PORTUGAL is a small kingdom, lying on the west of Spain, and the most westerly country in Europe: its climate is pure and mild, but its soil is not, in general, so fruitful as that of Spain: it produces great quantities of oranges, lemons, grapes, and similar fruits.

Lisbon, the capital, is a well built city, advantageously situated on the Tagus, and one of the finest ports in Europe: the other chief town is Oporto, celebrated for its strong wine, called port, of which it sends great quantities to England.

The Portuguese bear a resemblance to the Spaniards, but they are neither so tall, nor so well made, and they appear to have lost that enterprising spirit which distinguished their forefathers: the peasantry are for the most part, ignorant, superstitious, and in a degraded

state.

ITALY, once the most powerful country on the globe, is now divided intc ten distinct states, each subject to a different sovereign: the principal are those belonging to the Pope, the King of Naples, the King of Sardinia, and the Emperor of Austria.

Rome, the capital of the Pope's territories, and once the capital of the whole Roman empire, is still a magnificent city, and deservedly celebrated for its splendid buildings, and noble ruins.

St. Peter's church, at Rome, is, perhaps, the most beautiful building in the world; in Rome is also the Vatican, or palace of the Pope, containing four thọusand apartments.

Italy is inclined to be mountainous, and is noted for its delightful scenery; its soil is rich, and produces abundantly most of the luxuries of life; its climate is fine, but the heat in summer is sometimes oppressive.

The Italians are considered a prudent, polite people,

well proportioned in their persons, and with considerable expression in their countenances; they excel in the fine arts, but especially in painting and music.

TURKEY is a large empire, lying partly in Europe, and partly in Asia; Europe'an Turkey, taken as a whole, may be considered mountainous, but it is agreeably diversified with beautiful valleys, and fertile plains, producing the finer fruits in great perfection.

Constantinople, the capital of the whole of Turkey, is a large city, beautifully situated between the Black and the Marmora Seas, and contains some magnificent buildings, but the houses are in general low, and indifferently built, and the streets are narrow and dirty.

The Turks are a well-made, handsome people, but considered haughty and cruel; they are indolent in their habits, and spend much of their time in smoking; viewing the arts and sciences, with an indifference bordering on contempt.

GREECE, in ancient times, the seat of learning and of the arts and sciences, is a penin'sula on the south of Turkey, with a population of about a million.

For a long period, Greece constituted a part of the Turkish empire, but in the year 1827, it was formed into an independent kingdom, under the protection of England, France, and Russia.

Athens, the capital, once the admiration of the world, and the birth place of illustrious orators, statesmen, and warriors, is now only attractive on account of the noble ruins of its ancient and splendid buildings.

LESSON XCIX.

I LIVE NOT ALONE FOR MYSELF.-UNCLE TOBY.GOOD AND BAD FORTUNE.-MISCELLANEOUS

INFORMATION.

"I live not alone for myself," said a beautiful flower one fair morning, as it lifted to the sun its crest, sparkling with dew drops; "I live not alone for myself; mortals come and gaze on me, and breathe my fragrance,. and go away better then they came.

I minister to their perceptions of the beautiful; I give to the bee his honey, and to the insect his food; I help to clothe the earth in beauty."

"I live not alone for myself," said a wide spreading tree; "I give a happy home to a hundred living beings; I grant support to the living tendrils of the vine; I absorb the noxious vapours in the air; I spread a welcome shadow for man and beast: and I too help to make the earth beautiful."

"I live not alone for myself," said a laughing mountain streamlet; "I know that my tribute to the ocean is small, but still I am hastening to carry it there, and I try to do all the good I can on the way; the tree and the flower love my banks, for I give them life and nourishment, and even the grass, which feels my influence, has a greener hue.

The minnows find life and happiness in my waters, though I glide onward only a silver thread; and men and animals seek my brink to assuage their thirst, and enjoy the shadow of the trees which I nourish; I live not alone for myself."

"I live not alone for myself," said a bright hued bird, as he soared upward in the air; "my songs are a

blessing to man; I have seen the poor man sad and despondent, as he went home from his daily work; for he knew not how to obtain food for his little ones.

Then I tuned one of my sweetest lays for his ear, and he looked upward, saying, 'Behold the fowls of the air; for they sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns, yet my heavenly Father feedeth them. Am not I better than they?' and the look of gloom changed to one of cheerfulness and hope."

"I live not alone for myself," should be the language of every thinking, reflecting, mind. It is the language of duty, guiding to the only paths of happiness on earth, and preparing the soul for unalloyed bliss throughout the measureless enduring of eternity.-Christian Mirror.

My uncle Toby was a man patient under injuries; not from the want of courage, where just occasion presented, or called it forth, and I know no man under whose arm I would sooner have taken shelter; nor did this arise from any insensibility, or obtuseness of his intellectual parts.

He was of a peaceful, placid, nature; no jarring element in it, all was mixed up so kindly with him; my uncle Toby had scarce a heart to retaliate upon a fly; "Go," says he, one day at dinner, to an overgrown one, which had buzzed about his nose, and tormented him cruelly all dinner time, and which, after a great many attempts, he had caught at last as it flew by him.

"I'll not hurt thee," says my uncle Toby, rising from his chair, and going across the room, with the fly in his hand, "I'll not hurt a hair of thy head! go," says he, lifting up the sash, and opening his hand as he spoke, to let it escape; "go, poor insect-get thee gone, why should I hurt thee? The world surely is wide enough to hold me and thee."- Sterne.

To show that good or bad fortune is just as it is felt, we need only resume the consideration of master and servant; for masters, in general, appear no happier than their servants. We are not to look for contentment in palaces alone, for we shall oftener find it in cottages.

I one day visited two particular persons; the first was the master of an elegant house, and a beautiful garden; I asked him if he expected a fine show of tulips this season? he answered, he could say nothing about his garden, as he seldom visited it.

The second person I called to see was in a small dark room, which I considered anything but comfortable and convenient; he told me how still and quiet his chamber was; that, from its situation, he enjoyed much of the sun in summer, and was protected from the winter blasts.

Among other things, he showed me his pleasure garden, which consisted of a few flower pots, ranged on the outside of the window, and then asked me what I thought of his habitation.

I assured him I was just come from a gentleman of fortune, who did not enjoy so many conveniences; indeed the conviction of my mind was, that a gentleman may be poor in the midst of plenty, for to be discontented with riches, is accumulated poverty.

Birds of prey are known by their powerful hooked bills and talons, by which they are enabled to kill other birds, and also small quadrupeds and reptiles; they are divided into two families, the first of which seek their food by day, as the eagle, the vulture, the hawk, and ́ the kite.

The second family consists of the different kinds of owls, which seek their food by night; their eyes are large, and directed forwards, instead of sideways, like