Critique of Pure Reason

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Hackett Publishing, 01‏/01‏/1996 - 1030 من الصفحات

Like Werner Pluhar's distinguished translation of Critique of Judgment (Hackett Publishing Co., 1987), this new rendering of Critique of Pure Reason reflects the elegant achievement of a master translator. This richly annotated volume offers translations of the complete texts of both the First (A) and Second (B) editions, as well as Kant's own notes. Extensive editorial notes by Werner Pluhar and James Ellington supply explanatory and terminological comments, translations of Latin and other foreign expressions, variant readings, cross-references to other passages in the text and in other writings of Kant, and references to secondary works. An extensive bibliography, glossary, and detailed index are included.

Patricia Kitcher's illuminating Introduction provides a roadmap to Kant's abstract and complex argumentation by firmly locating his view in the context of eighteenth-century--and current--attempts to understand the nature of the thinking mind and its ability to comprehend the physical universe.

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Translators Preface
xvii
Introduction by Patricia Kitcher
xxv
Motto 23
2
Preface to the Second Edition
15
PART I
16
Table of Contents for the First Edition
41
1
43
Philosophy Needs a Science That Will
48
The Paralogisms of Pure Reason First Edition
387
The Paralogisms of Pure Reason Second Edition
424
The Antinomy of Pure Reason
442
Antithetic of Pure Reason
454
On the Interest of Reason in This Its Conflict
486
Reason Insofar as They Must Absolutely
496
Skeptical Presentation of the Cosmological
502
Critical Decision of the Cosmological Dispute
510

All Theoretical Sciences of Reason Contain
55
Section I
76
Part I
84
Section II
85
Section I
90
8
94
Concluding the Transcendental Aesthetic
104
DIVISION I
117
Section II
123
On the Deduction of the Pure Concepts
141
Section II First Edition
150
Section III First Edition
164
Section II Second Edition
175
Apperception Is the Supreme Principle for
180
Result of This Deduction of the Concepts
201
On the Schematism of the Pure Concepts
209
Part II
214
System of All Principles of Pure
220
Systematic Presentation of All the Synthetic
229
On the Basis of the Distinction of All Objects
303
APPENDIX On the Amphiboly of Concepts of Reflection
323
Reflection
329
TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC
346
On Ideas As Such
361
On Transcendental Ideas
367
viii
379
ON THE DIALECTICAL INFERENCES OF PURE
380
The Ideal of Pure Reason 560
381
Pure Reasons Regulative Principle Regarding
517
Division I
522
On the Empirical Use of the Regulative
524
Solution of the Cosmological Idea of Totality
535
Solution of the Cosmological Idea of Totality
553
On the Transcendental Ideal prototypon
563
On Speculative Reasons Bases of Proof
572
On the Impossibility of an Ontological Proof
578
Illusion in All Transcendental Proofs of
595
Division II
602
Critique of Any Theology Based
609
II
610
APPENDIX TO THE TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC
617
TRANSCENDENTAL DOCTRINE OF METHOD
663
Chapter I
665
The Discipline of Pure Reason in Regard
687
Satisfaction of Pure Reason as Disunited with
701
The Discipline of Pure Reason in Regard
709
The Discipline of Pure Reason in Regard
718
Chapter II
728
Our Reason
730
Chapter III
755
Chapter IV
771
Selected Bibliography
775
Glossary
815
Index
843
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نبذة عن المؤلف (1996)

The greatest of all modern philosophers was born in the Baltic seaport of Konigsberg, East Prussia, the son of a saddler and never left the vicinity of his remote birthplace. Through his family pastor, Immanuel Kant received the opportunity to study at the newly founded Collegium Fredericianum, proceeding to the University of Konigsberg, where he was introduced to Wolffian philosophy and modern natural science by the philosopher Martin Knutzen. From 1746 to 1755, he served as tutor in various households near Konigsberg. Between 1755 and 1770, Kant published treatises on a number of scientific and philosophical subjects, including one in which he originated the nebular hypothesis of the origin of the solar system. Some of Kant's writings in the early 1760s attracted the favorable notice of respected philosophers such as J. H. Lambert and Moses Mendelssohn, but a professorship eluded Kant until he was over 45. In 1781 Kant finally published his great work, the Critique of Pure Reason. The early reviews were hostile and uncomprehending, and Kant's attempt to make his theories more accessible in his Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics (1783) was largely unsuccessful. Then, partly through the influence of former student J. G. Herder, whose writings on anthropology and history challenged his Enlightenment convictions, Kant turned his attention to issues in the philosophy of morality and history, writing several short essays on the philosophy of history and sketching his ethical theory in the Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785). Kant's new philosophical approach began to receive attention in 1786 through a series of articles in a widely circulated Gottingen journal by the Jena philosopher K. L. Reinhold. The following year Kant published a new, extensively revised edition of the Critique, following it up with the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), treating the foundations of moral philosophy, and the Critique of Judgment (1790), an examination of aesthetics rounding out his system through a strikingly original treatment of two topics that were widely perceived as high on the philosophical agenda at the time - the philosophical meaning of the taste for beauty and the use of teleology in natural science. From the early 1790s onward, Kant was regarded by the coming generation of philosophers as having overthrown all previous systems and as having opened up a whole new philosophical vista. During the last decade of his philosophical activity, Kant devoted most of his attention to applications of moral philosophy. His two chief works in the 1790s were Religion Within the Bounds of Plain Reason (1793--94) and Metaphysics of Morals (1798), the first part of which contained Kant's theory of right, law, and the political state. At the age of 74, most philosophers who are still active are engaged in consolidating and defending views they have already worked out. Kant, however, had perceived an important gap in his system and had begun rethinking its foundations. These attempts went on for four more years until the ravages of old age finally destroyed Kant's capacity for further intellectual work. The result was a lengthy but disorganized manuscript that was first published in 1920 under the title Opus Postumum. It displays the impact of some of the more radical young thinkers Kant's philosophy itself had inspired. Kant's philosophy focuses attention on the active role of human reason in the process of knowing the world and on its autonomy in giving moral law. Kant saw the development of reason as a collective possession of the human species, a product of nature working through human history. For him the process of free communication between independent minds is the very life of reason, the vocation of which is to remake politics, religion, science, art, and morality as the completion of a destiny whose shape it is our collective task to frame for ourselves. Werner S. Pluhar is Affiliate Professor of Philosophy, Pennsylvania State University, Fayette.

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