From Cincinnati I went to Louisville in the mail|third gentleman by her side, and detained him with packet, General Pike, which made the voyage in about some questions on the subject of card playing, and a thirteen hours. The scenery on the river varied little proposal to show him certain mysterious manœuvres from that above. Most of the villages present them with cards, which he admitted himself to be ignorant selves perched on the high, naked and crumbling banks, of. She seized the pack, shuffled, divided, dealt out, amidst fields, out of which, and about which, the fine lectured, explained; shuffled, dealt out, lectured exforest trees have been diligently destroyed. plained, in continuation-putting her finger first on one card, then on another, as she commented thereupon:whereof I understood nothing; but whereat I was amused, nevertheless, when I observed the indefatigable earnestness of the lady, and the listless patience of her auditor. When the supper table was set, the lecture ended. No sooner was the table cleared, than forth came the self-same lady once more, and the selfsame operations of the forenoon and the afternoon, were repeated and reiterated and gone over, times innumerable-the shuffle-the deal-the cut-the turning up the trump-the playing out, &c. Now it so hap pened, that the lady sat at the card table with her back almost touching my berth; and being of considerable dimensions, she debarred me of access to my place of repose. When I became very sleepy about ten o'clock, I politely requested the company to allow me space to enter my dormitory. They promptly complied,—the lady rose and pushed the table forward a little, and drawing her chair after it, she turned about, and find The nakedness of the banks is exposing them to be undermined by the current, and the waves thrown up by the steamboats. The soil is of a loose sandy description, and is underlaid by a deep bed of sand and gravel. When the river is sufficiently high to cover the shelving bars of gravel at its margin, the current comes in contact with the steep part of the bank, and washing out the sand underneath, causes frequent slides and falls of the soil from above; the lighter materials are swept away by the current, while the heavier gravel is washed down to the shelving beach, which is thereby enlarged from year to year. This effect is much hastened by the steamboats, which cast out on either side an oblique line of billows that roll and break against the shore. When the dash of these waves is carried against the friable soil of the banks, the effect is more destructive than that of the current. The only remedy-and that should be promptly applied-seems to be, to plant willows and other trees of quick growth and tenacious roots, and to fortifying by inspection that I could pass and drop my curtheir position with a layer of stones. tain, she sat down and resumed the game. I crept in, and dropping my curtain close to her back, doffed my garments and lay down; but the rustling of cards within three feet of my ears, and the frequent pronunciation of the words, " ace-queen-knave-trumptrick"-and other terms of the card playing vocabu lary, kept me awake for some time. Finally these sounds had a lulling effect-dreamy thoughts stole upon me-thoughts of card playing ladies-"an old The most thriving town between Cincinnati and Louisville, is Madison, on the Indiana shore. Near this is the South Hanover college and theological school. The institution was founded some years ago on the manual labor scheme. The cheapness of education here, as well as the merit of the instructors, soon attracted a large number of students. The manual labor department was here as elsewhere attended with much difficulty, and has failed to yield all the advan-age of cards," as Pope has it-till I fell asleep with this tages that were anticipated. Still it is deemed so far beneficial, as to be worthy of continuance; but it is now left to the option of the students whether they will labor or not. Two or three years ago, a destruc tive tornado passed over the place and almost ruined the college buildings. sort of reflection: "Well, Mrs. D. (for I had heard her name,) if I were a Drake I should not choose you for my duck.” Our boat landed about eleven o'clock at night, and lay till morning. When I got out and looked about, I found on the bank, the city of Louisville, and along The only instance of gambling which I saw on my the shore the greatest sight of steamboats that I ever whole tour, occurred on the General Pike, shortly after beheld. They lay as thickly as they could crowd, we left Cincinnati. A party at a card table played a with their noses to the land, for the space of half a few games for money. But another card party, among mile, many of them vessels of large burden, giving whom no bets occurred, excited my attention. The evidence at once, that here was the greatest commerboat was scarcely under way, before an elderly lady, cial mart on the Ohio. large and fair to look upon, came into the gentlemen's cabin, and looked about as if she wanted somebody or something. She addressed several gentlemen; and soon, she and three of them sat down to cards. They shuffled, and cut, and dealt out, and played away; till some of the gentlemen showed signs of weariness: but not so the lady; she held them to it more than two hours, until the party was broken up, by the setting out of the dinner table. No sooner was the cloth removed, after dinner, than the same elderly good looking lady came forth again, looking round and round, till she gathered up the party for another set to. They shuffled, and cut, and dealt out, and played away, till late in the afternoon, when two of the gentlemen fell back in their chairs, and yawned, and finally got up. When the lady saw this backing out, she turned to the The river is here of great breadth-more than half a mile at the falls, and somewhat less for some miles above and below. The falls, or rather rapids, are made by a ledge of rock, swelling up in the channel, but most on the Kentucky side, so as to force the current towards the Indiana shore, where it runs with violence, when the river is low, down a sluice about a mile long; but when the river is much swollen, it spreads over the whole space between the banks, and affords a safe passage to boats over the rapids. At other times the canal on the Louisville side must be used. Louisville is neither so large nor so handsome a city as Cincinnati, nor has it such pleasant scenery about it. Several streets next to the river are compactly and handsomely built; but there are as yet few public buildings of any note. They are erecting an edifice, however, which, in point of magnificence and solidity, will exceed any thing of the kind on the western side of the Alleghany. They call it the court house, but it will give ample room and verge enough to accommodate the legislature also, and I heard it suggested that its dimensions were made so large with this view. Nor does there seem to be any sufficient reason why the seat of government should not be located in Louisville, which stands indeed on one side of the state, but midway between the extremities. Steamboats and railways will make this great commercial depôt the chief point of convergence, and afford easy intercourse with all parts of the state. This building is of a fine grey sandstone from the Kentucky river, and presents a front of more than 200 feet. The country about Louisville is an extensive plain of dark rich soil. The town was formerly unhealthy, from the pestiferous effluvia of ponds and marshes in the vicinity. Those nearest the town have been drained, and Louisville is now almost as healthy as the towns of the upper Ohio. But the situation will never permit it to be a very healthy place in the autumnal season. The city now contains 25,000 inhabitants, and it is growing with such rapidity, as to threaten Cincinnati with rivalship in population, as it now rivals that "queen of the west" in trade. On the Indiana side, are the towns of Jeffersonville, above the falls, and New Albany, below. The latter is a thriving place, pleasantly situated near the only hills apparent from Louisville, over which it has some natural advantages, but which it can never rival for want of an equal start. Capital and population have fixed on Louisville as their seat-having made their location, they will keep it. Experience proves that a city once become populous and wealthy, will in the ordinary course of events triumph over natural disadvantages; and by means of capital and industry, maintain its superiority over neighboring towns more favorably situated. Where natural advantages are very great, they may nevertheless, in the end, attract capital and population from their ancient seats. WINTER. Now Winter, from the chilling east, How bright each crystal drop appears, Glitt'ring beneath her gentle beam, The genii of the east have wrought. For never but in fairy land, Whose fleeting pageants cheat the sight Dissolving by a magic wand, Was aught so transient, or so bright. Upon the forest's rugged boughs No longer now in verdure drest, Earth seems a dead and lifeless thing; The howling blast, that shakes the grove, Thus, when our vital warmth expires Beneath the chilling grasp of death, Religious hope relumes its fires, And renovates our fleeting breath. Through fields all bleak and trackless now, The shiv'ring flocks their way explore, With hunger pinch'd, and bleach'd with snow, While their mute looks our aid implore. Silent the birds to covert fly, Save Winter's harbinger, whose form While thus in icy fetters bound, Torpid and mute, all nature lies, In human dwellings still is found A spot, which Winter's power defies. There, gather'd round the cheerful hearth, While books the languid hours beguile, Or converse prompts to harmless mirth, The social homebred virtues smile. THE COPY-BOOK-NO. V. THE NEW WORLD. D. It is not yet three centuries and a half since Columbus "first unfurled An eastern banner o'er a western world." All those objects, therefore, whose interest is owing to their antiquity, are wanting in America. Time has consecrated nothing here by her venerable hand. Fancy here finds no grey ruins of crumbling palaces and deserted cities-no feudal battlement or tower, no marble temple, nor monkish cloister. Here is no Athens with learned porch, or philosophic grove-where "The warrior's weapon and the sophist's stole Are sought in vain, and o'er each mouldering tower, nor any of those ancient scenes where poetry inhales her inspiration and loves to "Strike the deep sorrows of her lyre." Such materials of imagination, the trophies and the master spirits of the present day. The conceptombs of departed greatness, are scattered over tions expand, the taste is softened, mellowed and Europe, and Asia, and Africa-but not in America. refined—the imagination is kindled and the judgVirginia is the oldest of the United States, yet ment invigorated. At home the quiver of subjects how short the thread of her history-not two cen- was soon exhausted; here it may be replenished turies and a half. And an elegant writer found in from an older and richer armory. the chronicles of his native state-the most flourishing in the union-materials so scanty and so inconsequential, that the Livy of New York descended to the burlesque of Knickerbocker. It is true, that although destitute of classic antiquity, we have nature in her fresh and lovely form-the river, the prairie, and the mountain, the lake and the cataract-but it is naked, solitary nature, devoid of association. No spot is shown where a Roman legion has encamped, or a knight errant slain a dragon or a giant. Here no tyrant has been slain-no conqueror has returned triumphant from the spoil of distant nations; here no poet has sung-no martyr died in "victorious agonies." As to the Indians, after all that has been done to sublimate their character, it must be confessed, they are an uninteresting people. Their ideas are few, and for the most part connected with war or the animal necessities. The life of an Indian is a monotonous repetition of a few simple incidents. Their history is nothing but a detail of petty skirmishes of no more consequence than," as Milton says, the "wars between the hawks and the crows of a neighboring wood." Their life is passed between the tomahawk and the pipe. A glimmer of reason, a touch of sentiment, a rare burst of generosity or eloquence, is all that the most extravagant poetaster can make out of these poor extolled and exterminated savages. America abounds in incomparable scenery; but what is mere scenery unconnected with man? What is mere physical nature unconnected with moral existence? The Connecticut and the Hudson are picturesque-the Potomac and the Missouri majestic-but what are they, in a classic point of view, compared to the little yellow, muddy Tiber? Let us not then blame our artists and writers for repairing to Europe: they are migratory birds, flying where they can find their proper aliment, and rejoice in the influence of a genial sun. Again, the stamp of original American character has not been as yet deeply impressed on the people of this country-they are hardly yet melted down in the crucible of time. Perhaps the time will come when the American face and the American genius will assume distinct and definite features. Added to this, of all people on earth, the Americans are the most restless and locomotive. The continual attrition of travel obliterates local originality and extinguishes provincial mother wit. The Revolution indeed is a topic worthy of a great mind, and we may wonder why some Homer has not arisen to celebrate a hero of higher virtue than Achilles. But the subject is too recent, perhaps, to compete with those that loom to a false magnitude through the mists of time. "Difficile est communia dicere." Centuries alone can cast a halo on a name. The time may come, when America shall have her epic poet; when her rocks and fountains shall become classic; when the "chorded shell" shall be struck on the cliff's of the Hudson, and the harp resound at the foot of the Alleghanies. "Westward the course of empire takes its way, A fifth shall close the drama with the day: DEFORMITIES OF GREAT MEN. The Indian characters of Cooper's novels are remarkable for their sameness. The Trapper is only Hawk-eye in his old age. Like family portraits-see one, you see all. A writer may paint the hunt, the war-council, the fight, the dancehe may shift a few scenes, and ring a few changes, but the fountain of Indian story is shallow and will soon run dry. Poetical men have to lament that in this country there is no bastile, no "bridge of sighs," no" cloud-capped towers, nor gorgeous palaces;" that with us every thing is fresh, modern and provincial and if European writers, will lay aside the aids of antiquity, and put themselves, in this particular, on a footing with the writers of the western hemisphere, they will perhaps be less surprised at the paucity of pure, home-made, original American works. Stripped of the borrowed plumage of antiquity, the European peacock will be reduced to a level with the common barn-door fowl of America. Our artists and writers are apt to abandon their own country, for the kingdoms of Europe: there, in the schools and galleries, they find the noble Ignatius Loyola and Epictetus-lame. Coutusmodels of the most celebrated masters-the colla-off, Hannibal, Epictetus and Euler-one-eyed. ted wonders of an age; there, too, they may meet St. Paul, Alexander the Great, Julius Cæsar, Sir Walter Scott and Lord Byron were both lame. Pope was called the ugly little wasp of Twickenham. Lady Montague had a dirty looking face, and so had Dean Swift, who could never bring his to look clean though he washed with "oriental scrupulosity." Appius Claudius, Timoleon, Tiresias, Democritus, Homer and Milton-blind. Melancthon-short and hard-favored. Soame Jenyns on hearing that Gibbon had published his history, said he wondered how so ugly a man could write a book-which made the company smile, for he was himself remarkably ugly. Cicero had a long neck—and Homer, according to Lucian, compares Helen's neck to a swan's; not because it was as white, but because it was as long. The head of Pericles was shaped like an onion; that of the present king of the French is compared to a pear. Horace, Bonaparte, Madison, General Charles | he rode out on his farm, he frequently carried one Lee, Chancellor Kent, John Quincy Adams and of them before and another behind him. Of his Santa Anna-small men. speeches she knew little or nothing. At that time she was young and gay, and cared more about balls than politics. Puffendorf, (she thought that was the name,) was one of his favorite authors. On Sunday he never failed to read a sermon to his family. He was in general inattentive to dress; but when equipping himself for court, he mounted a smart wig and was particularly fond of a red cloak. He had no taste for fine horses-having received several falls. When he appeared in the streets the people took off their hats to him, and showed him every mark of respect, to avoid which he oftentimes sneaked out of town by some private way. From the shabbiness of his dress he was sometimes mistaken for a clodpole, and greatly diverted at the questions propounded to him upon these occasions. John Randolph took up a strong dislike to him, for calling him one of the bobtail politicians. Patrick Henry and General Henry Lee were intimate friends at one time, but they afterwards fell out. Of her father's letters she retained fourteen. They were short, familiar, written on the spur of the moment, and some of them in a hurry— just such as any private gentleman would write to his family. They were written on small sheets, or half sheets of common paper; the hand writing good, the style occasionally inaccurate. Queen Elizabeth had red hair, and black teeth; Cromwell a red face, and the aquiline hook and fiery color of his nose was a standing jest of the cavaliers. It is thought by some philosophers that the smaller the body, the more active the soul, as being the less diffused. While on the other hand | it is commonly believed, that the larger the body, the larger the soul. The better opinion perhaps is, that nature, in this particular, follows no uniform rule; and that there is no settled proportion between the material and immaterial man. Personal deformity is apt to modify in some way the character; it may create jealousy, or stimulate to counterbalance bodily inferiority by mental superiority, or may superinduce a gloomy melancholy. In regard to ugliness we may remember, that the best affections are often concealed under a homely exterior, and that the wisest heads are sometimes the most knotty. PATRICK HENRY. The following sentences, extracted from these letters, are of interest only as coming from the pen of "the forest-born Demosthenes, Whose thunder shook the Philip of the seas." "His conduct is such as would surprise any body not acquainted with him. However, you will remember, that Providence hath ordered to all a portion of sufferings and uneasiness in this world, that we may think of preparing for a better. I hope my dear child will keep up her spirits, and rub through every tryal." The word Christmas he spells Xmas. "I have no doubt of my dear B's resignation to the divine will, in the afflictive stroke she has In the course of my peregrinations, I have had the pleasure of becoming acquainted with a daughter of Patrick Henry-a lady of the old school. She was entirely affable, and ready to communicate whatever she remembered of the olden time. Yet I confess it was quite a damper to my antiquarian fervor to hear her say, she re-felt since last year. The same good sense and membered hardly anything of her father. Indeed piety which have placed you so high in my eswhat she knew on that head was so familiar to her teem and that of every one of your acquaintance, mind that she deemed it scarcely worth relating. will, I trust, bear you up cheerfully through life. Her reminiscences I will set down here, at ran-I do assure you the comfort I feel, from reflecting dom, as they were at different times mentioned to on your character and disposition, is very great. me. She had seen General Washington and Albert Gallatin in conversation with her father at his house. General Washington was grave and never laughed. Her father on the contrary was a hearty laugher. Gallatin talked broken English. Patrick Henry while governor of Virginia, often cut wood and made up his own fire. He was singularly fond of his children. When "I hope God will bless my dear B., and be her support and protection, and carry you through life under the guidance of his good providence." 1798. "I find my own health and strength declining; but, on the whole, not more than my time of life might expect." "I hope she will sometimes see you, and learn of you everything that is praiseworthy." 1791. "I am obliged to be very industrious, "I hear A. has lost her second son. Poor, dear cess. girl, I hope she bears it well.” and to take on me great fatigue, to clear myself] sentinels to convey all intelligence instantaneously of debt. I hope to be able to accomplish this in a to the brain. The stomach is like a mill-the year or two, if it please God to continue me in power failing, it grinds more feebly—so, in indihealth and strength." gestion, the stomach carries on a feeble, painful proNostrums, in this case, bring, if any, only temporary relief; such efforts are no better than to set a mill wheel in motion by the hand. Nothing less than a full tide of water will impel the one; nothing less than the spring-tide of health will set the machinery of digestion again into full play. The brain seems to be a counterpart of the stomach-the "camera obscura," on which all the "I wish you were with us to enjoy the agreeable society of your sisters, at this place, which is very retired; indeed so much so, as to disgust them. But as we go to Redhill in about five weeks, they will be relieved from their solitude, as that is a more public place." "I must give out the law and plague myself sensations are pictured. Indigestion, though in no more with business; sitting down on what I have. For it will be sufficient employment to see after my little flock and the management of my plantation." "I have lost my crop of tobacco on Staunton, from a great fresh, and was otherwise damaged." Postscript, by his wife: "My dear B. will be so good as to excuse my writing a few lines in her pappa's letter, as we are very scarce of paper." "This will be delivered you by your brother, who, with his wife, will visit you. You will no doubt see that she is a genteel person, and one who has been bred in polite life; and as she has an amiable character, I doubt not you will think her a very agreeable connection." 1787. "At present your mama and all our family live at one fire, and have not one out-house that will assist." "I am preparing for Charlotte court on Monday, for my necessity's oblige me to take up my old calling again." general engendered in the stomach, sometimes originates in the brain. This is especially the case among students and literary men, in whom the exciting cause of indigestion is undue exertion of the brain. Excessive exertion weakens this organ, diminishes the nervous influence (formerly called the animal spirits,) which is essential to digestion. Some writer affirms that every idea of the mind is produced by an expansion or contraction, or some other motion of the brain. If so, it may be readily imagined how study, which requires so many motions of the brain, should injure that "viscus," and bring on indigestion, melancholy, phrenitis, and “all the thousand other ills that studious men are heirs to." It appears, however, to be a well established fact that authors and literary men whose cerebel organs have been continually exercised are healthy and long-lived. The brain, therefore, is strengthened by cultivation, just like any other organ of the body; and an Almighty Benefactor has not bestowed the desire of knowledge without the capacity of obtaining it. "We are fearfully and wonderfully made." There is a mysterious sympathy between mind and body. In strong cases this is quite palpable. Fear drives the blood back to the heart-anger and modesty fill the blood vessels of the face. Any extreme passion takes away the appetite-as fear, anger, anxiety, hope. These effects are manifest and admitted, but when brought about by a slow, gradual process, the source is apt to Goldsmith I think it is, that remarks, that it is escape observation. A sudden calamity, coming at surprising people should be so obstinate as to die an unexpected moment, may at once unhinge and in a world where there are so many infallible re-distort the mind; the same effect may be as effecmedies for every disease. Pill Garlick, laboring under indigestion, applied to Dr. Abstemio, who advised him to starve the enemy out. After the lapse of some months, however, finding himself reduced to a lean anatomy, he abjured bran-bread and Bohea tea, and laid his case before the famous Dr. Humbug. Dr Humbug put him upon a more generous regimen, and in a short while set a thousand more blue devils to work, hammering on the noddle of Pill Garlick. HYPOCHONDRIA. "A thousand miseries at once My heavy heart and soul ensconce." Burton. It is remarked of hypochondriacs, that each one thinks his own the worst possible case; and that, notwithstanding every body they meet is able to cure them, they never get well. The brain is head quarters of the body, and "rendezvous generale," of the sensations-the will, commander in chief; and the animal spirits, the tually induced by the silent touches of protracted care. As sudden fright may produce instant death, so continual fears and apprehensions will at length wear away a frame of adamant. A rock may be as completely dissolved by drops of rain, as by the inevitable blast of forked lightning. DIET, &c. I wish some man of wit would take the trouble to collate all the multifarious, absurd and contradictory opinions of dietetical writers. There is |