O`sweet Mary! how musically, how melodiously, doth she sound! This bell then rung the knell for that time, to the truth in Oxford; thenceforward filled with protestant tears and popish triumphs."

Shortly after, Mr. Jewel, for refusing to be present at the celebration of mass, was driven from his college (of Corpus Christi), and forced to quit his fellowship. For a while he lay hid at Broadgates hall (now Pembroke college); where his friends and scholars privately repaired to him; and in the learned and religious knowledge which he communicated to them, they received more than compensation for the dangerous risk they ran in venturing to visit him. Among his pupils, was a Mr. Edward Year, an ingenious person, and zealously attached to the gospel. This gentleman wrote two poems, one in Latin, and the other in English, ridiculing the superstitions of papal worship, and prophesying the return of the reformation. These verses coming into the hands of Mr. Welsh, who was at that time censor of Corpus Christi college, so provoked him, that he punished the author, by literally whipping him with great severity; giving him a lash for each verse, amounting to about eighty in the whole. The poet (a sample of whose performance is preserved in Fuller's Church History), probably thought himself well off to escape with a flogging, instead of being roasted alive.

Mr. Jewel had not been long in his concealment, when he was discovered by some popish spies; which was followed by an event, that was matter of subsequent humiliation to him as long as he lived. The apostle Peter, and the excellent archbishop Cranmer, though they loved Christ with deep and undissembled affection, yet were unhappily induced to deny him, in a day of trouble and of rebuke and blasphemy. Take the account of our author's temporary defection, in the words of the valuable historian last quoted. "Being by the violence of popish in

quisitors, assaulted on a sudden, to subscribe [to some errors of their church], he * took a pen in his hand, and said, smiling, have you a mind to see how well I can write? and thereupon under-writ their opinions. Thus the most orient jewel on earth hath some flaws therein. To conceal this his fault, had been partiality; to excuse it, flattery; to defend it, impiety; to insult over him, cruelty; to pity him, charity; to admire God in permitting him, true devotion; to be wary of ourselves on the like occasion, Christian discretion.

"Such as go out, when God openeth them a door to escape, do peaceably depart. But such as break out at the window, either stick in the passage, or bruise themselves by falling down on the outside. Jewel may be an instance hereof; whose cowardly compliance made his foes no fewer without him, and one the more (a guilty conscience) within him. The papists neither loved, nor honoured, nor trusted him, any whit the more for this his subscription; which they conceived not cordial, but forced from him by his fear. Yea, thereby he gained not any degree of more safety; and his life being way-laid for, with great difficulty he got over into Germany.'

For Dr. Martial, dean of Christ Church, not deeming his subscription sufficiently sincere and ex

* Dr. Humphry imputes his [i. e. Jewel's] wavering, to the specious promises made by queen Mary, that she would force no man's conscience, and intended to make no change in religion. It is added, that if he could have consulted his old tutor, Dr. Parkhurst, he would not have been guilty of so great a weakness. He took a journey on foot to Cleve, (of which Dr. Parkhurst was rector), for that purpose; but the doctor, on the re-establishment of popery had fled to London. Mr. Jewel, being thus disappointed, returned to Oxford; where he lingered, until certain inquisitors laid hold on him by surprise, and pressed him, with threats to subscribe. But he soon became sensible of his apostasy, and took the first opportunity to escape. Biogr. Britann.

+ Martial was one of those supple divines, who shape their principles and conduct according to the complexion of the times. Like

VOL. IV.

D

plicit, was plotting how to deliver him into the bloody hands of bishop Bonner; but he escaped on foot, and through bye-ways to London. The news of his flight was soon spread, and proper persons were dispatched to intercept him. But as God's providence would have it, Mr. Jewel (accidentally as an Arminian would call it) missed his way, and so eluded the keenness of his vigilant pursuers. Thus, says a pious historian, "by going out of the way, he found the safest way;" and certain it is, that the wrong way proved the right.

While travelling on foot in a snowy winter's night, he grew quite spent and scarce able to breathe, much less to pursue his walk. In this situation, he threw himself despairingly on the earth, expecting and choosing death rather than life. He was found, however, by one Augustin Bernher, a Switz; who had formerly been a servant of bishop Latimer's, but was afterwards admitted into holy orders. This worthy person, like another good Samaritan, lifted Mr. Jewel from the ground; and seating him on a horse, conducted him to lady Anne Warcop's, by whom he was kindly entertained, and then safely conveyed to London. Here concealing himself, first in Thames-street, and afterwards elsewhere, for fear of being discovered; sir Nicholas Throgmorton, a man of great distinction at that time, furnished him with money, and secured his passage in a ship bound for the continent. His direct escape was managed by Mr. Giles Laurence, tutor to sir Arthur Darcie's children, living near the Tower of London. He had been Jewel's fellow collegian at Oxford, and Greek professor.—

the celebrated vicar of Bray (who flourished at the same period), he renounced popery under king Edward; re-embraced it with flaming zeal under queen Mary; and quitted it again under Elizabeth.

Omnis Aristippum decuit color, et status, et res.

* Clark's Lives, p. 328.

Afterwards, in 1564, Mr. Jewel (then a bishop) made him archdeacon of Wiltshire.

Arriving at Frankford, A. D. 1554, and the second of Mary's reign, our refugee had the happiness to board in the same house with Dr. Edwin Sandys, who had likewise fled from England on a religious account; and who in the better days of Elizabeth, became the exemplary archbishop of York. By his advice, and that of two other intimate friends (Mr. Chambers and Mr. Sampson), he made a solemn and affecting recantation of his subscription, in a full congregation of English protestants, on a Sunday morning, after having preached a most tender penitential sermon. It was, said he, my abject and cowardly mind, and faint heart, that made my weak hand commit this wickedness. He bitterly bewailed his fall; and, with sighs and tears supplicated forgiveness, of the God whose truth he had denied, and of the church of Christ whom he had so grievously offended. If the eyes of the preacher were wet, those of his auditory were not dry; and from thenceforward, "all embraced him as a brother in Christ; yea, as an angel of God. Whoever seriously considers," adds Dr. Fuller, "the high parts of Mr. Jewel, will conclude, that his fall was necessary for his humiliation."

After some stay at Frankford, he was invited to Strasburgh, by his old friend Peter Martyr; who

* When Mary came to the crown, and the tide was turning fast for the re-introduction of popery, it was high time for Peter Martyr, seasonably to provide for his own security. This great divine was by birth, a foreigner; and had been invited hither by king Edward, who fixed him at Oxford, where he sat as divinity professor, until the death of that good prince. He had therefore, the warrant of public faith, and the law of nations for his safety. Seeing how matters were like to go under the mischievous government of the bloody female, he solicited for leave to return to his own country; and it was granted him. And well it was that he had protection of proof: otherwise, such was the enmity of the papists, and so sharp set were the teeth of some persecuting bishops against him; that

being both wealthy and hospitable, had instituted a kind of college, for learned and religious men, more especially for protestant refugees in his own house. He entertained them with a friendship and liberality truly noble; and politely made our Jewel the subpresident of his numerous guests; all of whom he continued to shelter and support, until milder times, or more advantageous settlements elsewhere, made it their interest or inclination to remove.

"It is no less pleasant to consider, than admirable to conceive, how the exiles subsisted so long, and so far from their native country in so comfortable a condition. Especially, seeing Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, solemnly vowed, so to stop the sending of all supplies to them, that for very hunger, they should eat their own nails, and then feed on their fingers' ends. But threatened folks live long and before these banished men were brought to that short bill of fare, the bishop was eaten up of worms himself."

During the remainder of Mary's evil reign, Mr. Jewel, and the other English protestants, who had taken refuge in Germany, subsisted on the whole very comfortably beyond sea. It is pleasing to trace the various methods by which God's kind providence supplied the wants of all those excellent men, who had quitted their native land for the sake of Christ and his gospel.

1. Many of them were clergymen, and had been richly beneficed in the foregoing reign of king Ed

they would have made Dr. Martyr brook his own name, and have sacrificed his life to their fury.-Fuller.

It is a debt of justice due to the memory of bishop Gardiner, to acknowledge, that bad as he was, providence made him the principal instrument of procuring Peter Martyr the requested passport from England. The bishop revered him for his immense learning, and for the shining virtues of his life; and therefore exerted his influence with the new government, to obtain him the favour (and it was a great favour indeed, as times then went) of a safe-conduct to Germany.

*Fuller.

+ See Fuller's Church History, book viii.