the strongest exception to the last, viz. The National Church of a Democratic State, by Spencer L. Holland, B.A., Christ Church, Oxford. Such statements as the following: 'The Church's trust is a public one, as is that of the railway companies' (p. 240); The sole question for the State is, Has the Church broken its trust ?' (ibid.) ; The Irish Church had . . . palpably failed in its main purpose [!!] of protestantizing Romanists' (ibid.), are, to our thinking, incompatible with any right conception of a Church in general, or of the Church of England in particular.
As usual at this time of the year we are flooded with Tales and Illustrated Books which form the paraphernalia of Christmas, and with which it is quite impossible for us to keep pace. Our good friends at Northumberland Avenue have been very lavish in their supplies, and we are bound to admit that the quality of these supplies is exceptionally good. It may perhaps be asked what relation these Tales bear to that Christian Knowledge which is the Society's raison d'être. And the answer, we suppose, would be that they help to keep out of parochial libraries works of fiction which certainly promote the knowledge of the devil more than that of Christianity. Be this as it may, we wish to recommend most highly such books as Swanford Bridge; Jud, by Helen Shiptone; Dr. Maynard's Daughter, by E. M. Lane; A Garland of Seven Lilies, by M. Linskill; Ursula's Fortune, by Esmè Stuart; and The Church in the Valley, by E. H. Mitchell. They will hold their own as well as any of the books of fiction which issue from Mr. Mudie's establishment in point of interest, and are probably far more wholesome reading. Of a slighter kind, and no doubt intended for a different class of readers, are such books as Aunt Edna; The Two Homes; Hall Court, by the Hon. Fenella Armytage; Chimney Park, or Mrs. Carter's Comings;' How Bill Sims Honoured his Father, by A. W.; Jack Dome's Inheritance, by F. B. Milne, and Mike and his Brother Ben; in which last we are glad to read such words as the following: Every sin now is done against your Baptismal vows-you take no fresh ones at your Confirmation; but you do receive increased help to keep them' (p. 59)—words which would do no harm if they found their way into certain Episcopal Confirmation Addresses we could mention. Indeed, the whole story seems intended to illustrate the 'help' given in this way by Confirmation, which becomes the turning-point in the lives of three of the characters. No author's name is affixed to this little book, which, for aught we know, may be a first effort. It exhibits force in reserve, and refinement of feeling, which are always hopeful indications of latent power. We trust the S. P. C. K. may be so fortunate as to secure further contributions from the same pen.
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In publishing a cheap reprint of The Likeness of Christ: being an Enquiry into the Verisimilitude of the received Likeness of our Blessed Lord, by the late Thomas Heaphy, edited by Wyke Bayliss (London, 1886), the Society has exercised a wholesome discretion in prefixing a disclaimer of all responsibility for Mr. Heaphy's opinions, especially as regards the antiquity of the works of art. The book may prove attractive by reason of its illustrations, valeant quantum valeant. But
its archæological value is, in our judgment, infinitesimally small. Another illustrated book, issued by the same Society and entitled The Holy Child, sixteen coloured illustrations by Paul Mohu (London, 1886), seems to us as bad as bad can be. The gulf which divides vulgar modern conceits from the accredited traditions of religious art of the best ages is here seen at its worst.
In the matter of wholesome fiction, J. Nisbet and Co. would run the S.P.C.K. very hard, if it were not that the Church tone is distinctly lower. We have received from these publishers the following tales, which may be thoroughly recommended for domestic or parochial libraries, and for youthful readers of either sex :-Enid's Silver Bond, and Five Thousand Pounds, by Agnes Giberne ; A Tale of Oughts and Crosses, by Darby Dale; The Roses of Ringwood, by Emma Marshall; Gran,' by E. A. B. D.; Red Rooney, and The Prairie Chief, by R. M. Ballantyne, a writer of whom boys never seem to tire.
To turn, in conclusion, from the 'Christmas books' and from works of fiction to publications more distinctly within the scope of the Church Quarterly Review, we should be glad if any words of ours could induce our readers to give encouragement and support to an excellent Church paper printed and published at West Hartlepool under the title of the Weekly Churchman and Home Reunion News. The proprietor is a working man, won over to the Church from Wesleyanism. He started this paper about two years ago with the object of training his own class in the principles and history of the Church, as well as recording for their instruction the current news of the Church's doings and prospects. Among the literary arrangements for 1887 we observe the names of Earl Nelson, Miss Yonge, the Rev. C. W. Worlledge, and others of like repute as Churchmen and authors. The subscription for the 'best edition' is only 10s. per annum, post free; ordinary edition, 6s. 6d. The name and address of the proprietor is G. W. Wardman, West Hartlepool, to whom subscriptions may be sent.
The January number of the London Diocesan Magazine (London: Griffith, Farran, Okeden, and Welsh, 1887) is a great step in advance, and augurs well for its success in the future. There is an excellent paper on 'Some Guilds of our Forefathers,' by G. A. S. If the writer had chosen to go still further back he would have found (as he probably quite well knew) that the cradle of the Guild is to be sought for in the Collegia of ancient Rome.
As we go to press, Bosworth's Clerical Guide and Ecclesiastical Directory (London: Hamilton, Adams, and Co.) for 1887 reaches us. Of all books of the kind this is certainly the most compact. The editor has made every effort to squeeze in as much useful information about the clergy and their benefices as was possible within the limits of a handy volume.
ALLARD, M. Paul, Histoire des
persécutions pendant la pre-
mière moitié du troisième siècle,
500
Ambrosian Breviary, an account of
the, 83 sqq.; why the Ambrosian
Use was maintained, 84; details
of a typical Nocturn Service, 85
sq.; the order for Lauds on Sun-
days, 87; on week days, 89; Ves-
pers on a festival, ib.; Vespers
of the season, 91; the Lucerna-
rium, 92; the Lesser Hours, ib. ;
the Ambrosian ecclesiastical year,
92 sqq.; Feriæ de exceptato,'
93; the Christophoria,' ib.; Lent
and Passiontide, ib.; Holy-days,
and the method of ranking them,
94; rules of precedence of festi-
vals, 95; first and second Ves-
pers, 96; the recitation of the
Psalter, 97; the numeration of
the Psalms, 97 n.; Psalmi di-
recti' and 'Four-versed Psalms,'
98; Psalms for Holy Week, 99 ;
'proper Psalms' for various feasts,
100; the lesson-system, 100 sqq.;
5;
lessons from the Scriptures, IOI ;
proper lessons for feasts, ib.; com-
parison of the Ambrosian lesson-
system with the Roman and the
Benedictine, 102; fragments of
an older lesson-system, 103; two
principles of arrangement in the
Ambrosian Breviary, 104; the
original system, 105; cause of
the introduction of O. T. Canti-
cles, 106; original place of the
Magnificat, 107 n.; comparison
of the Mozarabic, Ambrosian, and
Bangor Services, 108; Ambrosian
and Mozarabic Vespers, 109; the
Ambrosian Liturgy originally a
Gallican one, 110; curiosities of
the Use, III
Apocalypse, the spiritual signifi-
cance of the review of Professor
Milligan's work, The Revelation
of S. John, 412 sqq.; character
of the work, 413; the authorship
of the Apocalypse, 414; corre-
spondence in plan with that of
the Fourth Gospel, 415; date of
the Apocalypse, 416; Dr. West-
cott's opinion, 417; the identifi-
cation of the Beast, 418 n. ; three
methods of historical interpreta-
tion of the book, 419; a fourth
method: spiritual interpretation,
420; the symbolic character of
the numbers used, 421; the sym-
bols are Jewish, ib.; the influ-
ences which moulded the concep-
tion of the Apocalypse, 422; our
Lord's discourse on the Mount
of Olives, 423; spiritual interpre-
tation most consistent with the
spirit of true prophecy, 424; this
method justifies each and all the
various interpretations, 425 sqq.;
but the spiritual interpretation is
not free from difficulty, 428
Apparent Failure no prejudice to
the Victory of the Church: re-
view of Mr. Lilly's Ancient Reli-
gion and
and Modern Thought,
398 sqq.; the good points and
the dangers of the work, 399;
what Mr. Lilly means by a teach-
ing Church, 400 sq.; the classi-
fication of truths: axiomatic,
probable conclusions, and specu-
lative theories, 402; how the
English Church treats these, ib. ;
the criterion of a doctrine neces-
sary to salvation, 403; Mr. Lilly
confounds the teaching and de-
fining offices of the Church, 404;
the doctrine of S. Augustine, 405;
teaching by demonstration better
than teaching by denunciation,
406; the Church was founded to
carry out our Lord's work, 407;
Christ was made sin for us, 408;
evils, doctrinal and moral, in the
Church, ib.; the Church must do
her Master's work in her Master's
way, 409; apparent failure is
God's path to success, 410; mean-
ing of the gates of hell shall
not prevail against' the Church,
410 sq.; the faults we seem to
discern in her are the faults of
those whom she embraces, 411
Aubé, M. B., L'Église et l'Etat dans
la seconde moitié du III siècle
(249–294), 230
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ANTERBURY, Archbishop of,
Communings of a Day, 253
Cazenove, Rev. Dr., Historic As-
pects of the à priori Argument
concerning the Being and Attri-
butes of God, 493
Chester, Bishop of, Primary Visi-
tation Charge of, 494
Christmas Books, &c., 515
Church Doctrine, Lectures on, by
various writers, 254
Church Reform Union, criticism of
the programme of the, I sqq.
Church, Very Rev. Dean, Advent
Sermons, 1885, 222
Clerke, Miss, A Popular History
of Astronomy during the Nine-
teenth Century, 226
Compulsory Clergy Pensions, 196
sqq.; Mr. Sadler's views on the
need of a Widows and Orphans
Fund, 197; the reasons why the
Committee on Clergy Pensions
excluded such a provision, 198
sq.; two objects of the Clergy
Pensions Institution, the interest
of the clergy, and the interests of
the Church, 200; the need for
the removal of aged and worn-
out incumbents is fitly met by
the pension fund, 201 sq.; the
fund is not a charitable dole, but
a new endowment, 203; only the
unbeneficed share in the 'extra-
neous fund,' 204; Mr. Sadler's
estimate of the financial pro-
spects of the Institution, 204; the
investment of its funds, 205; Mr.
Sadler's Widows and Orphans
scheme is certainly desirable,
though not yet practicable, 206
Confirmation, the age for, 52 sqq.;
varying practice of the English
Bishops, 53; objections to a late
standard of age, 54; statistics of
actual and possible candidates,
55; table of percentage of candi-
dates to population in the several
dioceses, 56; analytic considera-
tion thereof, 57; grounds for de-
siring an earlier standard of age,
58 sqq.; the unsacramental theory
of Confirmation, ib. ; among the
English Puritans, 59; the Prayer
Book of 1662, 60; Confirmation
is not the mere renewal of bap-
tismal vows, 61; notice of a
Jewish practice, 62; the laying
on of hands, and the old use of
the chrism, 63 ; the 'Seal of the
Lord,' 64; patristic evidence on
Confirmation, 65; the special
grace of Confirmation, 66; the
complement of Baptism, 67 sqq.;
the nature and end of Confirma-
tion suggest an earlier age for its
administration, 69; practice of
the primitive Church, 70 sq.; of
the middle ages, 72; a change
at the Reformation, 73 sq.; the
meaning of 'years of discretion,'
75; Whitgift, Hooker, Baxter,
Jeremy Taylor, and Beveridge,
on the neglect of Confirmation, 76
sqq.; carelessness of the bishops
and clergy in the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries, 78; the
needs of the present day, 79;
infant Confirmation, if desirable,
is as yet impossible, 80; a plea
for early Communion, where early
Confirmation is impossible,81 sqq.
Convocation of York, the: its dif-
ficulties and prospects, 453 sqq.;
disagreements with the Presi-
dent, 454; sketch of the revival
of the Northern Convocation,
455; the combination of its two
Houses, 456; early difficulties,
457; ably conducted debates,
458; the first open disputes of
the Lower House with the Arch-
bishop, 459 sqq. ; the 'Miles Plat-
ting' case, 462 sqq.; 'little wars'
since the separation of the
Houses, 464; the work of Con-
vocation at a standstill, 465;
reasons for uniting the two Con-
vocations, 466 sqq.; treatment
of the proposal for a House of
Laymen at York, 468 sqq. ; points
suggested for consideration on
this proposal, 470; the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury on the
need of one national synod, 472
Courtney, Mr. W. L., Constructive
Ethics, 162 sqq.
DEVON, the antiquities of:
notice of Mr. Worth's His-
tory of Devonshire, 383 sqq.; few,
if any, traces of a Roman occupa-
tion of Devon remain, 384; the
first Saxon Bishop of Devonshire,
Eadulf, 385; removal of the see
from Crediton to Exeter, 386; the
antiquity of Exeter, 387; its sieges
and royal charters, 388; the offi-
cers of the borough, 389; Exeter
at the Reformation and in the
Civil War, 390; Mr. Worth's
treatment of the folklore, 391;
distinguished Devonshire men,
392; the buccaneers, 393; Dart-
mouth, 394; Ashburton, 395;
Devonshire woollen manufacture,
ib.; Barnstaple, 396; Tavistock,
397
Dictionary of National Biography,
The, vol. vii., 248; vol. viii., 512
Droz, M. Edouard, Étude sur le
scepticisme de Pascal, 502
Dublin Review, The, April-July,
1886, 254
sqq.; results of increased
study of the origines of Chris-
tianity, 362; notice of Mr. Homer-
sham Cox's First Century of
Christianity, 363 sqq.; Mr. Cox's
ignorance of modern critical re-
search, 364; errors in chrono-
logy, 365; curious blunders, 365
sq.; the author's views on the
Ministry of the Church, 367;
critique of Dr. Cunningham's
Growth of the Church, 368 sqq. ;
factitious importance of the work,
368; the writer a materialist, 369;
his historical method, 370; his
theory and his conclusions, 37! ;
Individualism as against the
Church, 372; Congregationalism
as against a hierarchy, 373 sqq.;
the' Presbyterian' stage, 376; the
Apostolical succession, 377; the
author's inability to grasp the real
question at issue, ib.; his want of
sympathy with his subject, 378;
lack of knowledge of its history
and literature, 379; erroneous
ideas about early Christianity,
380 sq.; irreligious tone and anti-
Christian bias, 381
Egyptian Christianity, 265 sqq.; re-
view of Mr. Butler's work on the
fabrics of the Ancient Coptic
churches, 266 sqq.; Christian
antiquities of Old Cairo, 267 ;
churches in Upper Egypt, 268;
the White and Red Monasteries,
269; ecclesiastical vestments of
the Copts, ib.; how the chasuble
has been transformed into the
cope, 270; Coptic ecclesiastical
grades, 271; the Monophysitism
of Egypt, ib.; Mr. Butler's misuse
of the term 'Melkite,' 272; ori-
ginal meaning of the epithet, 273;
the liturgical language of the
Copts, ib.; the old Egyptian re-
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