Idealization VI: Idealization in EconomicsBert Hamminga, Neil De Marchi Rodopi, 1994 - 337 من الصفحات |
المحتوى
| 11 | |
| 43 | |
| 55 | |
Steven Cook and David Hendry The Theory of Reduction | 71 |
Izabella Nowakowa and Leszek Nowak On Correspondence | 135 |
Uskali Mäki Isolation Idealization and Truth in Economics | 147 |
Ideal Elements and Stable | 171 |
A Case of Idealiza | 180 |
طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
abstract analysis applied approach axioms behaviour Birner Brzeziński capital structure Carl Menger Cartwright ceteris paribus claim commodities concepts concretization consumer Das Kapital debt defined demand dialectical correspondence discussion econometric economic theory economists empirical models equilibrium essential example explanation fact factors factualized models false firm formulation Friedman function game theory given Hamminga Hendry homogeneity hypotheses ibid idealizational idealizational statement idealized models idealizing assumptions idealizing theories interest interpretation isolation Krajewski Kuipers law of value Leszek Nowak logical Lucas critique Macroeconomics Mäki Marx Marx's Marxian mathematical Menger methodology Mill Mill's notion Nowak Nowakowa oligopoly parameters perfect competition phenomena Philosophy of Science Political Economy possible Poznań Studies prediction presuppositions problem question rational reduction relation relevant Rodopi role Samuelson scientific social specific statistical surplus value tendency laws theoretical tion true truth University Press utility valid variables
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 210 - That is, the market value of any firm is independent of its capital structure and is given by capitalizing its expected return at the rate pk appropriate to its class. This proposition can be stated in an equivalent way in terms of the firm's "average cost of capital," Xj/Vj, which is the ratio of its expected return to the market value of all its securities.
الصفحة 175 - But, as before remarked, an amount of knowledge quite insufficient for prediction, may be most valuable for guidance. The science of society would have attained a very high point of perfection, if it enabled us, in any given condition of social affairs, in the condition for instance of...
الصفحة 178 - Political Economy considers mankind as occupied solely in acquiring and consuming wealth ; and aims at showing what is the course of action into which mankind, living in a state of society, would be impelled, if that motive, except in the degree in which it is checked by the two perpetual counter-motives above adverted to, were absolute ruler of all their actions.
الصفحة 118 - Truly important and significant hypotheses will be found to have "assumptions" that are wildly inaccurate descriptive representations of reality, and, in general, the more significant the theory, the more unrealistic the assumptions (in this sense). The reason is simple. A hypothesis is important if it "explains...
الصفحة 23 - The conclusions of Political Economy, consequently, like those of Geometry, are only true, as the common phrase is, in the abstract; that is, they are only true under certain suppositions, in which none but general causes — causes common to the whole class of cases under consideration — are taken into the account...
الصفحة 182 - THE laws of the phenomena of society are, and can be, nothing but the laws of the actions and passions of human beings united together in the social state.
الصفحة 178 - He must analyze the existing state of society into its elements, not dropping and losing any of them by the way. After referring to the experience of individual man to learn the law of each of these elements, that is, to learn what are its natural effects, and how much of the effect follows from so much of the cause when not counteracted by any other cause, there remains an operation of synthesis; to put all these effects together, and, from what they are separately, to collect what would be the...
الصفحة 174 - It is not necessary even to the perfection of a science, that the corresponding art should possess universal, or even general, rules. The phenomena of society might not only be completely dependent on known causes, but the mode of action of all those causes might be reducible to laws of considerable simplicity, and yet no two cases might admit of being treated in precisely the same manner. So great might be the variety of circumstances on which the results in different cases depend, that the art...
الصفحة 272 - For instance, it is a contradiction to depict one body as constantly falling towards another, and as. at the same time, constantly flying away from it.