these passages read: "is and is not is not ther ynne, but is is in it ;" and, "ther was not in hym is and is not, but is was in hym." So in James, v. 12: "Forsothe be your word, Is, is, Nay, nay," &c. The Wycliffite translators, or at least Purvey, seem to have supposed that the affirmative particle was a form of the substantive verb.

78. P. 587. The conjunction or, equivocal.

In modern English, either, used as a conjunction, is always a disjunctive, and is only grammatically distinguished from one of the senses of or; but in some carly English writers, as, for example, in the Wycliffite school of translators, there are traces of a logical distinction between these particles. Either was very commonly employed to indicate difference, alternation, opposition, and or to mark identity of meaning. Thus, in both texts, Col. i. 20, “tho thingis that ben in erthis, ether that ben in heuenes." In the numerous glosses of the older, or Wycliffe's version of the New Testament, or is employed as the sign of identity, or of likeness, as in v. 21 of the chapter just cited, “aliened, or maad straunge" in v. 25, "mynistre, or seruaunt;" in v. 26, "the mysterie, or priuete." This distinction is not uniformly observed by Wycliffe, but still so generally as to show that he recognized it.

79. P. 637. Influence of words.

"Words are great powers in this world; not only telling what things are, but making them what else they would not be."

MARTINEAU'S Sermon, The Sphere of Man's Silence.

80. P. 651, note. Participial noun used passively.

Other examples of the use of the participial noun in a passive sense, are: "We have a wyndowe in, werchynge," Piers Ploughman, Vision, 1451; "Ther the man lith an helyng," Ibid., 11599; "Whils Veni Creator Spiritus is a singing," Rutland Papers, 13; "In great aduenture of takynge with the Sarazins," Froissart, I. 657; "In dout of betrayinge," Ibid., 734; "Whyle every thyng was a preparynge," Ibid., II. 746; “Whyle these wordes were in speakynge,” Sir T. More, Life of Edw. V., reprint of Hardyng, 507; "I went to their places where they make their anchors, and saw some making; also I saw great peeces of ordinance making," Coryat's Crudities, reprint, I. 282; "While these preliminary steps were taking," Robertson, Charles V., B. XII.; "The illustrations preparing for the third volume," Ruskin, Mod. P., vol. II., Advertisement; "The extent of ravage continually committing," Ibid., p. 5, note; but, "it is being swept away," Ibid., same page, text; "the palaces are being restored," "the marbles are being scraped," Ibid., p. 7, note.

81. P. 655. Active forms in passive sense in French and German.

Other examples of the use of active forms with a passive sense, in French and German, are the Fr. voyant, as applied to colors, in the signification of showy, conspicuous, "le texte n'est par encore fini d'imprimer," Lettre de Clavier à P. L. Courier, 3 Sept. 1809; Diese Stadt **** ist zu bauen angefangen. BERGHAUS, Was man von der Erde weiss, I. 876.

INDEX.

Accentuation as affected by inflection, 373;
change of in English, 528.
Accusative before infinitive, 349.
Adjective, English and Latin, 311, 327; com- Betterment, 309.
parison of, 136, 312, App. 17.
Affectation, universality of, 291.
Agglutination, what, 196.

Alliteration in poetry, 545; significance of,
551.

American accent, 674;

Articulation of different languages, 283, 374, Carving, nomenclature of, 591.