teyneth a good circuite of ground-the river running round, so that a pale running cross a neck of land from one parte of the river to the other, maketh it a peninsula. The houses and dwellings of the people are sett round about by the river, and all along the pale, so farr distant one from the other, that upon anie alarme, they can succor and second one the other. These people are injoyned by a charter, (being incorporated to the Bermuda towne, which is made a corporacoun,) to effect and performe such duties and services whereunto they are bound for a certain tyme, and then to have their freedome. This corporacoun admitt no farmors, unles they procure of the governor some of the colony men to be their servants, for whom (being no members of the corporacoun,) they are to pay rent corne as other farmors of this kind-these are about seventeen. Others also comprehended in the said number of one hundred and nineteen there, are resident, who labor generallie for the colonie; amongst whom some make pitch and tarr, potashes, charcole and other works, and are maintayned by the magazin-but are not of the corporacoun. At this place (for the most part) liveth capten Peacdley, deputy marshal and deputy governor. Mr. Alexander Whitaker, (sonne to the reverend and famous divine, Dr. Whitaker,) a good divine, hath the ministerial charge here.

Thus briefly have I sett downe every man's par- are one hundred and nineteen-which seate conticular imployment and manner of living; albeit, lest the people who generallie are bent to covett after gaine, especially having tasted of the sweete of their labors-should spend too much of their tyme and labor in planting tobacco, knowne to them to be verie vendible in England, and so neglect their tillage of corne, and fall into want thereof, it is provided for-by the providence and care of Sir Thomas Dale-that no farmor or other who must maintayne themselves-shall plant any tobacco, unles he shall yearely manure, set and maintayne for himself and every man servant two acres of ground with corne, which doing they may plant as much tobacco as they will, els all their tobacco shalbe forfeite to the colony-by which meanes the magazin shall yearely be sure to receave their rent of corne; to maintayne those who are fedd thereout, being but a few, and manie others, if need be; they themselves will be well stored to keepe their families with overplus, and reape tobacco enough to buy clothes and such other necessaries as are needeful for themselves and houshold. For an easie laborer will keepe and tend two acres of corne, and cure a good store of tobacco-being yet the principall commoditie the colony for the present yieldeth. For which, as for other commodities, the councell and com pany for Virginia have already sent a ship thither, furnished with all manner of clothing, houshold stuff and such necessaries, to establish a magazin there, which the people shall buy at easie rates for their commodities-they selling them at such prices that the adventurers may be no loosers. This magazin shalbe yearelie supplied to furnish them, if they will endeavor, by their labor, to maintayne it—which wilbe much beneficiall to the planters and adventurers, by interchanging their commodities, and will add much encouragement to them and others to persevere and follow the action with a constant resolution to uphold the

same.

At West and Sherley Hundred (seated on the north side of the river, lower then the Bermudas three or four myles,) are twenty-five, commanded by capten Maddeson-who are imployed onely in planting and curing tobacco,-with the profitt thereof to clothe themselves and all those who labor about the generall business.

At James Towne (seated on the north side of the river, from West and Sherley Hundred lower down about thirty-seven myles,) are fifty, under the command of lieutenant Sharpe, in the absence of capten Francis West, Esq., brother to the right

The people which inhabite the said six severall ho❜ble the Le. Lawarre,-whereof thirty-one are places are disposed as followeth :

At Henrico, and in the precincte, (which is seated on the north side of the river, ninety odd myles from the mouth thereof, and within fifteen or sixteen myles of the falls or head of that river, being our furthest habitation within the land,) are thirty-eight men and boyes, whereof twenty-two are farmors, the rest officers and others, all whom maintayne themselves with food and apparrell. Of this towne one capten Smaley hath the command in the absence of capten James Davis. Mr. Wm. Wickham minister there, who, in his life and doctrine, give good examples and godly instructions to the people.

At Bermuda Nether Hundred, (seated on the south side of the river, crossing it and going by land, five myles lower then Henrico by water,)

farmors; all theis maintayne themselves with food and rayment. Mr. Richard Burd minister there— a verie good preacher.

At Kequoughtan (being not farr from the mouth of the river, thirty-seven miles below James Towne on the same side,) are twenty-whereof eleven are farmors; all those also maintayne themselves as the former. Capten George Webb commander. Mr. Wm. Mays minister there.

At Dales-Gift (being upon the sea, neere unto Cape Charles, about thirty myles from Kequoughtan,) are seventeen, under the command of one lieutenant Cradock; all these are fedd and maintayned by the colony. Their labor is to make salt and catch fish at the two seasons aforementioned.

So the nomber of officers and laborers are two hundred and five. The farmors 81; besides woe

persons-a small nomber to advance so great a worke.

men and children, in everie place some-which | God, (for what were we before the gospell of in all amounteth to three hundred and fifty-one | Christ shined amongst us?) and cannot better express our duties and thankfulness for so great mercies, then by using such meanes to them, as Theis severall places are not thus weakly man'd, it pleased him to lend unto others to bring our as capable of no greater nomber, (for they will forefathers and us into the waies of trueth,-it is maintayne many hundreds more,)-but because no much to be mourned and lamented how lightlie the one can be forsaken without losse and detriment workes of God are now a days generallie regardto all. If then so few people, thus united, ordered ed, and less sought after; but the worke of the and governed, doe live so happily, every one par- world, as though they were eternall, hungered taking of the others labor, can keepe in possession for, and thirsted after with insatiable greedines. so much ground as will feed a far greater nomber in But should we well consider, examine and search the same or better condition; and seeing too, too into ourselves, what we were, and now are, there many poore farmors in England worke all the can be no heart, (if not hardened as the nether yeare, rising early and going to bed late, live pe- mill stone,) but would even break itself to pieces, nuriously, and much adoe to pay their landlord's and distribute to manie poore soules some parte rent, besides a daily karking and caring to feed thereof, to purge them from their lecs of synne, themselves and families, what happiness might and to sette them in the right pathes of holines they enjoy in Virginia, were men sensible of and righteousnes, to serve the King of Heaven; theis things, where they may have ground for by which meanes and God's holy assistance, no nothing, more than they can manure; reape more doubt they will soone be brought to abandon their fruits and profitts with half the labor, void of many old superstitions and idolatries, wherein they have cares and vexacions, and for their rent a matter of been nursed and trayned from their infancies, and small or no moment, I leave to your singular judg- our greatest adversaries shall not taunt us with this ment and consideracoun, nothing doubting, but reproach," Whom of you have you wonne to chrisHe (who, by his infinite goodnes, with so small tianitie?" What a crowne of glorie shalbe sett means, hath settled these poore and weake begin- upon their heads who shall faithfullie labor herein, nings so happily,) will animate, stirr up and en-I leave to the enjoying of them, who shall endeacourage manie others cheerefully to undertake this worke, and will assuredly add a daily strength to uphold and maintayne what he hath already begun.

Seeing then this languishing action is now brought to this forwardness and strength, no person but is provided for, either by their owne or others labors, to subsist themselves for food, and to be able to ray se commodities for clothing and other necessaries, envy it selfe, poysoned with the venom of aspes, cannot wound it.

vour unfeynedly to meritt the same. Finallie, as Caleb and Joshua in the verie heate of grudgings, murmurings, and assemblies of the children of Israell, stood stoutlie for the Lord's cause, commending the goodnes of the land they discovered, to the faces of their oppressors, and the easines to obtain it even to the perill of their lives, so many right ho'ble and worthie personages, both here and in Virginia, (whom generallie the most parte withdrew themselves, that the action was almost sunck downe in forgetfulnes,) have mightiNow, to drawe to a conclusion of this my poore lie upheld this christian cause-for God, even our oblacon, I would crave your Highnes' patience a owne God, did helpe them. For neither evill relittle longer-and that you would turne your ports, nor slanders, nor murmurings, nor backheart to a more heavenly meditacoun, wherein bitings of others, nor any disaster, did once dismay much joy and comfort is to be reaped and found, or hinder them from upholding thereof with their of all such as shall truly, sincerely and unfeynedly good reports, incouragements, and meanes yearelie seeke to advance the honor of God, and to propa- sent to the planters, to nourish life and being in gate his gospell. There is no small hope by pietie, this zealous worke. I beseech God to raise up clemencie, curtesie and civill demeanor, (by which many more such, so zealous for God's glory, to meanes some are wonne to us alreadie,) to convert forward the same-we have tasted of some fruits and bring to the knowledge and true worship of thereof. There are no great nor strong castles, Jesus Christ thousands of poore, wretched and nor men like the sons of Anack, to hinder our misbelieving people, on whose faces a good chris- quiet possession of that land. God's hand hath tian cannot looke without sorrow, pittie and com- been mightie in the preservacoun thereof hitherto; passion, seing they beare the image of our Hea- what need we then to feare, but to go up at once venlie Creator, and we and they come from one as a peculiar people, marked and chosen by the and the same mould, especiallie we knowing that finger of God, to possess it, for undoubtedly he is they, merely through ignorance of God and Christ, with us. And as for murmurers, slanderers and doe run headlong, yea, with joy, into destruction backsliders, a due porcoun shalbe given them for and perpetuall damnation,-for which knowledge their reward. So the blessings of Caleb and we are the more bound and indebted to Almightie Joshua shall fall upon all those that constantly

persevere to the end. Thus, craving your gracious | Farewell! and when joy is alive in thy bowers,

pardon for my rude boldnes, beseaching God to
send you the fulnes of his blessings in this world
and in the world to come, I rest,

Your highnes' most faithful and loyall subject,
JOHN ROLF.

The nomber of neate cattle, horses and goates,
which were alive in Virginia at Sir Thomas
Dale's departure thence :

"It is Major General Phillips' positive orders, that no part of the property of Col. Theodorick Bland, receive any injury from his Majesty's Troops. J. W. NOBLE,

April 25th, 1781.

Aid de Camp, Major G. Phillips.

"Major General Phillips is very happy to show this favor, on account of Col. Bland Junior's many civilities to the troops of convention, (n) at Charlottville."

The troops still continue at Petersburg, and expect Lord Cornwallis from Halifax, where the van of his army, under Tarleton, is arrived.

It is very clear, without naval aid the enemy will be possessed of the lower country, as the people are tired of the war, and come to the field most reluctantly. This added to our exhausted finances, and bad councils, with a powerful enemy in the country, are prognostics of no favorable complexion. In my last, I touched largely upon the conduct of our Eastern friends, in this day of peril, compared with our conduct to them, in their day of trial. Greene is in South Carolina, but how employed, we are not informed. Before you receive this, it is probable the enemy will have penetrated to Fredericksburg, and have destroyed all the tobacco in their route. I beg to hear if we are to expect any assistance from the eastern confederates, or our allies. If you write, Geo. Nickolson, who is in Philadelphia, will give a ready conveyance to the letter. Jack, who is the only one of my family with me, joins in affectionate regards to Mrs. Bland, and Bob, with your sincere friend, J. BANISTER.

warehouse, their front the morass, opposite to the ware-ther received the following protection from General house, terminating at Blandford bridge, (g) which Dick | Phillips: had taken up as his infantry crossed. This was our last resistance. The enemy advanced in front, their infantry and German Riflemen; against these, our battalion kept up a steady and constant fire, until they were ordered to retreat, which was not until four pieces of cannon from the hill, between Dr. Black's and Mrs. Bolling's, flanked them effectually; they then retreated in order, along the causeway, by the river to Pocahontas bridge, which they took up; but ascending the hill to gain the Heights, by T. Shore's house, (h) the enemy played their cannon with such skill, that they killed and wounded ten of our men. All of the wounded are since dead. Our cannon was served well from Baker's, (i) but the enemy's extreme caution, has prevented our getting an account of their killed and wounded; the former though, it is clear, was not less than fourteen. The latter were sent down the river in their gun-boats. By the way, these gun-boats are of infinite use to the enemy; bringing them up in force to the shallowest landing. They carry from fifty to eighty men. After our militia had gained the hill, they retreated towards Chesterfield court house, where they halted the next day. This little affair shows plainly the militia will fight, and proves that if we had force to have occupied the Heights, they would not with that force have entered the town. In consequence of this action, I was obliged to abandon my house, leaving all to the mercy of the enemy. The enemy, the next day, ordered the inhabitants to move out the tobacco, or the warehouses should be consumed with it. By the exertions of the people, the tobacco was removed, and by the soldiery burnt, and the houses spared, except Cedar-Point, (j) which was put in flames by a soldier without order. The day after this business, the whole army crossed the Appomattox, and then after burning the bridge,* proceeded to Osborne's, (k) and having there destroyed the shipping to a great amount in value and number, and shipped off the tobacco, they marched on to Manchester, where, on Richmond-hill, we remained with a superior force, (I mean to the detachment sent for this purpose,) quiet spectators of the destruction of all the warehouses and tobacco, with several dwelling-houses adjoining. They marched that evening to Osborne's, and on Tuesday, the 31st, they embarked at the Hundred, () and sailed down the river, as far as Burwell's, (m) where upon the arrival of an advice-boat, they all stood up the river, and arrived in the night of last Thursday, again in Petersburg, and I was again obliged to retreat, leaving them in possession of all my estate. They have not as yet burned my mills, but have taken all the bread and flour, to the amount of £800, or £1000-eleven of my best negroes the first time, and now I expect they will get the rest. Your man I sent to Amelia. I believe he is yet safe. Your fa

I begged you, in my last, to send the newspapers. (n) Burgoyne's army captured at Saratoga.

SONG.

WRITTEN IMPROMPTU.

How cold are they who say that Love

Must first be planted in the heart,
And cultured by the hand of Time,

To make its leaves and blossoms start!
No! 'tis a plant that springs at once

Up to its full and perfect form;
Unlike the willow or the oak,

It bends not, breaks not in the storm.

How cold are they who say that Love
Must, like the diamond in the mine,
Be sought with care and polished well
Ere we can see its beauties shine!
No! in the soul's blue Heaven it springs,
With beams that Age can never mar,—
Complete, eternal, brilliant, pure,

As Evening's first, rejoicing star!

P. BENJAMIN.

A LEAF

FROM AN UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT.

BY J. N. REYNOLDS.

Visit to the Volcano of Antuco, in 370 South latitude. Inexhaustible magazine of combustibles, contained in the Andes; Tremendous effects of volcanic action in that region; Return to Los Angelos.

The hollows between these gigantic fragments, are covered to a considerable depth with einders, ashes, and calcined rocks, the surface of which, is slowly crumbling into soil, and becoming capable of vegetation. From east to west the base of the volcano must have been at least fourteen miles in extent. The massive materials grouped within this interval, constitute what may be termed secondary mountains--smooth externally, and clothed with a coarse grass. The sides of the crater, have doubtless, at some remote period, fallen in and smothered the subterranean fire; while the river first making its way over, has afterward worn a deep channel through the wreck. We examined carefully the dismembered ruins, ascended all their clevations, penetrated their lowest depths, and found that

On November 12th, having succeeded in procuring a guide, as well as fresh horses from the neighborhood of Antuco-one of the border villages of the province of Conception, Chili-and provisions for five days, we started for the volcano, which is situated among the Cordilleras, and from whence we were only twenty-from the bed of the stream to the loftiest pinnacle, all five miles distant. The road, stony and irregular, wound for most of the way along the banks of the La Laja, sweeping chiefly through a narrow valley, which afforded few attractive spots for cultivation. The precipices on either side are high and frowning, and the traveller, at each step of his progress, beholds some new and picturesque feature of the volcano opening on his view. Within nine miles of Antuco, we passed an old castle, built in 1810, as an outpost for defence against the mountain Indians, but now in a state of utter dilapidation.

No pen can do justice to the scenery upon which we were now entering. Westward, the valley gradually sank into and was lost in the plain at the base of the mountain; while to the East, the eye grew weary of scaling the stupendous eminences towering one above another, until their summits were "swathed in the stooping clouds."

are composed of the various products of volcanic action tumbled together in the greatest imaginable confusion. While standing on a commanding point of the scorched and vitrified pile, we noticed, still farther in the recesses of the mountain, the mouth of an immense cave. Its position was near the base of the principal ridge and most elevated part of the Andes in Chili-save only the Peak of Descobozado. The opening seemed to be situated about one thousand feet above the source of a mountain stream, tributary to the La Laja, which it joined near the fort in a leap of at least two hundred feet over a perpendicular precipice. From the bottom of this steep, the white foam continually sprang, falling like a shower of snow on the dark foliage of a grove of cedars which overhung the banks of the river.

On the thirteenth of November, we had prepared for an ascent of the volcano; but, as it commenced raining, and thick clouds were veering about the summit, At five o'clock, P. M., we were within a league and we were compelled to defer our expedition. Unwilling a half of the base of the volcano. Here we found to lose the time, however, we set off for the base of quarters for the night, in a little fortress, commanding the main ridge; determined, if possible, to reach and an important pass on the road of Pinchera, the moun-enter the cavern we had descried on the preceding day. tain robber, and occupied by thirty-six men. Such Our route lay eastward, along the margin of an imwere the advantages combined in this post, that even petuous torrent, which dashed downward at an angle with this handful of soldiers, we might, in case of of at least twenty-five degrees. Substances which attack, have set the mountaineers at defiance, however had, like those already adverted to, manifestly been superior in point of numbers. The latter part of the subjected to the action of fervent heat, strewed our evening was not very pleasant, and the higher parts of path in the same singular disorder. Rocks, from one to the mountain being obscured, our prospect was more a thousand tons in weight, lay piled in heaps, probably circumscribed, though still interesting. In ascending as they had alit after being ejected by the convulsive the stream, we had observed for the space of several throes of the laboring mountain. In other places, imleagues, both on elevated positions and in the water, mense hills of Tufee rose before us. All that we saw immense quantities of rounded stones of volcanic origin, indicated the eruptions to have been of ancient date. which we knew could not have been projected from the In some spots considerable soil, vegetation, and even active volcano of Antuco. We had therefore looked several species of trees of large growth, such as the carefully, as we advanced, for the evidence of some ex-rolu, coyque meu, &c., had sprang up from the midst of tinguished crater. On reaching the fort just mentioned, we had discovered that the spot on which it was built, and the land for some distance around, constituted the site of a once glowing abyss, which had long ceased to burn.

The river La Laja, which bursts down from its source with astonishing rapidity, and rushes through a channel of decomposed lava, across the base of the present volcano, seems to divide the old volcanic ruins into two nearly equal parts. On either side of the river, the walls of the ancient chasm yet remain-they are of immense height, and still form auxiliary portions of the main elevation.

desolation.

After toiling on for more than a league, we reached the base of the main ridge, when a scene was presented, on which a connoisseur in volcanoes would certainly have luxuriated. At the head of a stream, formed by the numerous little rivulets, which dash, mingling and foaming, down the sides of the acclivity, is an area of perhaps one hundred acres, perfectly level, without timber, destitute of shrubs or large stones, and covered with grass. Here, evidently, had once been the funnel of a crater. On three sides, the walls of the abyss were still standing, composed of hornblende rock. In many parts, they towered almost perpendicularly, to