Message from the president of the United States recommending an em- Letter from the commissioner of the general land-office, respecting the Message from the president of the United States, transmitting, copies of a letter from the British secretary of state for foreign affairs, to the secretary of state, with the answer of the latter Message from the presi ent of the United States, transmitting infor- mation relative to the reception of Mr. Crawford, the minister from the United States to the court of France, by that court, in obedience to a resolution of the 11th instant Message from the president of the United States, transmitting a report from the secretary of state, complying with the resolution of the house of representatives of the 12th instant Message from the president of the United States, transmitting a report of the secretary of state, in obedience to a resolution of the 13th instant, "requesting the president to lay before this house such do- cuments relative to the Russian mediation as in his opinion it may not be improper to communicate" Message of the president of the United States, transmitting a letter from the secretary of war, accompanied with sundry documents; in obedience to a resolution of the 31st of December last, requesting such information as may tend to explain the causes of the failure of Correspondence between the secretary of war and colonel Porter Message from the president of the United States, recommending a re- peal of the embargo and the restrictive system, so far as relates to nations in amity with the United States; also recommending mea- sures for the encouragement of American manufactures, and advis ing the prohibition of the exportation of specie Message from the president of the United States, communicating in- formation touching our relations with France, in compliance with a resolution of the 13th instant Message from the president of the United States, transmitting a re- port from the acting secretary of the treasury, in compliance with the resolution of the senate of the 13th instant Message from the president of the United States, transmitting a re- port from the acting secretary of the treasury, in compliance with a Letter from the secretary of the treasury, transmitting his annual re- port, prepared in obedience to the act supplementary to the act, en- titled "An act to establish the treasury department" Letter from the acting secretary of the treasury, transmitting a state- ment of the exports of the United States, during the year ending the REVIEW OF THE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES. [Continued from vol. 1. p. 45.] CHAPTER V. OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. (In Continuation.) 1. Command of the army. § 2. Military peace establishment. §5. Additional force of 10,000 men. § 4. War establishment. § 5. The regiment of light artillery. § 6. The regiment of dragoons. 7. The artillery corps. § 8. The regiments of infantry. § 9. The rifle regiments. § 10. The general officers. § 11. The quarter master general's department. $12. The topographical department. § 13. The adjutant general's and the inspector general's department. 14. The ordnance department. § 15. The purchasing department. 16. The paymaster's department. § 17. The hospital department. 18. The judge advocates and the chaplains. § 19. The engineer corps. § 20. Rank of regiments. § 21. Rank of officers. 22. Rules of promotion. 23. Army pay, &c. § 24. The militia. § 25. Volunteers. § 26. Invalid pensioners. §1. THE army of the United States is placed, by the constitution, under the command of the president, who is likewise vested by the same instrument with the power of nominating, and by and with the consent of the senate of appointing, all its officers. 2. By the act of the 16th of March, 1802, the military peace establishment of the United States was ordered to consist of one regiment of artillerists and two regiments of infantry. 3. On the 12th of April, 1808, an additional force of 10,000 men was ordered to be raised, consisting of five regiments of infantry, one regiment of riflemen, one regiment of light artillery, and one regiment of light dragoons. On the 24th of December, 1811, congress ordered the above military establishment to be immediately completed, and, in or der to facilitate its completion, the bounty was raised from eight to sixteen dollars to each recruit; and on discharge, each man was to be allowed three months pay, and a hundred and sixty acres of land; in case of death in the service, the pay and land to revert to his heirs and representatives. § 4. An additional force of 25,000 men was shortly after ordered to be immediately raised, and the president was authorized, in case of an actual or threatened invasion by the Indians, to raise six companies of rangers-either by the acceptance of volunteers or by enlistment for one year. Each company was to consist of one captain, one first and one second lieutenant, one ensign, four serjeants, four corporals, and sixty privates. These rangers were to be mounted or serve on foot as the service might require, and were to be armed, equipped, and organized in such manner as the president might think proper to direct. The president was likewise authorized to accept the services of any volunteer corps that should offer, not exceeding 50,000 men. This great increase of force was preparatory to the declaration of war. In the first session following that event, experience having shown the difficulty of filling the ranks, further inducements were held out, by offering to each recruit, in addition to the existing bounty, an advance of $24 on account of his pay. During the same session, an additional force of 20,000 men was authorized to be raised for one year, the recruits to receive a bounty of $ 16 each in money, but no land. These inducements, however, proving still insufficient to fill the military establishment, congress, in January, 1814, passed an act offering to each person who should enlist for five years, or during the war, at his election, a bounty of $124, twenty-four of which to be paid on his discharge; at the same time the reenlistment of men whose term of service was about to expire was authorized on the same terms. In the course of the same session a number of acts were passed for the increase and better organization of the military establishment. The total authorized force at present consists of 1 regiment of light artillery 1 do. of dragoons The artillery corps 46 regiments of infantry 963 981 5940 50324 4240 1241 10 do. of sea fencibles* 1070 64,759 men. • For the organization, &c, of the sea fencibles, see vol. 1, p. 155. 5. The regiment of light artillery consists of ten troops of 95 men each, including officers, which, including the 13 regimental officers, make an aggregate of 963. 6. The regiment of dragoons consists of eight troops of 121 each, which, including the regimental officers, make an aggregate of 981 men. 7. The artillery corps consists of 12 battalions, of 495 each. 8. Each regiment of infantry consists of 10 companies, of 106 men, making, with the regimental officers, a total of 1094 to each regiment. § 9. Each rifle regiment also contains 10 companies, of 106 men each. Two regiments form a brigade, commanded by a brigadier general, to whom is attached an aid-de-camp and a brigade major. Two brigades form a division, commanded by a major general, with two aids-de-camp; and, when he commands an army, one adjutant general, one inspector general, one quarter master general, two assistant adjutant generals, two assistant inspector generals, one deputy quarter master general and four assistants, one topographical engineer and one assistant; beside a chief of each department, as many assistants may be allowed as there are brigades in each separate army. In the above statement the general staff and the engineer corps are not included. The general staff consists of 10. I. The general officers. brigadier-generals. Eight major-generals, and 16 11. II. The quarter master general's department. The principal quarter master general and his clerks, 8 quarter master generals, 8 deputy and 32 assistant deputy quarter master generals, the principal and 16 other waggon masters, the principal forage master and 16 assistants, 4 conductors of artillery, the principal barrack-master and 60 deputies, the superintendant of artificers and 4 assistants, 2 master masons and 24 labourers, 2 master carpenters with 20 house and 5 ship carpenters, 2 master blacksmiths and 20 workmen, 2 master boat-builders and 16 workmen, 2 master armorers and 16 workmen, 2 master saddlers and 12 workmen, and 2 master harness-makers and 12 workmen. It is the duty of this department to provide 1. For the quartering and transporting of troops. 2. For transporting all military stores, camp equipage, and artillery. 3. For opening and repairing roads, and constructing and re |