LESSON XCI.

EXPLANATORY EXPRESSIONS.

1. Mr. Hall, our new neighbor, was the first one to greet us.

2. Washington, the first President, was buried at Mount Vernon.

Name the subject and the predicate in the first sentence. What is the name of the man spoken of? Who was he?

Who was buried at Mount Vernon? Who was Washington?

What is the explanatory part in the first sentence? What in the second sentence? In each sentence what marks separate the explanatory part from the rest of the sentence?

An explanatory expression should be separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma or commas.

WRITTEN EXERCISE.

Copy the following sentences, inserting commas where they are needed:

I. Charles the eldest son has left home.

2. Mr. Curtis the speaker of the evening was delayed by an accident.

3. We heard Mr. Spurgeon the great London preacher.

4. Harry the son of the proprietor has charge of the house. 5. Daniel Webster the great American statesman died at Marshfield.

6. Washington the capital of the United States was named in honor of the first President.

7. San Francisco the largest city in California is noted for its fine harbor.

8. An address was given by the Rev. W. H. Church D.D.

LESSON XCII.

INTERMEDIATE EXPRESSIONS.

1. They, too, carried a flag.

2. The general, riding to the front, led the attack. 3. He has bought, I hear, a large tract of land.

Read the first statement.

What word is placed between the verb and its subject? How is this word separated from the rest of the sentence? What is the second statement about? What did the general do? What is the use of the phrase, riding to the front? How is it separated from the rest of the sentence?

What is the subject of the verb has bought? What is its object? What words are placed between the verb and its object? How are they separated from the rest of the sentence?

Words, phrases, or clauses placed between parts of a sentence closely related, should generally be separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.

WRITTEN EXERCISE.

Copy the following sentences, and insert commas where they are needed:

I. He will no doubt follow your advice.
2. I did him however a great injustice.

3. It is I think the third house from the corner.

4. "My dear Edward" said he "this is truly kind.”

5. The book having been read was returned to the library. 6. He was on the whole pleased with the work.

7. The boatman who knew the danger told the passengers to sit still.

8. This was in fact the only interesting feature of the exercises.

9. He has from first to last given us the benefit of his advice. 10. Perhaps too he has forgotten the circumstance.

LESSON XCIII.

TRANSPOSED EXPRESSIONS.

1. The building will be completed in a short time. 2. In a short time, the building will be completed. 3. The flower will fade if you pick it.

4. If you pick the flower, it will fade.

Where is it placed?

What is said about the building? Mention the verb in this sentence. What phrase modifies the verb will be completed? How does the second sentence differ from the first? separated from the rest of the sentence?

How is the phrase

Read the depend

Read the principal clause in the third sentence. ent clause. Upon what verb does the dependent clause depend? Where is it placed? Where is the dependent clause placed in the fourth sentence? How is it separated from the rest of the sentence?

When a phrase or a clause is placed out of its natural position, it is said to be transposed.

A transposed phrase or clause should generally be separated from the rest of the sentence by the comma; as, In the morning, sow thy seed.

NOTE. If the phrase is closely united with the sentence, the comma is not used; as, Beneath the window is a wooden bench.

WRITTEN EXERCISE.

Copy the following sentences, and place commas where they are needed:

1. Before we could reach the spot the gate was closed.

2. On entering the house he found everything in confusion. 3. In the middle of January he was summoned home.

4. If there were time to spare I should be glad to give you an account of our journey.

5. Without hesitating an instant he stepped forward.

6. If you take my advice you will turn back.

7. When everything was ready the doors were thrown open.

8. One cold winter night a knock came at the door.

9. As he entered the city he noticed the many changes that had taken place since his last visit.

10. In skating over thin ice safety lies in speed.

LESSON XCIV.

QUOTATION MARKS.

Harry," said Herbert Green, "when are you going to try your new skates?"

"To-morrow," replied Harry. "Will you go with me? "Yes; where shall we go?" said Herbert.

"If we could get an early start," said Harry, "we might go down to Turner's Pond."

"All right," said Herbert; "I'll be ready."

Whose remark is repeated in the first sentence of this conversation? What did Herbert Green say? Give his exact words. What three words divide Herbert's question into two parts? How is each part enclosed?

Read Harry's reply. Give his exact words.

Whose words are repeated in the third remark?

When the words of one person are repeated by another, they are called quotations. The little marks [""] that enclose the exact words used by another are called quotation marks,