their owners by the produce of their fine slate quarries; here is likewise a small proportion of copper ore. Low Furness is of a tamer character, containing a tract of level land, uncommonly fertile, and in many parts well wooded, and famous for its iron mines, producing the rich ore called lapis hæmatites, of an unctuous quality, and in masses of kidney shaped form. The island of Walney and its adjacent islets form a part of Low Furness, but the ancient glory of the district was its celebrated abbey, situated about a mile and a half south from Dalton, and whose extensive remains yet allure and delight the lovers of the picturesque, and the inquisitive antiquary. The abbey was founded in 1127 by Stephen, earl of Boulogne, afterwards king; but the larger part of the present ruins do not appear from their pointed style of architecture to be older than the reign of Henry III.; some round headed arches, however, in the south-western offices, are probably a part of the original building, and are in a state of surprising preservation. The extreme seclusion in which this monastery is placed gives an idea of the most perfect retirement from the world that can possibly be imagined; it is shaded by noble trees of sycamore, oak, and beech, and a small stream trickles near, inviting either to contemplation or slumber. The ruins are still very extensive, consisting of the remains of the various offices and the church; through the great eastern window is seen a perspective, 287 feet in length, terminated by the belfry, which is now a ponderous heap of ruins; some ancient monuments and altars are scattered about this space, out the greatest extent of the various buildings is from north to south, as adjoining the church is the chapter house, an extensive and lofty building, which some years ago exhibited a roof of beautiful fret work; beyond this was the refectory, with several other offices, extending in a long line, and terminated by the school house; the roof and some of the staircases of this structure are yet in tolerable preservation. The material of the fabric is a pale red freestone, dug from the neighbouring rocks; and every part is rendered picturesque by a variety of plants springing from the crevices of the ruins. The immediate precincts of the abbey were surrounded by a stone wall, beyond which was au enclosure of sixty-five acres, called the deer park. The original monks were a filiation from the monastery of Savigny in Normandy of the Benedictine order. They were first seated in England at Tulketh, near Preston; at the expiration of three years they removed to this place, then called Beckansgill or the Vale of Nightshade, in 1127. In a short time they embraced the severe discipline and rules of St. Bernard, changed their dress from gray to white, and became Cistercians. The power of the abbot was enormous; he was lord paramount of the whole district of Furness, had the patronage of all the churches save one, had free warren over the whole lordship, and was owner and occupant of almost all the low country. The revenues of the abbey were £805. 16s. 5d. At the dissolution, Pyle, the last abbot, surrendered with twenty-nine monks to Henry VIII., 1537. This event was beheld by the inhabitants of the district with despondency and dejection, and was followed by depopulation and decay. Agriculture declined, and, though its place was partly supplied by pasturage, it was not till times comparatively modern that the fertile fields of Furness again waved with luxuriant harvests. FYLDE, THE, the western half of the hundred of Amounderness, lying near the GALLA BARROW, a hamlet in the township and parish of Hawkshead, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the sands, 1 mile N. from Hawkshead. Here is a charity house erected in 1717, by the will of the Rev. Thomas Sandys, curate of St. Martin in the Fields, London, for the maintenance of as many poor boys as the interest of his donation (£800) would admit; these children must be natives of Hawkshead, and they are directed to be educated at the Free Grammar School there. GALLGATE, a hamlet in the township of Ellel, parish of Cockerham, hundred of Leyland, 4 miles S. from Lancaster. GAMBLESIDE, a hamlet in the township of Goldshaw Booth, parish of Whalley, hundred of Blackburn, 4 miles N. E. from Haslingden. GANNOW, a hamlet in the township of Habergham Eaves, in the parish of Whalley, hundred of Blackburn, 1 mile W. from Burnley. GARGREAVE, a hamlet in the township of Low Quarter, parish of Kirkby Ireleth, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the sands, 4 miles W. N. W. from Ulverstone GARRAT HALL. See Manchester. GARRATT HALL. See Tyldesley. GARSTANG, a market town, parish, and township in the hundred of Amounderness, 11 miles S. from Lancaster, 228 from London. Inhabitants 936. A vicarage in the archdeaconry of Richmond, value £14. 3s. 4d. Patron Rev. John Pedder. Market Thursday. Fairs Holy Thursday for cattle and pedlary, July 9th for cattle, cloth, wool, and pedlary, November 21st for cattle, horses, cloth, onions, and pedlary. From a charter of Charles II. the town is governed by a bailiff and seven capital burgesses, who have the power of G trying misdemeanours committed in the liberty. Garstang is supposed to derive its name from one of its ancient Saxon proprietors. It is an irregularly built town, situated on the east banks of the Wyre, which abounds with trout, chub, gudgeon, and smelts. The Lancaster Canal in its progress crosses the river near this place, and it has conferred considerable benefit on the trade of the neighbourhood. The river was so swollen by incessant rains, in the year 1746, that it overflowed the church yard and damaged the church, which is an ancient and spacious edifice: south of the nave is a chantry built in the year 1522. What is remarkable this church is situated a mile and a half distant from the town, in the township of Kirkland, at a place called Garstang Church Town, which makes it probable that, subsequent to its erection, the market town arose on the line of road between Lancaster and Preston. In the town are a chapel of ease, two or three places of worship for dissenters, various schools, and a town hall. Here also is a manufactory for hats; and scattered through the parish are some establishments in the linen and cotton branches. The country about Garstang is fertile and pleasant, though somewhat deficient in wood; it produces a peculiar breed of cattle of a smaller size than the Lancashire, but of elegant shape, beautifully curled hair, with wide horns and straight backs. The parish of Garstang includes the following townships :Inhabitants. hundred of West Derby, 1 mile N. E. from St. Helens. Inhabitants. Garstang 936 Holleth 43 Kirkland 511 Nateby 406 Pilling 1043 Winmarley 248 Wyersdale, Nether 800 7403 Entire population GARSTON, a township in the parish of Childwall, hundred of West Derby, 6 miles S. E. from Liverpool. Inhabitants 874. In this place is a chapel of ease. Patron Richard Watt, esq. On the banks of the Mersey are the extensive saltworks of Messrs. Blackburne & Co.; and nearer Liverpool is Otter's Pool, a small stream which flows into that river. Mossley Hill, in this township, is the seat of W. Ewart, esq. GARSWOOD, a hamlet in the township of Ashton in Mackerfield, parish of Winwick, hundred of West Derby, 2 miles N. N. E. from St. Helen's. Garswood Park was an ancient seat of the Gerard family. The Hall has lately been taken down. GATEACRE, a hamlet in the township of Little Woolton, parish of Childwall, hundred of West Derby, 6 miles E. S. E. from Liverpool. Here is a congregation of dissenters of the Presbyterian denomination, under the pastoral care of the Rev. William Shepherd, celebrated as the author of the Life of Poggio Bracciolini, and of several other esteemed publications. GAUXHOLME, a hamlet in the township of Todmorden, parish of Rochdale, hundred of Salford, 4 miles E. from Васир. GETTERN MERE. See Halsall. GIBAN BRIDGE, a hamlet in the township of Thornley, parish of Chipping, hundred of Blackburn, 5 miles N. from Ribchester. GILEAD HOUSE. See West Derby. GILLAR'S GREEN, a hamlet in the township of Eccleston, parish of Prescot, hundred of West Derby, 2 miles N. E. from Prescot. GILLIBRAND HALL. See Chorley. GILLNAL, a hamlet in the township of Little Bolton, parish of Bolton, hundred of Salford, 1 mile W. from Bolton. GLASSON, a hamlet in the township of Thurnham, parish of Lancaster, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the sands, 4 miles S. S. W. from Lancaster. Here is a wet dock, communicating with the Lune, excavated in 1787, and capable of receiving twenty-five sail of large merchant vessels, whose cargoes are transported in barges to Lancaster; and here also is a short cut from the Lancaster Canal, which unites that work with the river Lune. GLAZEBROOK, a hamlet in the township of Rixton, parish of Warrington, hundred of West Derby, 6 miles E. N. E. from Warrington. To the north-west of the village is a bog called Glazebrook Moss. GLEASTON, a township in the parish of Aldingham, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the sands, 2 miles S. S. E. from Dalton. Inhabitants, in 1811, 142, but in the population return of 1821 they are included with Aldingham. Here are the remains of Gleaston Castle, consisting of a portion of three square towers with GAWTHORPE HALL. See Habergham some connecting walls; it stands in a rich Eaves. GAWTHWAITE, a hamlet in the township of Lowick, parish of Ulverstone, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the sands, 4 miles N. from Ulverstone. GERARD'S BRIDGE, a hamlet in the township of Windle, parish of Prescot, vale, and is supposed to have been built by the lords of Aldingham about the end of the fourteenth century, when the ancient hall of that place was swept away by the sea. Though of imposing appearance, with its towers and battlements, Gleaston Castle could never have been a place of much strength, the stones of the building being cemented with mud instead of mortar. In the beginning of queen Mary's reign it belonged to the duke of Suffolk, father of lady Jane Grey, who being beheaded, his estates were confiscated to the crown. It is now the property lord George Cavendish. cum GLODWICK, a hamlet in the township of Oldham, parish of Oldham Prestwich, hundred of Salford, 1 mile S. E. from Oldham. GOAT'S WATER, a small lake in the township of Woodland and Heathwaite, parish of Kirkby Ireleth, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the sands, 3 miles W. from Church Coniston. GOLBORNE, a township in the parish of Winwick, hundred of West Derby, 2 miles N. from Newton. Inhabitants 1310. Golborne Park is a seat belonging to the Legh family, and now inhabited by the Rev. Peter Legh. GOLDSHAW BOCтн, a chapelry in the parish of Whalley, hundred of Blackburn, 4 miles N. W. from Burnley. Inhabitants 819. GOODSHAW, a hamlet in the township of Higher Booth, parish of Whalley, hundred of Blackburn, 3 miles N. from Haslingden. Here is a chapel of ease dependent on Haslingden. GOOSE GREEN, a hamlet in the township of Pemberton, parish of Wigan, hundred of West Derby, 2 miles S. W. from Wigan. GOOSNARGH with NEWSHAM, a chapelry in the parish of Kirkham, hundred of Amounderness, 6 miles N. N. E. from Preston. Inhabitants 1852. Four miles to the north is the elevation called Beacon Fell. In this village is the hospital endowed by the munificent William Bushel, M. D., in the year 1735, for decayed persons of the better rank in either female inmates, beyond which is an excellent dining room with a plentifully covered table every day; above are two suites of separate and commodious lodging rooms. The members of this community live uncontrolled by the mandate of a president or common superior. GORE, HIGHER and LOWER, two hamlets in the township of Chipping, parish of Whalley, hundred of Blackburn, 2 miles W. from Chipping. GORTON, a chapelry in the parish of Manchester, hundred of Salford, 3 miles E. S. E. from Manchester. Inhabitants 1604. In this place a reservoir has been formed by the proprietors of the Manchester and Salford works to increase the supply of water to the town of Manchester. GRANGE, a hamlet in the township of Broughton, parish of Cartmel, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the sands, 2 miles S. E. from Cartmel. GRAVEL HOLE, a hamlet in the township of Thornham, parish of Middleton, hundred of Salford, 4 miles N. E. from Middleton. GRAYGARTH Fell. See Leck. GRAYTHWAITE HIGH HALL. See Satterthwaite. GRAYTHWAITE LOW HALL. See Satterthwaite. GREENACRE, a hamlet in the township and parish of Oldham, hundred of Salford, 2 miles E. from Oldham. GREEN BANK, a hamlet in the township of Upper Holker, parish of Cartmel, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the sands, 2 miles N. from Cartmel. GREEN BANK. See Preston. GREEN BARN, a hamlet in the township of Blackrod, parish of Bolton, hundred of Salford, 5 miles S. E. from Chorley. GREEN END, a hamlet in the township of Burnage, parish of Manchester, hundred of Salford, 5 miles S. S. E. from Manchester. GREENHAIGH Castle. See Bonds. tleton, in the parish of Kirkham, hundred of Amounderness, 3 miles N. W. from Kirkham. Inhabitants 419. GREENHAYS, a hamlet in the township of Moss Side, parish of Manchester, hundred of Salford, 1 mile S. from Manchester. GREEN HILL, a hamlet in the township and parish of Tatham, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the sands, 5 miles S. E. from Melling. GREEN HILL, a hamlet in the township of Crompton, parish of Oldham, hundred of Salford, 3 miles S. E. from Rochdale. GREEN HURST, a hamlet in the township of Mellor, parish of Blackburn, hundred of Blackburn, 3 miles W. from Blackburn. GREEN NOOK, a hamlet in the township of Alston, parish of Ribchester, hundred of Amounderness, 6 miles N. E. from Preston. GREEN RIGG, a hamlet in the township of Heathwaite and Woodland, parish of Kirkby Ireleth, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the sands, 3 miles N. E. from Broughton. GREEN ROAD, a hamlet in the township of Wuerdale and Wardle, parish of Rochdale, hundred of Salford, 2 miles N. E. from Whitworth. GREENSIDE, a hamlet in the township of Droylsden, parish of Manchester, hundred of Salford, 4 miles E. from Manchester. GRESSINGHAM, a chapelry in the parish of Lancaster, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the sands, 8 miles N. E. from Lancaster. Inhabitants 201. GRETA, a river which, taking its rise in Yorkshire, enters the county of Lancaster, in the parish of Melling, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the sands, and running about four miles to the west falls into the Lune, a mile below Tunstall. GREY FRIAR, a mountain in the township of Seathwaite, parish of Kirkby Ireleth, hundred of Lonsdale, north of the sands, 4 miles N. W. from Coniston. GREY HILL, a hamlet in the township and parish of Tatham, hundred of Lonsdale, south of the sands, 5 miles S. E. from Melling. GRIMSARGH, a township with Brockholes in the parish of Preston, hundred of Amounderness, 4 miles N. E. from Preston. Inhabitants 343. Here is a chapel of ease. Grimsargh Hall is the seat of James Blanchard, esq., and Red Scar in this township is the seat of William Cross, esq. GRIMSHAW PARK, a hamlet in the township and parish of Blackburn, hundred of Blackburn, 1 mile S. E. from Blackburn. HABERGHAM EAVES, a township in the parish of Whalley, hundred of Blackburn, 1 mile S. W. from Burnley. inhabitants 4612. Hood House, in this H township, is the seat of Lawrence Halstead, esq. Here was an old mansion called Habergham Hall, occupied for four centuries by a family of the same |