thematics; though the example of Mrs. Somerville | a grace and beauty to thought. Every female should, would prove that such studies are far from being unsuit- therefore, endeavor to make herself mistress of this pleased or uncongenial to the female mind. I would divide ing and valuable art. a proper system of female education into two branches, To the branches of education I have mentioned, should the useful and ornamental-on each of which I propose now be added the study of history, connected with to make some cursory remarks. Reading, writing and geography and chronology, which have been justly arithmetic, constitute the foundation and most impor- termed its two eyes. History and geography are almost tant elements of all learning, and those should of course inseparable; the one should always accompany the be first attained. To read and write well is no ordina-other, for they elucidate and render each other interestry accomplishment. Every female should be taught to ing. The advantage of a correct knowledge of generead with correct emphasis and agreeable cadence, avoid-ral history, to both sexes, must be obvious. It supplies ing too great rapidity of utterance on the one hand, and them with food for reflection and conversation, and the a drawling and monotonous manner on the other. It is examples it furnishes may serve to guide them in formnot enough to learn to read, merely to acquire ideas; ing a judgment of men, and the policy of nations. It but an effort should be made to reach, in this, as in the teaches them practical philosophy; for it is philosophy art of penmanship, the highest attainable degree of per- teaching by example; gives experience of the world, fection. The reading of a beautiful passage of poetry and expands and enlightens the mind. History is the or prose, with taste, sensibility and feeling, produces an school of philosophy, the mistress of life. Her precepts agreeable effect on the hearer, and enhances the gratifi- are the precepts of wisdom and virtue; her sphere the cation which its literary merits are calculated to afford. circumference of the world and the circle of time; her Fine penmanship is a most desirable acquisition to principles are the principles of rectitude, and her deducboth sexes. A slovenly hand is as offensive as vulgar- tions the deductions of experience and truth. It is calisms in language; and a female should always strive to culated to amuse the fancy, to improve the understandwrite with grace and elegance, and not to pause till she ing, and to invigorate the sentiments of virtue. The attains excellence in this art. Arithmetic is of more pleasure derived from the perusal of a well written hisimportance, in a course of female education, than is tory, is nearly as great as that from a well written work generally admitted or imagined; and too little attention of imagination, while the utility resulting from the is paid to it by the instructor, as well as the pupil. Wo- former, is much greater. "Works of fiction," says Dr. men in this country are often placed in a situation where Priestly, "resemble those machines which we contrive a knowledge of arithmetic becomes almost indispensa- to illustrate the principles of philosophy; real history ble to their security and success. The cause of its resembles the experiments made by the air pump, or neglect arises from a too general impression that they electrical machine, which exhibits the operations of nawill have no occasion to employ it in the course of life ture, and the God of nature himself." In the study of to which they are destined; but they will find, that in history, the student should endeavor to acquire and rethe ordinary transactions of the world, its utility is tain only that which may be useful and necessary; much greater than they had supposed. To these branches such as a knowledge of the virtues and vices, the genius should follow, or be simultaneously acquired, a know- and character, the laws and customs, the constitution ledge of grammar, which should be carefully studied and policy, the literature, sciences and arts of nations, and well understood, not only with a view to correct and the causes which led to their rise, overthrow or despeaking but to correct composition. It is very offen-cline. The most interesting portion of history, howsive to a well educated mind, to hear a beautiful young ever, is biography, and its study is attended not only woman, or one mingling in genteel society, violating with great advantage, but with satisfaction and pleasure. the ordinary rules of grammar in her common conversation, or to see them violated in her written compositions. It denotes an inattention and carelessness, if not an ignorance or vulgarity, extremely reprehensible. The rules of composition should also claim particular attention, and the art acquired, by frequent practice, as early as possible, as one combining utility and ornament. I know of scarcely any other more useful in the whole structure of female education. To be able, at all times, when required, to convey one's thoughts with fa-cover the causes of their prejudices." Some acquaintcility, and in a neat, appropriate and elegant style, is an attainment which should excite the ambition and stimulate the exertion of every female mind. There is no condition in life in which this useful art may not be exercised with advantage and pleasure. The occasions will be numerous in which facility and skill in epistolary composition, will be required. A writer of distinction has correctly observed, that "the epistolary style deserves to be cultivated more than any other, since none | is of more various and frequent use through the whole subordination of human life." Facility in this species of composition is not only highly useful, but it serves to give a charm to the communications of friendship, and

To open a wider field of usefulness to the female mind, the elements of some of the physical sciences should be acquired,-natural philosophy, botany and chemistry. The former embraces physical geography, astronomy, and natural history. "Astronomy," says Delauze, a French author, "is the foundation of geography, the guide of chronology, and the light of history. It serves not only to determine the position of places and to fix dates; but to rectify the relations of historians and dis

ance with natural history, will be found both useful and interesting. A knowledge of the history and operations of nature, will diminish or destroy the influence of superstition, delusion and error; for

"Nature well known, no prodigies remain." Chemistry also should enter into a system of female education. It developes the various phenomena of nature, illustrates the physiology of vegetable life, and gives to the useful and domestic arts, their greatest power and excellence. "A young lady acquainted with the general principles of chemistry," says the authoress of "Thoughts on Domestic Education,' "could, with increased intelligence and precision, direct many of the domestic.opera

tions of a household; and some knowledge of the laws off patible with the most extensive literary attainments nature, (as developed in natural and experimental philosophy,) would tend to many useful results in the business of private life." Mineralogy might, also, be added, as these two sciences are closely connected; but all that it may be necessary to acquire of both, will be to class and distinguish one mineral from another; to know the component parts and properties of bodies, to be able to analyse them by tests, and to understand their nature, affinities and combinations, and the uses to which they may be applied. But of the physical sciences the most beautiful and alluring is botany. This science affords a source of endless pleasure to its votary, by the beauty it unfolds and the mysteries of nature it developes. Its moral influence is felt by begetting simple tastes, infusing into the mind ideas of order, and into the soul sentiments of benevolence and peace. There is something in this science that seems to assimilate to the female character, and to render it a desirable object of pursuit to the fair sex. To them

"The meanest flower that blows, can give Thoughts that oft lie too deep for tears."

In this beautiful science there is not

"A tree,

A plant, a leaf, a blossom but contains A folio volume. We may read and read, And read again, and still find something new, Something to please and something to instruct." While acquiring a knowledge of the sciences I have mentioned, or before commencing their study, the modern languages might be attended to and learnt. An acquaintance with the French, Italian and Spanish lan- | guages should be attained by every well educated female, as valuable keys to knowledge, and as calculated to render their possessor more useful and fascinating in the various walks of life. German, if desired, might also be added to these; and I should not object to the study of Latin, because its attainment will make her better acquainted with the principles of grammar, and improve and refine her taste and give discipline to her mind. It will not be required that she should labor to make herself a mistress of this language; because, it would demand a longer time than could well be devoted to its attainment; but such an acquaintance with it as would enable her to read Virgil, with tolerable facility, might be useful, in rendering the acquisition of the modern languages more easy and pleasant, and the nomenclature of the sciences less difficult and unintelligible. In studying the modern languages, the learner should not stop short of the power of reading, writing and speaking them with correctness and facility.

or the highest intellectual gifts, and will be found of great value to every woman who may become the mistress of a family. There is much truth in the following remarks, by the authoress of Thoughts on Domestic Education,' from which I have already had occasion to quote: "The first lessons of housewifery should be practiced under the eye of the mother. At fifteen years of age, a girl will know enough of arithmetic to be ready at accounts, and will have sufficient judgment to reason fairly on what she observes. At that age she may occasionally attend her mother in her daily visits to the kitchen and larder. Let her behold the arrangement of household business-the manner of giving di rections-the plan of furnishing supplies. She will thus gradually imbibe a clear conception of all such matters; she will understand the usefulness of method; will find out the usual consumption of a family,-and know what to expect from the industry and what to pardon to the frailty of domestics."

I will now proceed to speak of the second or ornamental branch of female education. Under this division may be classed music, drawing, painting, dancing, and ornamental needle work. No accomplishments are more interesting or fascinating than the three former. They serve to beguile the tedium of solitude, to embellish the circles of society, and to throw around their pos sessor a charm and witchery which few can resist, and with which all must be delighted. In rural retirement, nothing can be more gratifying than the agreeable employment of copying the beauties of nature as they are unfolded to the eye of taste, and transferring the rich and varied tints of the landscape, or the more gaudy and flaunting beauties of the vegetable kingdom. The female who cultivates this fine art will never be at a loss for amusement or occupation. Every thing around her furnishes a model; and after she has exhausted all "the old," she can still imagine "new worlds" for the display of her pictorial skill, and by the magic of her pencil can "give to airy nothings, a local habitation and a name." If tired with this delightful occupation, she can resort to one equally charming and effective in calling up the most exquisite associations, and producing those sounds which fall upon the ear “like the sweet south upon a bank of violets, stealing and giving odor.”

Music, both instrumental and vocal, should be acquired. The latter, Dr. Rush thinks should never be neglected in the education of a female. "Besides preparing her," he says, "to join in that part of public worship which consists in psalmody, it will enable her to soothe the cares of domestic life-and even the sorrows that will sometimes intrude into her own bosom may be relieved by a song, where sound and sentiment unite to act upon the mind." This eminent physician entertained the opinion derived from the experience his profession afforded—“ that the exercise of the organs of the breast by singing, contributed very much to defend

There is another important branch of female education, which I think has been and still is too much neglected, from its being absurdly considered as degrading to, and unworthy of the character of a lady. I mean a knowledge of the domestic concerns of a family. In the proper management of a household, the future wife cannot be too early initiated. To know how to superin- | them from those diseases to which the climate and other tend and direct the affairs of a family with judicious causes exposed them. The Germans are seldom afflicskill and ability; to be able, when necessary, to give ted with consumptions, nor have I ever known but one her personal aid, is a species of knowledge that every instance of spitting blood among them." This he attrifemale, in this country, whatever may be the rank or butes to the strength which their lungs acquire by beaffluence of her parents or her own expectations, shoulding frequently exercised in vocal music. There is a endeavor to obtain. Skill in the use of the needle, and charm in music that few can resist. It is difficult to the management of the household, is not at all incom-conceive the fascination which surrounds a woman to

whom nature has given a fine voice, and who has acquired skill in music. Mere personal beauty is lost in the charm which music infuses, and the senses are often taken captive by the "melody of sweet sounds." The heart forgets its hatreds and the feelings lose their bitterness and asperity under the influence of heavenly harmony.

the judgment and experience of the literary friends whom she may consult. But I cannot, while on this subject, omit to impress upon the minds of young women the necessity of reading, if they are read at all, the works which issue in such profusion from the press, under the designation of romances, novels and tales, with great caution. The tendency of most of these productions is pernicious, by begetting a morbid sensibility, false notions of life, a distempered imagination, and a disrelish for graver and more useful works. History, biography, voyages, and travels, &c., should engross the most of the time she can devote to reading; and from that source, with the best literary periodicals of the day, both foreign and domestic, and the works of the most eminent poets of all nations, whose language she understands, she will derive a larger fund of knowledge, greater acquaintance with the world, and more abundant topics of conversation-the great charm of so

Dancing, the "poetry of motion," is also an accomplishment which, by contributing to the grace and health of the body and the flow of the animal spirits, should not be neglected. The natural buoyancy of the young mind, and the pleasure derived from motion, will induce the young of both sexes to acquire this art, and it is, therefore, scarcely necessary to recommend its attainment. Women seem to have a kind of natural propensity for dancing, and usually excel in it. But to much excellence in this art, it is necessary to receive early instruction, which is now accessible to most young women. Connected with this accomplish-cial intercourse. The society of a female whose mind ment is the art of riding on horseback, which as it likewise conduces to the vigor and grace of the body, and to promote health, should not be neglected by any who have an opportunity to acquire it. To be able to manage a horse and to sit with ease in the sad-appropriate duties in society, and be happier in herself, dle, is a desirable accomplishment to both men and wo- and the source of greater happiness to others. men, and will be found agreeable and salutary. Every August, 1839. female should labor to attain grace in her attitudes and motion. She should endeavor to be like Venus, dea apparuit motu. This may be accomplished by the arts of dancing and riding, of which I have just spoken. The French women estimate grace as a paramount beauty, and often repeat the line of La Fontaine,

"Et la grace plus belie encore que la beaute."

The ancients seemed to have considered it inseparable from beauty; for Venus is never made to appear unaccompanied by the three Graces.

Tapestry, embroidery, and other ornamental needle work, are different sources of amusement, and serve to fill up a solitary hour agreeably. They give employment to the fingers, tend to vary the amusements of life, and may be useful in adversity, as affording means of support. The leisure moments of women are, from her condition in society, necessarily numerous; and the more her resources are multiplied, the more her happiness is promoted. These, however, are mere tributaries. The highest and most enduring source of happiness will be found in religion, which will be her friend in prosperity, and her support and consolation in adversity, and should be early and deeply implanted in the female heart. "Christianity," says an American writer, "is itself full of grace. It is a refiner of the heart; it imparts correctness of perception, delicacy of sentiment, and all those nicer shades of thought and feeling which constitute elegance of mind. Women imbibe more deeply the spirit of religion, when they carry its charm into the detail of life; when they are fascinating as well as faithful, and agreeable as well as good."

I shall not attempt, in this brief essay, to lay down the proper course of reading to be pursued by a young woman, after she has acquired the elements of knowledge I have endeavored to point out for her attainment. This would require more time and space than have been allotted to this essay, and will, after all, be regulated by the good sense and taste of the young lady, and

has been thus cultivated and improved, will be eagerly sought and enjoyed by the virtuous and intelligent of the other sex. She will be fitted for the sphere in which she should revolve; be better prepared to discharge her

THE DYING SWAN;

A FABLE OF HERDEIS.*

G. W.

The Eagle's flight my state might well refuse-
I who, white-rocking on the lulling tide,
A living ship to cleave its waters glide-

I who, with dazzling neck and feathery snow,
Gleam o'er the wave, or seek the world below-
But thee, oh! Philomel! I envy thee,
When, spell-bound, loitering on the shining sea,
Slowly my waves along the deep are driven,
And bathe me raptured in the beams of Heaven-
How would I sing thee, Golden Evening Sun!
How breathe thy beauty and my bliss as one-
How in the mirror where thy blushes lie,
Plunge with a fatal joy, and gladly die!"

Even as he spake, the bright swan dived below,
Lighting the dim waves with his gleamy snow,
Piercing, with curving neck, the clear blue main,
To rear him sparkling from its deeps again.
But, as he rises, lo! with gentle lure,

A shape resplendent calls him to the shore.

and is as short as it is beautiful. To the translation alone belong The German prose original affords only the simple outline, "slow length," and an attempt at ornament.

Even as he looks, the happy bird is won,
And hastes to greet the God of evening's sun.
"Hail, loveliest Swan!" the beamy Phoebus said-
And o'er his lips the light of kindness played-
"The prayer which, nourished in thy burning breast,
Only the worship of thy sighs confessed,
Apollo grants-by love deferred so long-
The hour is come-the hour that yields thee song!"
He touched the mute adorer with his lyre,
And woke the utterance of its hidden fire-
Enrapturing tones the Swan's soft breast pervade,
And lo! the minstrel of the sea is made.

Glowing with joy, he pours a godlike song-
Grateful he breathes a tribute warm and strong-
He sings the evening splendor of the sun-
The fires which thence the glancing sea hath won-
His own pure life, whose calm and happy flow
Is bright as streams that glitter as they go;—
Soft as his graceful form the lore-breathed lay,
And long and sleepy waves its charm obey,
Follow the gliding Swan with liquid roll,
Or, charged with music, faint on beach and shoal.
But soft!-as melts in song the sea-bird's heart,

A change-and lo! Elysium hears his art.
Still at Apollo's feet he weaves the strain,
So long desired, nor now desired in vain,

Since even the melody to life denied
To hymn his loftier state is now supplied.
All blest, he listens to immortal lays,

Even whilst a God's bright smile returns his gaze-
He rests adoring at Apollo's feet-

But, hark! what music renders mourning sweet?
What lay o'erburdened with the heart's excess,
Wakes his own soul to equal tenderness?
What gleamy shape of snow-light glides serene
Through the still glory of the immortal scene?
'Tis the companion of his ocean home-
'Tis she, more dazzling than that ocean's foam-
Pouring the wild song, blent of joy and grief,
That gave her voice, when Phoebus sent relief,
And bade the sad one in that anguished lay
Float to Elysium from the world away!

And Innocence beholds-the goddess bright,
Whose heavenly beauty clothes itself in light—
She sees and claims, with loving heart, the pair-
Most happy they, to own her sacred care!—
To catch the glory of her smile from far,
Or through the blue waves guide her pearly car,
What time, descending to its waters free,
She bathes her young limbs in the glowing sea!

MORAL.

Patience and hope-all silent as thou art,
Thou of long griefs and trials—steadfast heart!
Await in calm and trust, nor yet repine
That Heaven in love conceals its high design-
Secure that all which warmed thy wishes here,
Shall be thine own in dying-and more dear.

HINTS.

T. H. E.

Show your equals candor-your inferiors civilityyour superiors respect.

LECTURES ON PHRENOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION.

BY GEO. COMBE, ESQ.

Reported for the New Yorker.

LECTURE IV.

PHILOPROGENITIVENESS.

This organ is situated on each side the mesial line immediately above the cerebellum, and corresponds to the protuberance of the occiput. Gall remarked, that in the human race the occiput is in general more prominent in the female skull than in the male, and he inferred the brain lying beneath to be the organ of some faculty which is stronger in women than in men-but of what faculty he knew not. At length he noticed the correspond. ing part of the monkey's head to be similar in this respect to woman's, and he concluded it to be the probable seat of some faculty which is strong both in women and these animals. For a long time he tried without success to ascertain what the faculty could be, till one day during a lecture it occurred to him that monkeys were exceedingly fond of young, and the thought flashed upon his mind that this might be the long-sought faculty. He dismissed his class, retired immediately to his cabinet, and found that the female skull exceeded the male in this part throughout all species of animals. He now pursued his obser vations with vigor, which ended in the full establishment of the organ as that which gives attachment to children.

This feeling has been confounded with that of benevolence, but it is often large when benevolence is very small, and small when benevolence is very large. When large, it renders the office of rearing children pleasant, nay, delightful, even when they belong to others. Sir Walter Scott remarks, that among children there is a sort of freemasonry by which they detect almost instantly those who pay attention to them merely that they may be pleasing to the parents, and that they recognize by intuition those who take real pleasure in their society.

This faculty is frequently abused; people often pamper and spoil children instead of training them rationally. They forget that this feeling is not so much a virtue as a reward; that it is a blind feeling; indeed, all the propensities are blind-and by proving this, Phrenology will confer one of its greatest boons on

man.

This faculty sometimes takes an interesting direction. In the United States, all ladies who have arrived at adult age seem to be married ; but in my own country, this (alas!) is not the case; and among unmarried ladies we see the amiable feeling now under consideration lavished upon lap-dogs, cats or birds; these delightful and interesting little animals being used as substitutes for children. This practice is often ridiculed; but recollect that it is the manifestation of a feeling, which, under more favorable circumstances, would have rendered them excellent and devoted mothers.

The difference between male and female skulls is distinguishable at the earliest age. That of the male is the broadest; that of the female the longest. Owing to the greater size of this organ, the manifestations correspond. The girl, as soon as she can walk, wants her doll, whereas the boy seldom cares for such a plaything he wants his whip and top.

Dr. Gall knew instances of ladies who never took any interest whatever in their children, though they tenderly loved their husbands. I found it difficult to realize this fact till I met with a case precisely similar. A lady in Edinburgh used to send her children away from home to be reared and educated, and never cared about seeing them till they were grown up, when she treated them, not as children, but as friends and companions. I was not sufficiently acquainted with her to examine her head, but a lady of my acquaintance, who was an excellent Phrenologist, did so, and found the organ to be uncommonly small. Her head appeared truncated behind.

It is a remarkable ordination of nature that this feeling bears a reference to the weakness and helplessness of its objects rather than to any other of their physical or moral qualities. A lady of this city told me that the very stupidity of a daughter three or

Affectation is the aiming to seem to be what you are four years of age strongly excited her affection. not. Avoid it.

C. C.

In twenty-nine women who committed child-murder, twenty

five had the organ very small. It may be thought from this that its absence leads to infanticide; recollect, however, that you can never bring a positive out of a negative. The murder depends upon certain exciting causes, operating on a peculiar organization. Were this feeling strong, it would supply a powerful restraining motive.

Here is the skull of a negro; this of a Scotch highlander; this of a Charib from the island of St. Vincent; see how largely the organ is developed-and these people strikingly manifest love of children. When at Brussels, I was talking with a woman

and then she threw back her head and pressed it toward the neck as close as possible, repeating the same action several times. It would have formed a most beautiful subject for a painter. The great painters of Italy noticed the same expression, and in their representations of the murder of the innocents, they place the bereft mothers with their heads thrown back and the extreme of agony depicted in their faces.

CONCENTRATIVENESS.

This organ is situated immediately above Philoprogenitiveness, and below Self-Esteem. I shall not occupy much time upon it. concerning the behavior of the Scotch highlanders. She said Spurzheim, from observing it large in animals fond of dwelling they were as gentle and affectionate in the house as they were in one place, called it Inhabitiveness. I observe persons whose brave in the field, and that they were very fond of children. See what a large development in the skull of the poet Burns-and thoughts, like clouds, come and go without regularity-whose sentences have succession without relation. In them I have found how beautifully is the feeling manifested in his poetry! In the Esquimaux it is very large; here is a specimen. Captain Parry remarkable for continuity of thought, and for the natural rela the organ very small. I observed others, of less mental capacity, says that love of children is almost the only amiable feeling they tionship existing between the successive subjects of their conmanifest. He met a party of them without food and almost dyversation. In these I have found the organ large. It appeared ing with hunger; he relieved them, and the first thing they did was to feed their children, not attending to their own wants till the little ones were fully satisfied.

The superiority of the feeling in females is beautifully exemplified in a story told by Morier, in his Persian travels. The small-pox was very destructive in Persia, and the surgeons of the embassy commenced vaccinating. The women took their children in crowds. The priests disliked this, but wishing to put it down without appearing to do so, and being well skilled in human nature, they got government to put ferashes at the ambassador's gate, under the pretence of doing him honor, but in reality to prevent women from bringing their children. They said the fathers, and not the mothers, must bring them. This produced a remarkable decrease in the amount of applications. This organ is sometimes diseased. Mental derangement is one of those subjects on which Phrenology throws a flood of Jight. Afflictions of the mind, by reason of men's ignorance, have been a source of immense anxiety and maltreatment. People have known not what to do. Sometimes terrified, sometimes horrified, sometimes mystified, they have had no idea that it was the disease of a material organ, which was probably in a state of exalted action, and which, like inflammation of the eye, might be got rid of by a proper remedial course. A woman attended by Dr. Combe had intense pain in this organ, attended by great anxiety about her children. Under proper treatment, the pain and anxiety diminished simultaneously. I saw a wo man in

lunatic asylum in whom this organ was very large, and whose sole anxiety seemed about her children. She thought they had been stolen ; and she uttered the most piercing shrieks and plaintive moans. She fell on her knees to the superintendent, and implored him to restore them, with a depth of feeling which I could not have thought it possible to express.

A lady of New York, in whom this organ is very large, told me that she frequently dreams of children. She described one dream which imparted to her the most exquisite delight, in which she seemed to have her whole lap full of babies, which were smiling, sprawling, raising their hands, and tossing about in the most interesting manner imaginable.

to me, therefore, that its function is to keep two or more organs in continuous and simultaneous activity. Dr. Hoppe and the Rev. Dr. Welsh agreed with me in this view. I have already mentioned that I noticed some years ago a convolution of the brain running from the region of this organ near the base of the cleft between the two cerebral hemispheres and terminating in the anterior lobe, and that Dr. Solly has since proved this to be a commissure.

Dr. Vimont of Paris has made some observations which, if established, will reconcile the views of Dr. Spurzheim and my. self. Having directed his attention to birds which live on fish, and which hover over water, watch with intense fixedness and then dart downward as though they were arrows rather than living beings, and having compared them with ducks and other such animals which practice no such concentrated watchfulness and action, he found in the first a great development of the lower part of this region, and in the others great deficiency. This he calls Concentrativeness. He found that this organ did not occupy the whole space, but left a region immediately above it and below Self-Esteem, which, he is convinced, appertains to the pretty well satisfied that it is, then are Dr. Spurzheim's views faculty of Inhabitiveness. If this view be correct, and I am and my own reconciled.

ADHESIVENESS.

This organ is situated at the middle of the parectal bone, on each side of the lower part of Cor.centrativeness and the upper part of Philoprogenitiveness. Dr. Gall was requested to mould the head of a lady who was a model of friendship. He did so, and found two large symmetrical protuberances, one on each side. The lady had suffered great mutations of fortune. She had been rich, and then poor-again rich, and again poor; but amid all these changes she remained firmly attached to her friends. The idea naturally suggested itself that this part might be the organ of the disposition to attachment. Many subsequent observations confirmed the conjecture.

skull of a Swiss, in which all three are very large.

You will seldom find this organ in an isolated protuberant state. Its large size is generally indicated by the breadth and fullness of this region. Compare these two skulls: this is the I now come to what is called the Natural Language of the Organs. Up to this time you will perhaps grant that I have been skull of an Esquimaux in which Amativeness and Philoprogentalking with a show, at least, of reason; but now you will pro-itiveness are very large, and Adhesiveness small; this is the bably set me down as fanciful and absurd. I am prepared for this; but I doubt not that you will acknowledge its truth before the end of the course; for as most of you have some predominant organ, and as each organ has a language of its own, though you may think my description of the natural language of those organs in which you are weak to be ridiculous, you will recog nize the language of your own strong organs, and be convinced that there is something in it after all.

The law of action, as laid down by Gall, is, that the motions are all in the direction of the seat of the organs. That natural language does exist all will allow when they reflect, that by mien, walk and gesture the actors of pantomime are enabled to operate powerfully on the feelings without uttering a word. The natural tendency of Philoprogenitiveness is to throw the head backward.

Near Manchester I saw a young woman bring her husband's breakfast to him and sit by the road-side till he ate it, spending the time in caressing her child. Her whole manner was expres. sive of the highest delight. She kissed and fondled the infant,

Those in whom this organ is large feel the instinctive tendency to embrace and cling to the object of their affections. Boys manifest it by their attachment to dogs and rabbits, and in girls, to the feeling of Philoprogenitiveness it adds the hug of affection which they bestow upon their dolls. I have seen the poet Moore, and know this organ to be very large in him, and his poetry breathes its very spirit:

"The heart, like a tendril accustomed to cling,
Let it grow where it will cannot flourish alone;
But will lean to the nearest and loveliest thing
It can twine with itself and make closely its own."
Again-how it glows in the following lines!-
"The heart that has truly loved, never forgets,
But as truly loves on to the close;

As the sun-flower turns on her god when he sets,
The same look which she turn'd when he rose."

In general this organ is larger and the faculty stronger in woman than in man; and the extreme ardor and constancy of