secret of success in business, in art, in science, and in every pursuit in life. 3. I chatter over stony ways, In little sharps and trebles, I bubble into eddying bays, I babble on the pebbles. Point out all the nouns, and tell which are used as the objects of prepositions. X.-USED APPOSITIVELY. I. He went to his old resort, the village inn. 2. Spenser, the poet, lived in the time of Queen Elizabeth. 3. These gay idlers, the butterflies, Broke, to-day, from their winter shroud. What is the use of the italicized noun in the first sentence? In the second sentence? In the third? When one noun is added to another noun in this way, to describe the thing named, it is called an appositive, or is said to be in apposition with the first noun. Two nouns in apposition are in the same case. XI.-USED IN ADDRESS. 1. Watchman, tell us of the night. 2. Boatman, do not tarry. 3. O Father! I hear the sound of guns. 4. Thou hast all seasons for thine own, O Death! What noun is used in addressing a person in the first example? In the second? In the third? What is addressed in the last sentence? The noun that names the person or thing addressed is said to be in the nominative case of address or exclamation. XII. - USED ABSOLUTELY. I. The ship having sailed, we returned home. 2. Dinner being ready, the company sat down. Point out the participles, and tell what nouns are used with these participles. Nouns cut off from the remainder of the sentence and used this way with participles are said to be used absolutely, or to be in the nominative case absolute. Name the verbs in these sentences and give the subject of each. What is the office of the phrase, the ship having sailed? Of the phrase, dinner being ready? Which nouns are used absolutely? WRITTEN EXERCISES. I. Write sentences containing nouns used as indirect objects of the following verbs : — Use each of the following nouns as the object of a preposition : Write sentences containing the following words used in address or exclamation: What is a noun? State the difference between a proper noun and a common noun.. What is a collective noun ? Give an example of an abstract noun. What is meant by the singular and plural forms of nouns? How do most nouns form their plurals? Mention other ways in which nouns form their plurals, and illustrate by examples. Name three nouns that have the same form in both numbers. Give three nouns that have no singular. How is the plural of compound nouns formed? Give examples of nouns having different forms to distinguish the sex of the person or thing named. Give five nouns that may denote either males or females. What nouns are said to be in the neuter gender? Name three ways in which the gender of nouns is distinguished. How many cases have nouns? How can you determine the case of a noun? Which case requires a change of form in the noun? How is the possessive of nouns formed? How is the possessive of a compound noun formed? How may possession be indicated without the possessive form? When is this way preferable? II. Name the nouns in the following sentences, and tell 1. The kind of noun, and why it is so called. 2. The form, if other than the simple form is used. 3. The way in which it is used in the sentence. 1. Their cottage stood on a rising ground. 2. One of Washington's most invaluable characteristics was the faculty of bringing order out of confusion. 3. The commander-in-chief arose from his chair to greet them. 4. Samuel Adams, the distinguished patriot, died in 1803. 5. The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in ourselves, that we are underlings. 6. Stay yet, my friends, a moment stay. 7. Beware the pine-tree's withered branch! 8. Opportunities of doing good do not come back. 9. I come to bury Cæsar, not to praise him. 10. Veterans! you are the remnant of many a well-fought field. II. It was a summer of great hardship. 12. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? 13. It is easy finding reasons why other people should be patient. 14. The village was two days' journey from the sea. 15. Give thy thoughts no tongue. 16. Three vessels entered the harbor a few days later. 20. Give me liberty or give me death! LESSON IX. REVIEW OF PRONOUNS. I. PERSONAL PRONOUNS. (Review Lessons XLVI.-L.) Mention the pronouns in the following sentences, and tell what each denotes : I. I wrote to him. 3. She found the box. What is a personal pronoun? When is a pronoun said to be in the first person? When in the second person? When in the third person? Give sentences requiring the following forms of the different pronouns, and tell what each form stands for and how it is used in the sentence given : — |