description of true wisdom and understanding, the apparent contradiction in Job's speeches, a treasure deeply hidden, and to be possessed only through the fear of God, and humble submission to Him.-This is the end which Job has in view in the present discourse. It is not necessary (with Brentius and others of the older expositors, also Schlottmann) to find in it a warning purpose, i. e., the purpose to set before the friends the end of those who judge unjustly, and who render unfriendly decisions, with a view of terrifying them-a purpose of which there is now here any indication, and for which there would seem to be no particular motive, seeing that the discussion has come to an end, and that any attempt to move the vanquished opponents by warnings would be cruelly and most injuriously at variance with the conciliatory mildness which this last discourse of Job's elsewhere breathes. [a. The attempts to relieve the difficulty connected with the passage before us by changing and transposing the text are arbitrary and unsatisfactory, producing abrupt connections, or rather breaks, and a confusion of thought and impression more serious than that which it is sought to remove. b. Especially does it betray a total want of appreciation of the author's skill in managing the plot and development of the drama to force in Zophar for a third speech. The logical and rhetorical exhaustion of the friends could not well be more effectively indicated than by the way in which the colloquy on their part tapers and dwindles-first in the short, and so far as ideas are concerned, poverty-stricken speech of Bildad, and finally in the complete dumbness of Zophar, perhaps of all three the most consummate master of words. c. The theory that Job is here going over the ground of the friends, and repeating their position, is disproved negatively by the absence of anything to indicate such a course, and positively by the straightforward earnestness and deep feeling which pervade the passage, as well as by what he says in the introductory verses 11, 12. d. Regarded as Job's own earnest affirmations the following considerations should be borne in mind. (1) As shown above by Zöckler, isolated statements have already proceeded in harmony with the representation given here. At the same time it cannot be denied that this is much the most extended and emphatic expression by Job of the view here set forth, and that it is in form much more nearly allied to the representations of the friends. But: (2) It is no part of the poet's plan to preserve Job's unalterable consistency. Job's experiences are most various, and his utterances change with them. They strike each various chord of sorrow, joy, doubt, confidence, despair, hope, fear, yearning, victory. Through all it is true there is an underlying unity and identity of character; but the variations exist, and are full of dramatic interest and importance, and yet more of sacred practical suggestiveness. (3) These inconsistencies still further prepare the way for a termination and solution of the controversy. As Umbreit has shown, "without the interchange of words would have been end- (5) There is, however, as suggested above by Zöckler, a still more conscious and controlling purpose in the following description. Job describes the certain destruction of the wicked, not mainly in the way of 'concession to the friends, but rather for his own vindication. The friends had portrayed such descriptions to show how much there are in the evil-doer's fate to remind of Job's calamities. Job takes up the theme to show how unlike his fate, with all its tragic lineaments, and the abandoned sinner's. He still holds fast to his righteousness, is heard by God, delights in God, is on terms of intimacy with God, is competent to instruct in behalf of God;-the wicked man has a very different portion with God! As ever therefore Job is not merely eloquent, but cogent; and when he accepts their conclusions, it is to overwhelm them yet more completely with their own arguments.-E.] First Strophes: vers. 11-13. Introduction to the following description. : Ver. 11. I will teach you concerning God's hand: i. e. concerning His doings, His mode of working. In regard to with verbs of teaching or instructing, comp. Ps. xxv. 8, 12; mind of the Almighty will I not conceal xxxii. 8; Prov. iv. 11 (Ew. _217, f).-The from you: lit. "what is with the Almighty, and counsels;" comp. ch. x. 13; xxiii. 10, etc. Ver. 13 announces the theme treated of in the passage following, in words which purposely convey a reminder of the language used by one of the opponents, Zophar, at the close of his discourse (ch. xx. 29). Second Strophe: vers. 14-18. The judgment, לְמוֹ-חֶרֶב .for the sword Ver. 14. If his children multiply (it is) sc. 127. In respect to in, found only in Job, comp. ch. xxix. 21; xxxviii. 40; xl. 4 (Ew. ¿ 221, b). the reading upon the family, possessions, and homestead of |nan, Rodwell, Merx]. The renderings based on the evil-doer. are not so good; as, e.g., "and yet nothing is taken away" (Schnurr., Umbreit, Stick. [Elzas, Wemyss: "but he shall take nothing away"];-"and he is not buried" (Ralbag, Rosenmüller, Schlottmann) [Noyes, E. V.: he shall not be gathered," and so Con., Ver. 15. The remnant of those who are his Lee, Scott, etc. Carey explains the familiar shall be buried by the pestilence.-T phrase, "to be gathered (to one's fathers, etc.)," "his escaped ones" (comp. chap. xx. 21, 26), are not of being buried in the grave, but of being rethe descendants still remaining to him, after that moved to the place of spirits. The objections to the sword and famine have already thinned their referring the clause to the rich man's burial, as ranks. This remainder the Pestilence will carry stated by Delitzsch, are, that the preceding off, that third destroying angel, in addition to strophe has already referred to his not being the sword and famine, mentioned also in Jer. buried, and that the relation of the two parts of xiv. 12; xv. 2; xviii. 21; 2 Sam. xxiv. 13; Lev. the verse in this interpretation is unsatisfactory]. xxvi. 25 seq. Here, as also in Jer. xv. 2, this is The same may be said of the reading simply designated "death" (p); and by the "and takes not with him" (Jerome, and some phrase, "in death (or by death) they are buried," MSS.). allusion is made to the quick succession of death (comp. chap. xxiv. 24).-This further description Openeth his eyes-and is gone! and burial, which is customary in such epidemics of the sudden end of the wicked relates to the (comp. Amos vi. 9 seq.). This bold and truly morning, the time of awakening, as the preceding poetic thought is destroyed if, with Böttcher, we clause refers to the evening hour of going to take to mean in momento mortis, or if, with Olshausen [Merx], we arbitrarily insert a before [Carey explains: "They shall be sepulchred by Death. This is literal, and a bold figure, by which is signified that they should have no other burial than such as Death should bed. Ver. 20. The multitude of terrors (i. e., the sudden terrors of death; comp. chap. xviii. 14; sudden overflow-comp. chap. xx. 28; Jer. xlvii. xx. 25) like the waters (like the torrents of a 2; Ps. xviii. 5 [4]) overtakes him (♪♪, 3d 18. give them on the open field, where they had Perf. sing. fem. referring to the plur. in fallen, either by sword or by famine." This, comp. chap. xiv. 19). On comp. chap. xxi. however, is somewhat too artificial and modern]. And his widows weep not-to wit, in fol- Ver. 21. Further descriptive expansion of the lowing the coffin, because by reason of the fright- figure of a tempest: The east wind lifteth ful raging of the disease, funeral solemnities are him up.-This wind being elsewhere frequently not observed. "His widows" may mean both described as particularly violent and descripthe principal wives and concubines of the head tive; comp. chap. i. 19; xv. 2; xxxviii. 24; Isa. of the family, and those of his deceased sons and grandsons; these latter even, in a certain sense, xxvii. 8; Ezek. xxvii. 26. Concerning ", ut belonging to him, the patriarch. Comp. the lite- pereat, comp. chap. xiv. 20; xix. 10. ral repetition of this member in Ps. lxxviii. 64, Ver. 22. The subj. of where the twofold possibility mentioned here is not recognized, because the ' there refers to the "people," Dy. can be only God, the secret Author of the whole judgment of wrath here described. Of Him it is said: He hurleth upon him without sparing-to wit, arrows; Ver. 16. If he heapeth up for himself sil- comp. chap. xvi. 13; and in regard to the obver as the dust, etc.-The same figures used jectless "to shoot," see Num. xxxv. 20. to designate material regarded as worthless on Before His hand must he flee-lit. "must he account of its great quantity in Zech. ix. 3. fleeing flee."-The Inf. Absol. expresses the Ver. 17. Apodosis to the preceding verse, ex-strenuousness and yet the futility of his various pressing the same thought as, e. g., Ps. xxxvii. attempts to flee (Del.: "before His hand he fleeth 29, 34; Eccles. ii. 16. hither and thither"). rejoicing at his calamity and mocking him; Ver. 23. They clap their hands at himcomp. chap. xxxiv. 37; Lam. ii. 15; Nah. iii. 19. Ver. 18. He hath built, like a moth, his house, and like a booth, which a watchman puts up (in a vineyard, or an orchard, Isa. i. 8). The point of comparison for both members is the laxity, frailty, destructibility of The plural suffixes in and are used such structures, which are intended to be broken poetically for the sing., as in chap. xx. 23; xxii. up soon. 2. "The accumulation of the terminations émo Third Strophe: Vers. 19-23. He lieth down and ômo gives a tone of thunder and a gloomy rich, and doeth it not again. So according impress to this conclusion of the description of to the reading ! (=7''), which already cur in the book of Psalms, where moral deprajudgment, as these terminations frequently octhe LXX. (kal ov rроovoε), Itala, and Pesh. vity is mourned and divine judgment threatened followed, which is favored by parallel passages, (e. g., in Psalms xvii.; xlix.; lviii.; lix.; lxxiii).” such as chap. xx. 9; xl. 5, and is accordingly DEL. They hiss him out of his place-so preferred by the leading modern commentators, that he must leave his dwelling-place (comp. such as Ewald, Hirzel, Delitzsch, Dillmann [Re- chap. viii. 18) in the midst of scorn and hissing (comp. Zeph. ii. 15; Jer. xlix. 17). Or "out more or less remote. Comp. above Introd. ? 7, of his home" (Hirz.), which rendering gives b; and see a fuller discussion of the subject in essentially the same meaning. Delitzsch ii. 86-89; to some extent also the mining experts who have commented on the following verses, such as v. Weltheim (in J. D. Mich., Orient. Bibl. 23, 7 seq.), and Rud. Nasse (Stud. u. Krit., 1863, p. 105 seq.) possess true wisdom, which can be acquired only through the fear of God, which cannot, like the treasures of this earth (the only object for which the wicked plan and toil), be dug out, exchanged or bought. The proposition introduced by accordingly assigns a reason first of all for that which forms the contents of ch. xxvii. 11-23 ("the prosperity of the ungodly cannot endure"), but secondarily and indirectly also that which is announced in ch. xxvii. 2-10 (Job is an upright man, and one who fears God, whose joy in God does not forsake him even in the midst of the deepest misery). ["The miserable end of the ungodly is confirmed by this, that the wisdom of man, which he has despised, consists in the fear of God; and Job thereby attains at the same time the special aim of his teaching, which is announced at ch. xxvii. 11 by - DAN 18; viz. he has at the same time proved that he who retains the fear of God in the midst of his sufferings, though those sufferings are an insoluble mystery, cannot be a 4. Third Section: First Strophe. Chap. xxviii. 1-11. The difficulty, indeed the absolute impossibility, of attaining true wisdom by human skill and endeavor, described by means of an illustration taken from mining, which gives man Ver. 1. For there is for the silver a vein access to all valuable treasures of a material [Germ. Fundort, place where it is found], and sort, but which can by no means put him in pos- a place for the gold, which they refine.— session of that spiritual good which comes from The connection between this section and the God. The question-whence the author had ac- preceding, which is indicated by the causal quired so accurate a knowledge of mining as he here "for," is this: The phenomenon described in displays, seeing that the land of the Israelites was ch. xxvii. 11-23, that the wicked-with whom, comparatively poor in mineral treasures (comp. according to vers. 2-10 Job is not to be classed KEIL, Bibl. Archäol., p. 35 seq., 38)? may be an-meet with a terrible end without deliverance, swered, on the basis of Biblical and extra-Bibli- is to be explained by the fact that they do not cal sources of information, as follows: (1) The Jews in Palestine could not have been absolutely strangers to the business of mining, seeing that in Deut. viii. 9 there is expressly promised to them "a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass." (2) Both Lebanon in the north, and the Idumean mountains in the south-east of Palestine proper, had copper mines, the particular location of these being at Phunon, or Phaino, Num. xxxiii. 42 seq., in the working of which it is certain that the Jews were occasionally interested; comp. Volney's Travels; Ritter, Erdkunde XVII. 1063; Gesenius, Thes. p. 1095; v. Rougemont, Bronzezeit, p. 87. (3) The Israelites possessed iron pits, possibly in South Lebanon, where in modern times such may still be found, together with smelting furnaces (Russegger, Reise I. 779, 778 seq.), but certainly in the country east of the Jordan, where, according to the testimony of Josephus, de B. Jud. IV. 8, 2, there was an "iron mountain” (σɩdnpovv čpoc) north of Moabitis, the "Cross Mountain," El Mirad of to-day, between the gorges of the Wadi Zerka and Wadi Arabun, west of Gerash; a mountain district in . . . . . And if we ponder the fact that Job which in our own century iron mines have been worked here and there (v. Rougemont, l. c.; Wetzstein in Delitzsch, II. 90-91). (4) Jerome testifies to the existence of ancient gold mines in Idumea (Opp. ed. Vall. III. 183). (5) The Israelites might also come occasionally into connection with the copper and iron mines of the Sinai-peninsula, in the development of which the Egyptian Pharaohs were conspicuously energetic (comp. Aristeas v. Haverkamp, p. 114; Lepsius, Briefe, p. 335 seq.; Ritter, Erdkunde XIV. 784 seq; v. Rougemont, l. c.* (6) What has been said above by no means excludes the possibility that in this description the poet in many particulars took for his basis traditional reports concerning the mines of distant lands, e. g. concerning the gold mines of Upper Egypt and Nubia (Diodorus iii. 11 seq.), concerning the gold and silver mines of the Phenicians in Spain (1 Macc. viii. 8; Plin. iii. 4; Diod. v. 35 seq.), concerning the emerald quarries of the Egyptians at Berenice, and other deposits of precious stones, has depicted the ungodly as a covetous rich man who is snatched away by sudden death from his immense possession of silver and other costly treasures, we see that ch. xxviii. confirms the preceding picture of punitive judgment in the following manner: silver and other precious metals come out of the earth, but wisdom, whose value exceeds all these earthly treasures, is to be found nowhere within the province of the creature; God alone possesses it, and from God alone it comes; and so far as man can and is to attain to it, it consists in the fear of the Lord and the forsaking of evil." Delitzsch.] The first verses of the chapter indeed down to the 11th, present nothing whatever as yet of that which serves directly to establish those antecedent propositions, they simply prepare the way for the demonstration proper, by describing the achievements of art and labor in the accumulation by men of their treasures, by means of which nevertheless wisdom can not be found. Hence may appropriately be rendered "for truly" (the "but" in ver. 12 corresponding to The name Mafkat, "Land of Copper," which the the "truly"). This connection between ch. Egyptians gave to the Sinaitic peninsula on account of those mines, is of late explained by Brugsch to mean "Land of xxviii. and xxvii. is erroneously exhibited, when Turquois," it being assumed by him that turquois was the any subordinate proposition of ch. xxvii. is principal product of the ancient Egyptian mines in that re-regarded as that which is to be established (as e. g, according to Hirzel, the question in ver. gion. Comp. H. Brugsch, Wanderung nach den Türkisminen der Sinai Halbinsel, 1868, 2d Ed., p. 66 seq. 12: "why are ye so altogether vain? why do the stones of darkness and of death-shade, ye adhere to so perverse a delusion?" or accord-i. e. the stones under the earth, hidden in deep ing to Schlottmann the purpose to warn against darkness. the sin of making unfriendly charges, which he indefinite subj. of D, who is continued through thinks is to be read between the lines in the refers back to the חוֹקֵר before הוא ver. 4, and again in vers. 9-11. shaft sinks ever further from the hut in which description vers. 11-23). These false conceptions of the connection, alike with the total Ver. 4. He breaketh [openeth, cutteth abandonment of all connection, which has led through] a shaft away from those who many critics to resort to arbitrary attempts to sojourn (above). n, elsewhere river, valassign to ch. xxviii. another position (e. g. ac- ley [river-bed] (Wadi), is here-as is already cording to Pareau after ch. xxvi.; according to made probable by the verb 2, pointing to a Stuhlmann after ch. xxv.), or to question alto- violent breaking through (comp. ch. xvi. 14), gether its genuineness (Knobel, Bernsteincomp. Introd. 89, 1)-all these one-sided con- member of the verse-a mining passage in the and as is made still more apparent by the third ceptions rest, for the most part, on the assumption that it is the divine wisdom, which rules the earth, and that moreover a perpendicular shaft rather than a sloping gallery. universe, whose unsearchableness is described -Dyn, lit. in our chapter, and not rather wisdom regarded "away from one tarrying, a dweller," i. e. as a human possession, as a moral and intellectual removed from the human habitations found blessing bestowed by God on men, connected above, removing from them ever further and with genuine fear of God. Comp. Doctrinal deeper into the bowels of the earth. [Schlottand Ethical Remarks, No. 1. [E. V.'s rendering mann understands by the miner himself of by "surely" overlooks the connection, dwelling as a stranger in his loneliness; i. e. his and was probably prompted by the difficulty he dwells above. The use of is doubtless a attending it].y, lit. "outlet" (comp. 1 little singular, and Schlottmann's explanation Kings x. 28), the place where anything may be may be accepted so far as it may serve to acfound, synonymous with the following Dipp. count for it by the suggestion that those who do live in the vicinity of mines are naturally D' The word p is a relative clause: gold, which sojourners, living there to ply their trade and they refine, or wash out. In regard to ppi, lit. shifting about as new mines or veins are dis"to filter, to strain," as a technical term for covered.-E.]-Who are forgotten of every purifying the precious metals from the stone-step, lit. "of a foot" (7-3), i. e. of the foot alloy which is mixed with them, comp. Mal. iii. 3; Ps. xii. 7 [6]; 1 Chron. xxviii. 18. Comp. the earth [hence "totally vanished from the or step of one travelling above on the surface of the passage relative to the gold mines of Upper remembrance of those who pass by above"], not Egypt, describing this process of crushing fine the foot of the man himself that is spoken of, as the gold-quartz, and of washing it out, this pro- though his descent by a rope in the depths of cess accordingly of "gold-washing,' as prac- the shaft were here described (V. Leonhardt in tised by the ancients, in Diodor. iii. 11 seq., as Umbr. and Hirzel). [On this use of ? after well as the explanations in Klemm's Allgem. Kulturgesch. V. 503 seq., and in M. Uhlemann,, comp. Deut. xxxi. 21; Ps. xxxi. 13; Egypt. Alterthumskunde, II. 148 seq. "forgotten out of the mind, out of the heart"]. Ver. 2. Iron is brought up out of the Moreover D' are identical, according to ground.- here of the interior or deep the accents, with the indef. subj. of (the ground, not of the surface as in ch. xxxix. 14; interchange between sing. and plur. acc. to Ew. xli. 25 [33], and stone is smelted into cop-8 319, a); hence the meaning is: those who per.- here not as in ch. xli. 15 Partic. work deep down in the shafts of the mines. Pual of pr', but as in ch. xxix. 6 Imperf. of They are again referred to in the finite verbs in Pay-pr (the 3d pers. sing. masc. expressing C, which continue the participial construction: the indefinite subj.). [Gesenius not so well they hang far away from men, and swing. makes the verb transitive: "and stone pours from 4 (related to i) deorsum pendere, out brass."] according to the accents, accompanies D Ver. 3. He has put an end [D still the (meaning the same with Dy), not y, as indefinite subj., but as the description becomes more individual and concrete, it is better with Hahn and Schlottm. think. The adventurous E. V. to use from this point on the personal swinging of those engaged in digging the ore pron. "he"] to the darkness, viz. by the out of the steep sides of the shafts, hanging miner's lamp; and in every direction (lit. down by a rope, is in these few, simple words all directions") [not as E. V. "all perfection," "to each remotest point, to every extremity, in beautifully and clearly portrayed. It is the which is too general, missing the idiomatic use of the phrase; nor adverbially: "to the utmost," or "most closely:"”—“non might be used 21: is qui cædit, funibus pendet, ut procul intuenti situation described by Pliny (H. N. xxxiii. 4, species ne ferarum quidem, sed alitum fiat. Pendentes majori ex parte librant et lineas itineri præducunt, etc. [The above rendering, adopted by all modern exegetes, gives a meaning so appropriate to the language and connection, and withal so beautiful, vivid and graphic that it seems strange that all the ancient and most of the -is to be ex לכל תכלית thus adverbially, but plained according to -, Ezek. v. 10, to all the winds.'" Delitzsch] - he searcheth modern versions of Scripture, including E. V., | begun in ver. 7 of the inaccessibleness of the should have so completely darkened the mean- subterranean passage-ways. The proud beasts ing. The source of the difficulty lay doubtless in which being taken in its customary meaning of "river, flood," threw everything into confusion. Add to this a probable want of familiarity with mining operations on the part of the early translators, and the result will not seem so surprising.-E.] of prey (lit. "sons of pride;" so also in ch. xli. finely illustrative phrase ["sons of pride"] 26 [34]) have not trodden it.-That this refers to the haughty, majestically stepping beasts of prey ["seeking the most secret retreat, and shunning no danger," Del.], appears clearly enough from the parallel use of Я in b (comp. ch. iv. 10). Ver. 5 states what the miners are doing in the depths.-The earth-out of it cometh Ver. 9. On the flint (the hardest of all forth the bread corn (D as in Ps. civ. 14), stones) he lays his hand (the subject being but under it it is overturned like fire: i. e. man, as the overturner of mountains; see b, and as fire incessantly destroys, and turns what is respecting the use there of v, radicitus, uppermost lowermost. ["Man's restless search, "from the root," comp. above ch. xiii. 27; xix. which rummages everything through, is com: 28. ["nh something like our “to take pared to the unrestrainable ravaging fire." Del.] Instead of Jerome reads "is determination and courage, which here consists in hand," of an undertaking requiring strong overturned with fire," which some moderns prefer (Hirz., Schlott.), who find a reference here to the blasting of the miners. But this is too remote. ["The principal thought is the process of breaking through; the means are not so much regarded; and fire was not the only means." Dillmann. Some commentators have fancied in Ver. 10. Through the rocks he cutteth this verse a trace of what modern criticism calls "sentimentalism," as though Job were protestpassages.—D`, an Egyptian word, which ing against ruthlessly ravaging as with fire the signifies literally water-canals, must here, like interior of that generous earth which on its sur- in ver. 4, signify subterranean passages or face yields bread for the support of man. Job pits for mining. And further, according to b, is, however, fixing his attention solely on the what is intended are galleries, horizontal excaagent-man, who not satisfied with what grows vations, in which the ore is dug out, and preout of the earth, digs for treasure into its deep-cious stones discovered. The word can scarcely est recesses.-E.] Ver. 6. The place of the sapphire (Dip as in ver. 1 a, the place where it may be found) are its stones, viz. the earth's, ver. 5; in the midst of its stones is found the sapphire, which is mentioned here as a specimen of precious stones of the highest value.-And nuggets of gold (or "gold ore," hardly "gold-dust" as Hirzel thinks) become his, viz. the miner's (so Schult., Rosenm., Ewald, Dillmann). Or: "nuggets of gold belong to it," the place (DIP) where the sapphire is found (Hahn, Schlottm., Delitzsch). The reader may take his choice between these two relations of 12; the brevity of the expression makes it impossible to decide with certainty. Ver. 7. The path (thither) no bird of prey hath known [and the vulture's eye hath not gazed upon it]. ' is a prefixed nom. absol. like in ver. 5. It may indeed also be taken as in opposition to Dip in ver. 6 עַפְרוֹת זָהָב hardly to) in blasting, etc. Del.] How the hand is laid on flint and similar hard stones is described by Pliny . c.: Occursant silices; hos igne et aceto rumpunt, sæpius vero, quoniam id cuniculos fumo et vapore strangulat, cædunt fractariis CL. libras habentibus, etc. be used of wet conduits, or canals to carry off the water accumulating in the pits, of which Job does not begin to speak until the following verse (against v. Weltheim, etc.). [The rendering "rivers" (E. V., Con., Car., Rod., etc.) would be still more misleading, because more vague, than "canals," which is not without plausible arguments in its favor. Add however to Zöckler's arguments in favor of the rendering "passages, galleries," the sequence in the second member: And his eye sees every precious thing; which, as Delitzsch says, "is consistently connected with what precedes, since (veins), and any precious stones that may also by cutting these cuniculi the courses of the ore be embedded there, are laid bare."-E.] up passage-ways. —, lit. "away from Ver. 11. That they may not drip he stops dripping" [weeping], or: "against the dripwater in the excavations, to which the shafts ping," i. e. against the oozing through of the and galleries, especially when old, were so easily as Ewald thinks), in liable. van, as elsewhere van, to stop or dam which case the rendering would be: "the path, up, to bind up surgically (comp. win, the surwhich no bird of prey hath known," etc. (Del.). But that "the place of the sapphire" should be geon, or wound-healer in Is. iii. 7; i. 6). immediately afterwards spoken of as a "path," looks somewhat doubtful. Concerning comp. on ch. xx. 9.-[The rendering of E. V.: "There is a path which no fowl knoweth," etc., is vague and incorrect in so far as it leads the mind away from the deposits of treasure, which are the principal theme of the passage.-E.] -T: Ver. 8 carries out yet further the description seems in general to mean the same as above, and over. 10, to wit, excavations, shafts, pits, galleries. Nevertheless it may also denote "the seams of water" breaking through the walls of these excavations, thus directly denoting that which must be stopped up (Del.).—And so (through all these efforts and skilful contrivances) he brings to the |