LESSON XIV. THE INFINITIVE. (Review Lesson LXXX.) · Point out the forms of verbs below that merely name actions, like nouns, and tell how they are used in these sentences: 1. He likes to ride. 2. To see is to believe. 3. Form the habit of listening attentively. These forms of the verb are called infinitives. How is each of the infinitives above like a verb? How is each like a noun ? Nearly every verb has two infinitives. One is the simple form of the verb with or without to, and the other has the same form as the present participle. It is called the infinitive in ing. By the aid of the auxiliaries be and have, we obtain the following infinitive forms: V. TO EXPRESS PURPOSE, CONSEQUENCE, ETC. 1. They went to explore the cave. (With verb.) SIMPLE INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO. After bid, dare, let, make, hear, see, and some other verbs, the simple infinitive without to is often used; thus, Mention all the verbs in the following sentences, select the infinitives, and tell how each is used: I. To set something going is the most anybody can hope to do in this world. 2. And out again I curve and flow To join the brimming river. 3. The natives were ordered to keep away from the fort. 4. Remember that when the inheritance devolves upon you, you are not only to enjoy, but to improve. 5. Let us do right to all men. 6. You can hear his bellows blow. 7. Columbus went to find a new route to the East. 8. I hear the church-bells ring. 9. Nobody dared to laugh. 10. It is always safe to learn, even from our enemies seldom safe to instruct, even our friends. II. He had the happy knack of starting interesting subjects and saying all sorts of interesting things by the way. 12. Be careful not to interrupt another when he is speaking. 13. Do with all your might whatever you have to do, without thinking of the future. 14. There is in the character of every distinguished person something to admire and something to imitate. 15. Be swift to hear, slow to speak. WRITTEN EXERCISES. I. Write sentences, using the infinitives of the following verbs as the subjects or the objects of other verbs: Write sentences, using after each of the following words an infinitive to express purpose: LESSON XV. THE PARTICIPLE. (Review Lesson LVIII.) 1. Sitting down quietly, he watched the game. Which forms of the verb in the foregoing sentences assert? Which do not? What is the office of the latter forms? What are such forms of the verb called? A participle that denotes unfinished action is called a present participle; as, writing, hearing. A participle that denotes finished action is called a past or perfect participle; as, written, heard. Compound forms are made by combining different parts of the verb be or have with the simple participles; thus, ACTIVE. Writing, Having written, Having been writing. PASSIVE. Written, Being written, Having been written. Select the participles in the following sentences, tell from what verb each is derived, and show how it is used in the sentence given: 1. Sailing along the bay, we came to an inlet from the sea. 2. The ships, anchored in the harbor, were loaded with tea. 3. He was a frequent visitor, coming at all hours of the day. 4. Looking upward, he saw the round, bright, silvery moon. 5. A stream of water came dashing down the side of the mountain. 6. The city, though laid out with a beautiful regularity, was unpaved. 7. About seven o'clock the troops came in sight, advancing with quick step, their arms glittering in the morning sun. 8. Having finished our work, we returned to the hotel. 9. Peace being concluded, I turned my thoughts again to the affairs of the school. 10. The officers, being on horseback, were more easily distinguished. II. The general, having been wounded, was brought off with difficulty. 12. The door leading into the adjoining room was locked. WRITTEN EXERCISES. I. Write sentences containing present participles formed from the following verbs: — |